Annual Report 2011 - Snam

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12Snam Annual Report 2011 / The Snam GroupLNG REGASIFICATIONThe process for the extraction of natural gas from the fields, its liquefaction for transport by shipand subsequent regasification for use by the users, forms the ‘LNG chain’. The process begins in thecountry of the exporter, where the natural gas is brought to the liquid state by cooling it to -160° Cand subsequently loaded onto tankers for shipping to the destination terminal, the LNG regasificationterminal. At the regasification terminal, the LNG is unloaded, then heated and returned to the gaseousstate and is input into the natural gas transportation network.Natural gas is also injected into the National Transportation Network from the LNG terminal at Panigaglia(La Spezia), which is owned by GNL Italia and regasifies 17,500 cubic metres of LNG per day; thus whenoperating at maximum capacity the terminal can inject over 3.5 billion cubic metres of natural gas intothe transportation network annually.The regasification service includes unloading the LNG from the vessel, operating storage, i.e., the storagetime required for vaporising the LNG, regasifying it and injecting it into the national network at thePanigaglia entry point.STORAGEThe natural gas storage business in Italy is done under a concession regime and it serves to offset thevarious demands of gas consumption and supply. In fact, procurement has had a basically constantprofile throughout the year, while gas demand has been characterised by high seasonal variability withwinter demand significantly higher than summer.Essentially, there are two distinct phases in storage: (i) injection phase, generally concentrated betweenApril and October, consisting of injecting into storage the natural gas deriving from the nationaltransport network; and (ii) the extraction phase, usually concentrated between November and March ofthe following year, when the natural gas is extracted from the deposit, treated, and redelivered to usersby the transportation network.The storage business is carried out by making use of an integrated whole of infrastructures comprised ofdeposits, gas treatment plants, compression plants and the operational dispatching system.Stogit is the major Italian operator and one of the leading European natural gas storage operators, viaeight storage fields in Lombardy (four), Emilia Romagna (three) and Abruzzo (one).NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTIONThe natural gas distribution business operates on a concession regime through the conferral of thisservice by local public entities; it consists of the service of gas distribution through local transportationnetworks from delivery points at the metering and reduction stations (city gates) to the gas distributionnetwork redelivery points at the end customers (households, businesses, etc.).Gas distribution service is carried out for sales companies authorised to market to end customers by thetransportation of the gas through city networks.Italgas undertakes natural gas distribution activities by making use of an integrated system of infrastructurescomprised of stations for withdrawing gas from the transport network, pressure reduction plants, localSnam Annual Report 2011
Snam Annual Report 2011 / The Snam Group13transportation and distribution network, user derivation plants and redelivery points comprised of technicalequipment featuring meters at the end customers.Italgas is the leading Italian operator in the natural gas distribution business in Italy with 1,449 municipalconcessions and more than 50,000 kilometres of medium- and low-pressure transportation network.Snam’s presence in the territoryInfrastructure as at 31 December 2011GRIES PASSTARVISIOCAVARZEREGORIZIAPANIGAGLIASNAM RETE GASNational Transportation NetworkCompression stationsEntry pointsGNL ITALIARegasification terminalSTOGITStorage fieldsITALGASMunicipalities under concessionMAZARADEL VALLOGELASnam Annual Report 2011
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216Independent auditors’ reportSn
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Annual Report 2011 - Snam

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