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Chapter 2Overview of current CATV network pDue to a high installation cost involved, the initial structure may not be point-topoint.However, using a Passive Optical Network (PON) and passive optical couplersto split fibres from the Headend to the home into multiple fibres reduces the numberof laser transceivers required for every home, and in turn reduces the cost ofdeployment. Bi-directional communication over FTTH networks is achieved by aMAC protocol that shares bandwidth on the PON structure among different homeservers [75].• SuperPONs: Super Passive Optical Networks (SuperPONs) is another alternativetechnology in its early stages, which can be applied to FTTC and FTTH networks[81]. This technology is considered as the next generation PONs, designed to rungreater distances (about 60 miles) and can support a larger number of users (up to2048 ONUs). SuperPONs provide shared bandwidth up to 2.5G bps downstreamusing TDM and 311 Mbps upstream with TDMA. The major technical challenge insuch architectures is the development of a MAC protocol that could allow fair accessto the network by such a large number of users.2.7.2 xDSL technologiesxDSL is a series of Digital Subscriber Line technologies which allows for thetransmission of information (voice, video and data), over existing copper telephonelines at high speeds. The xDSL technology is attractive, since there exists a hugeinstalled base of twisted pair lines (800-million) worldwide [26]. Optical fibre will carrysignals from a central office to a neighbourhood node, which in turn converts the signalsand puts them into a telephone line to the user. In some cases, a direct copper line canbe used if the distance from the central office to the user is not too large (usually under4 miles). DSL has a similar problem to cable modem technology; upstream bandwidth ismuch smaller than downstream (except its symmetric system which is much moreexpensive). There are various forms of DSL, referred to as xDSL.• ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is quickly becoming the mostpopular form of xDSL. ADSL can support up to 8 Mbps bandwidth for downloadingand up to 640 kbps for uploading [6].2-16
Chapter 2Overview of current CATV network pThe asymmetrical nature of ADSL technology makes it ideal for Internet/Intranetsurfing, video-on-demand and remote LAN access.ADSL requires a voice/data splitter, commonly called a POTS Splitter (Plain OldTelephone Service) to be installed at the consumer's home or business location. Thesplitter separates voice from data transmissions. For simultaneous use of thetelephone and data access, additional phone wires may need to be installed at thelocation. Full rate ADSL provides service up to a maximum range of 12,000 feet(about 2 miles) from the provider company's central office to the end-user. Fordistances up to 15,000–18,000 feet (about 2.8-3.4 miles) the data rate decreases to1.5 Mbps downstream and 64 kbps upstream [68].• G.Lite: This technology, often called ADSL Lite, Splitterless or Universal ADSLand now also known as G.992.2 [58], does not require a POTS splitter to be installedat the consumer's home or business. ADSL Lite provides bandwidth downstream upto 1.5 Mbps and upstream up to 512 kbps. ADSL Lite provides service up to amaximum range of 12,000 feet (about 2.0 miles) from the central office. Under goodhome conditions and loop quality the range can be extended up 18,000 feet (≈ 3.4miles) [68]. This technology will be primarily targeted towards residential customers,for combined data and circuit/IP voice services over a single twisted copper looppair. In addition, it is expected that the data rates of this standard will meet the needsof the average consumer for some time to come [9].• SDSL: Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) delivers high-speed datanetworking over a single-pair of copper phone lines, at the same speed in both theupstream and downstream directions. Speed ranges achieved by this technology are384 kbps, 768 kbps, 1 Mbps, 1.544 Mbps (T1 service over two copper pairs) or up to2.048 Mbps (for E1 streams over three copper pairs) at a maximum range of 12,000feet (about 2.3 miles) [11]. SDSL is ideal for business applications that requireidentical downstream and upstream speeds, such as video conferencing orcollaborative computing as well as similar applications appropriate for ADSLtechnology. SDSL uses either CAP modulation or the same kind of line-modulationtechnique employed in ISDN, known as 2B1Q.2-17
Page 6 and 7: I would like to thank all the peopl
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Page 15 and 16: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 2.1 - NEXT GENE
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1Introduction pBecause of h
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1Introduction pA first step
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Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1Introduction ppolynomial b
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1Introduction pIn general,
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Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1Introduction pThe authors
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1Introduction prate access
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1Introduction p1.4 Overview
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Chapter 4Simulation and analytical
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Chapter 4Simulation and analytical
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Chapter 5Upstream channel capacity
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Chapter 6Optimisation of CRA using
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Chapter 7PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION F
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aChapter 7Performance optimisation
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Chapter 8Final conclusions p8.2 Gen
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pWe have
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pperform
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pslots i
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pfocused
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Chapter 8Final conclusions preserva
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pbandwid
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pThe opt
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Chapter 8Final conclusions p8.4 Fut
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pApplica
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Chapter 8Final conclusions pTCIS st
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Referencesp[17] I. Cidon, and M. Si
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Referencesp[50] N. F. Huang, C. A.
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Referencesp[85] V. Rangel, R. Edwar
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Referencesp[112] K. Sriram, “Meth
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APPEDIX A: GLOSSARYAALABRADSLATMBCB
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Appendix AGlossary pkbpsLANLLCMACMA
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Appendix AGlossary pUSBUWVDSLVoDVoI
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Appendix BProtocol stack and packet
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Appendix BProtocol stack and packet
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APPENDIX C: D VERIFICATION TEST FOR
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Appendix D Verification test p209 2
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Appendix EResults for a 6 Mbps upst
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Appendix FGuide to CD-ROM p IEEE802
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