Download - RAISG - Instituto Socioambiental

MRD5. Road density by Amazonian sub-basinTRD4. The ten Amazonian sub-basins with the highest road densitySub-basinArea(km²)Road length (km)Road density(km/km²)Unpaved Paved Total Unpaved Paved TotalWestern Northeast Atlantic N(Brasil)19,883 603 736 339 30.3 37.0 67.3Paranã B (Brasil) 1,791 107 107 59.8 0.0 59.8Araguaia (Brasil) 23,587 805 337 142 34.1 14.3 48.4Middle Juruena (Brasil) 5,314 223 223 42,0 0.0 42.0Santiago (Ecuador, Perú) 7,207 345 790 134 12.7 29.0 41.7Western Northeast Atlantic S(Brasil)30,922 2,231 3,164 395 17.0 24.2 41.2Middle-Lower Tocantins 1(Brasil)57,564 1,099 1,260 359 19.1 21.9 41.0Palma (Brasil) 16,580 338 338 676 20.4 20.4 40.7Middle-Lower Tocantins 2(Brasil)71,291 1,693 1,174 868 23.8 16.5 40.2Ji-Paraná (Brasil) 75,042 2,237 643 880 29.8 8.6 38.4TRD7. The ten PNAs (with areas over 100 km²) with the highest road density in AmazoniaCountry Sphere Type of use Categorya NameArea(km 2 )Road density(km/km 2 )Brasil departmental indirect Natural Monument Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins 326 117.8Brasil departmental indirect State Park Morro dos Seis Lagos 375 109.4Brasil departmental direct Environmental Protection Area Igarapé São Francisco 297 81.9Brasil departmental direct Environmental Protection Area Curiaú 226 79.1Brasil departmental indirect State Park Águas do Cuiabá 106 73.3Brasil departmental direct Environmental Protection Area Lago de Palmas 601 61.2Brasil national direct Extractive Reserve Quilombo Frechal 176 60.5Bolivia departmental direct Watershed Protection Area Cumbre de Apacheta 155 60.0Brasil national direct Environmental Protection Area Igarapé Gelado 203 42.8Brasil national direct Extractive Reserve Mata Grande 133 42.2TRD8. Length and density of road types in Amazonian ITs, by territory typeRoad length (km) Road density (km/km 2 )TRD6). The highest densities are found in direct/indirect use national PNAs (19.5 km/km 2 ), followedby direct use departmental PNAs (7.2 km/km 2 ) and by the direct use national PNAs (3.0 km/km 2 ). ThePNAs of other administrative levels and types of use have densities ≤ 2.3 km/km 2 (TRD6 and MRD6).The PNAs with the highest road densities are located in Brasil (density figures between 42.2 and117.8 km/km 2 ), seven of them in direct or indirect departmental PNAs and three in direct use nationalPNAs (TRD7 and MRD6).By Indigenous TerritoriesThe total length of the roads identified in Indigenous Territories (ITs) was 9,530 km, distributedbetween paved roads (2,391 km, 25.1% of the total), unpaved roads (6,424 km, 67.4%) and plannedroads (715 km, 7.5%). The greatest lengths are found in officially recognized ITs (5,471 km, 57.4% ofthe total), followed by the areas of traditional occupation without official recognition (3,968 km, 41.6%)and by the territorial reserves or intangible zones (91 km, 1%) (TRD8 and MRD7).MRD7. Road density by IT in AmazoniaGRD3. Road distribution in PNA in Amazonia, by administrative sphere and type of useType of ITTotal area(km²)ProjectedUnpavedPavedTotalProjectedUnpavedPavedTotalIT officially recognized 1,603.652 500 4,472 499 5,471 0.3 2.8 0.3 3.4IT not officially recognized 491,673 124 1,952 1,892 3,968 0.3 4 3.8 8.1Territorial Reservation or Intangible29,336 91 - - 91 3.1 0 0 3.1zonesTotal 2,124.661 715 6,424 2,391 9,530 0.3 3.0 1.1 4.5By Protected AreasBRD2. IIRSA road between Pucallpa and Cruzeiro do Sul: a project in questionThe total length of roads identified inside Protected Natural Areas (PNAs) was 7,202 km, distributedbetween paved roads (2,160 km, 30% of the total), unpaved (4,416 km, 61.3%) and planned(626 km, 8.7%). The largest lengths are found in direct use departmental PNAs (3,583 km, 49.7% of thetotal), followed by indirect use national PNAs (1,754 km, 24%) and by direct use national PNAs (1,280km, 17.7%). The PNAs of other administrative levels and types of use have road lengths ≤ 292 km(TRD5 and GRD3).The total density of roads identified inside PNAs was 3.3 km/km 2 , distributed between pavedroads (1.0 km/km 2 ), unpaved roads (2.0 km/km 2 ) and planned roads (0.3 km/km 2 ). This figure is lowerthan all the national figures [min-max: 3.7 km/km 2 (Colombia) – 37.5 km/km 2 (Ecuador)] (TRD2 andMRD6. Road density by PNA in AmazoniaTRD5. Length of road types in PNA in Amazonia, by administrative sphere and type of useAdministrative sphereAreaRoad Length (km)Road Densityand type of use(km²) Projected Unpaved Paved Total (km/km 2 )Direct use departmental 497,202 10 2,175 1,399 3,583 7.2Indirect use departmental 129,730 258 34 292 2.3Direct use national 426,566 178 817 285 1,280 3.0Direct/Indirect use national 4,165 76 5 81 19.5Indirect use national 774,180 396 951 406 1,754 2.3Transitory use national 327,326 42 139 30 211 0.6General total 2,159.169 626 4,416 2,160 7,202 3.3The Pucallpa–Cruzeiro do Sul road project, connecting the port of Callao on the Pacific Ocean of Peru with Cruzeiro doSul, Brazil, passing through Pucallpa, is part of the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America(IIRSA). IIRSA has a portfolio of more than 350 projects for road, energy and communications infrastructures, organizedalong geographical axes. This road project, which would establish IIRSA’s Central Axis in Peru, is the least advanced of thethree axes impacting this country (North, Center and South).This integration has been an objective pursued by national and regional authorities since 2006 when the presidents ofPeru and Brazil agreed to work towards completing the northern and central bi-national projects to connect their countries.At the end of 2009, Presidents Alán García and Lula da Silva signed 16 bilateral cooperation agreements, includinga commitment to conclude the Central Axis. According to those promoting this project, the road will be the solution to theproblems of isolation and lack of economic development Identified in this central cross-border region.Although the IIRSA plan for construction of the road appears to be underway, a number of conflicting views existconcerning the type of interconnection that should be made between Pucallpa and Cruzeiro do Sul. On the Peruvian side,the Executive apparently decided in favor of the road, since the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) andthe Special Infrastructure Project for National Transport – PROVÍAS NACIONAL have carried out a pre-viability study thatindicates the route of the future road. However during the previous government administration, Congress declared in thenational interest the construction of the ‘Brazil-Peru’ Atlantic-Pacific Transcontinental Railway along the same route. Theregional government of Ucayali also supports the railway option because of its lower impact on the environment. On theBrazilian side, the scant news available on the subject suggests that the interconnection option favored is also the railway.According to the Brazilian Ambassador to Peru, Carlos Alfredo Lazary Teixeira, “aconsensus exists among the authorities in Brazil that the connection between thecities of Pucallpa in Peru and Cruzeiro do Sul should be via railway rather than roadin order to safeguard and care for the environment.”On the Peruvian side several studies indicate that the route proposed by the PeruvianMTC could have very negative impacts for the Sierra del Divisor PNA and forthe Reserve established to protect the Isconahua indigenous people living in isolation,both on the Peruvian side. On the Brazilian side, it would directly affect the Serra doDivisor National Park and the indigenous territories bordering on the park.The Regional Group for Monitoring Mega-Protects in the Ucayali Region, createdin July 2008 by representatives of indigenous communities, the regional governmentand civil society, expressed considerable concern over the lack of officialtransparency in the handling of information and decisions relating to the Pucallpa-Cruzeiro do Sul interconnection, as well as the absence of dialogue with the localactors involved.According to the public declaration made by the Regional Group, they questionedthe convocation for the pre-viability study since it was made “without elaboratinga development strategy for the frontier between Ucayali and Acre, nor indeed along-term environmental strategy, that clearly includes the procedures of prior andinformed consultation before, during and after the project.” (Pedro Tipula/IBC)TRD6. Density of road types in PNA in Amazonia, by administrative sphere and type of useAdministrative sphereAreaRoad Density (km/km²)and type of use(km²) Projected Unpaved Paved TotalRoad Length(km)Direct/Indirect use national 4,165 18.3 1.2 19.5 81Direct use departmental 497,202 4.4 2.8 7.2 3,583Direct use national 426,566 0.4 1.9 0.7 3.0 1,280Indirect use national 774,180 0.5 1.2 0.5 2.3 1,754Indirect use departmental 129,730 2.0 0.3 2.3 292Transitory use national 327,326 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.6 211General total 2,159.169 0.3 2.0 1.0 3.3 7,202RAISG 20Amazonia under Pressure – RoadsRoads– Amazonia under Pressure 21 RAISG