Essential Journalism and Media Writing - It works - ÐÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ...

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The recent appearance of new personal communication media ensures that machineassistedinterpersonal communication will continue to grow. The two innovations that have hadthe most impact are the facsimile (fax) machine and computerized data bases.Facsimile transmission is an old idea, first invented in the 1840s. It wasn‘t until the late1980s, however, that it caught on, thanks to the development of low cost fax machines thatused the phone lines to transmit documents.From the standpoint of machine-assisted interpersonal communication, the computerbulletin board system (BBS) is the most intriguing. The BBS works a little like a telephoneconference call but you type instead of talk. Once you enter the system, or go ―online‖, youmay post a massage for all to see it, if you are the shy type, you may just read what others aresaying.The third major communication setting is the one that we will be most interested in.Although the differences between machine-assisted communication and unaided interpersonalcommunication are fairly easily seen, the differences between machine-assisted interpersonalcommunication and mass communication are not that clear. A working definition of what wemean by mass communication may be appropriate at this point. Mass communication refers tothe process by which a complex organization with the aid of one or more machines producesand transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogeneous, and scatteredaudiences.The source in the mass communication situation is a group of individuals who usually actwithin predetermined roles in an organizational setting. Reporters gather news; writers drafteditorials; a cartoonist may draw an editorial cartoon; the advertising department lays out ads;editors lay out all of these things together on a sample page; technicians transfer this page to amaster, which is taken to a press where other technicians produce the final paper; the finishedcopies are given to the delivery staff who distribute them; and, of course, behind all of this is apublisher who has the money to pay for a building, presses, staff, trucks, paper, ink, and so on.As you can see, this particular newspaper is not the product of a single individual but of anorganization.One of the prime distinguishing characteristics of mass communication is the audience.In the first place, the mass communication audience is a large one, sometimes numbering in themillions of people. Second, the audience is also heterogeneous; that is, it is made up of severaldissimilar groups who may differ in age intelligence, political beliefs, ethnic backgrounds, andso on. Even in situations where the mass communication audience is somewhat well defined,heterogeneity is still present. Third, the audience is spread out over a wide geographic area;source and receiver are not in each other's immediate physical presence. The large size of theaudience and its geographic separation both contribute to a fourth distinguishing factor. Theaudience is anonymous to one another. Lastly, in keeping with the idea of a public message,the audience in mass communication is self-defined. The receiver chooses what film to see,what paper to read, and what program to watch. In the interpersonal and machine-assistedsettings, sources may search you out and select you as the receiver of the message, but in masscommunication, the receiver is the key to the process. If the receiver chooses not to attend tothe message, the message is not received. Consequently, the various mass communicationsources spend a great deal of time and effort to get your attention so that you will includeyourself in the audience.10
Ex. 1. Answer the following questions:1. How many forms are there in the communication process?2. What are the advantages of machine-assisted interpersonal communication?3. When was facsimile transmission first invented and when did it come to be used?4. What is a working definition of mass communication?5. How is a newspaper put together?6. What is special about mass communication audience?Ex. 2. Give Russian equivalents to these expressions:interpersonal communicationshy typepublic address systemdistinguishing characteristicscomputerized data basesphysical presenceunaided human voiceassembled thousandspredetermined rolesrecent appearancepolitical beliefsEx.3 Give English equivalents to these expressions:рабочее определениеучаствовать в дискуссиигеографическая разобщенностьвнести самый значительный вкладза всем этим естьмеханическое устройствокомпоновать материалтратить массу времени и усилийнизко затратныйтысячи собравшихсяEx4. Match the words with their definitions:1. Setting A Watching/listening carefully2. Stand point B Something such as a machine or tool that helps someonedo something3. Editorial C A funny drawing in a newspaper often includinghumorous remarks about news events4. Cartoon D All the things that surround someone or something at aparticular time, including the events that happen, theirenvironment or the people they are with11
Page 1 and 2: Казанский (Приволж
Page 4 and 5: информации. Данное
Page 6 and 7: Lesson 6. Part 1.General reading.
Page 8 and 9: Lesson 1Part 1. General Reading.Tex
Page 12 and 13: 5. Audience E A way of thinking abo
Page 14 and 15: submitted through an agent. Gate cl
Page 16 and 17: Lesson 1Part 2. Vocabulary Practice
Page 18 and 19: Lesson 1Part 3. News Writing and Re
Page 20: Give Russian equivalents to these w
Page 25 and 26: the doings of their elected officia
Page 27 and 28: Ex.3. Give English equivalents to t
Page 29 and 30: level of the individual. Consequent
Page 31 and 32: comforted by seeing that other peop
Page 33 and 34: Section 1Lesson 2Part 2. Vocabulary
Page 35 and 36: Lesson 2Part 3. News Writing and Re
Page 37 and 38: Like all stories, the basic news st
Page 39 and 40: elaboration. If the future action i
Page 41 and 42: Answer the following questions:Less
Page 43 and 44: Read and translate the text using a
Page 45 and 46: Ex.2 Give Russian equivalents to th
Page 47 and 48: - должен был быть из
Page 49 and 50: Yellow journalism tapered off after
Page 51 and 52: Ex.2. Look at the sentences below a
Page 53 and 54: Translate the words from the table
Page 55 and 56: Copying the words of other writers
Page 57 and 58: Wording of AttributionFor most hard
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transmitted over the wires of the m
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бесконечный поток
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9. Выбираются фотог
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Lesson 4Part 2. Vocabulary Practice
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Lesson 4Part 3. News Writing and Re
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home. Potter and many other reporte
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Section BRead the following text qu
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3. Map searches: Click on a map sea
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to compileto bindupcomingsplit-scre
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changing layoutsEx.3. Give English
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6. Управляющий реда
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e) May I add a personal note to you
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Choose the best title for each part
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- verify the source‘s full name a
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Lesson 6Part 1. General ReadingText
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Read and translate the text using a
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Ex.1. Answer the following question
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1. The editorial department ___ dea
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Ex.1. Complete the examples with th
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The FORK methodYou can also try the
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or links will accompany your story?
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Lesson 7Part 1. General ReadingText
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with locally produced programming.
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Text BA Short History of Public Bro
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2) Divide the text into logical par
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Ex.1. Match the two parts of these
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appears the next day. But cliffhang
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are truly kickers. Strive for a ver
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Read the article and check your ans
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Of course, the writing style of bro
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Text CInvestigative Reports1) Read
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People in businesscaptains of indus
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To visualize - to envisionForeshado
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Regardless of the medium, stories s
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This technique is very effective fo
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To respond -to gain -to counsel -to
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the press representative for the an
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skills and try to persuade them to
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Getting the sackdismiss dismissal u
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By location, such as local, regiona
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Lesson 10Part 1. General ReadingTex
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At a basic level, we can distinguis
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Ex. 5. Write the opposites using th
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3. The invention of new communicati
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Lesson 10Part 2. Vocabulary Practic
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5) He's a popular journalist - so h
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Ex.4. Read this extract from the In
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When the hugely successful musical
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d) 'But it was still a royal gala,'
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Lesson 10Part 3. News Writing and R
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A.___________________A classical ca
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How would I feel if the story or ph
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Practical exercises:Work in groups
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Ex. 3. Match the words with their d
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evidence of an elite stage in the h
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'YOU'LL NEVER EAT LUNCH IN THIS TOW
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Films buffs and cult moviesfilm buf
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Ex.4. Read this article from The Ec
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It illustrates a design fault that
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Writers, editors, publishers, agent
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1 ) If something is unprecedented,
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If you are looking for an e-mail ad
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e expensive. Whether you get the da
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extrafactionfailurefictionfilm buff
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stage frightstanding ovationstarsta
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immediacy, breaking news - the even
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Lesson 3. Part 2. Vocabulary practi
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Work with a dictionary and find exp
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Ex.2. Look through the text again.
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A hap-hazard process - accidental,
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predict consequences, to adapt to a
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Which of the following can be consi
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Ex. 3. 1 - C, 2 - G, 3 - A, 4 - E,
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Bibliography1. Bill Mascull ―Key
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