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Chapter 4Simulation and analytical modelling pThe average size is ≈ 368 bytes or 8.3 ATM cells and the message inter-arrival timeis exponential distributed with mean T = 1/λ, where λ varies according to the offeredload (e.g. 32 or 64 kbps). The minimum packet size of 64 bytes corresponds to anacknowledgement packet that is exchanged during a TCP session and the packet sizeof 1518 bytes corresponds to the maximum size of an Ethernet packet that is mainlyFigure 4.6 – NIU Manager process – FSM.used in PC Networks.• Traffic Source 2: This traffic type emulates a CBR stream. It is a modifiedimplementation of the ON-OFF source provided by the CSF, which is used togenerate isochronous streams. All sources create packets of constant length, variablebetween simulation runs from 20 to 1518 bytes to cover a large range of applicationswith a constant inter-arrival rate. The time, t, that each source starts generatingpackets was exponentially distributed with a mean of 1 second. This prevents NIUsfrom issuing the first reservation request simultaneously and causing an excessivenumber of collisions at the beginning of the simulation.The most important block in the NIU node is the IU MAC (Figure 4.4a). This block isbased on two asynchronous processes: The IU Manager process handles upstream/downstream traffic and performs the initialisation and registration process depicted inFigure 3.2.4-9