Passionate Love and Sexual Desire - Elaine Hatfield

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32sure, but stories none-the-less. In fact, evolutionary theorists have postulated manyalternative views of love relationships during the Pleistocene. These include such ideasas: (1) Men invested very little in childrearing, versus (2) a significant paternalinvolvement in childbearing was a key factor in determining the number of viableoffspring who lived to reproduce; thus men were motivated to devote a great deal oftime, energy, and resources to childrearing. Harris (2002) lists a number of thesepossibilities. If the Pleistocene adaptive solutions were different than those wecurrently envision, it would of course, lead to different cognitive structures in today’smen and women. Only if cultural and evolutionary theorists work hand-in-hand, willscientists be able to develop compelling theories of human behavior—theories thatrespect both the “architecture” of the past and the cultural challenges to be met by menand women of the future.Let us now turn to some of the discoveries of cultural theorists in the area ofjealousy.B. Cultural Differences in JealousyAnthropologists have noted that cultures differ markedly in what sets off jealousy,in how jealous people get, and in whether or not they have the power to do anythingabout it (Hupka & Ryan, 1990; Hupka, 1991).1. What sparks jealousy. Men and women can use a number of clues to tellthem that someone they love is drifting away. Hupka (1981) illustrated the point thatcultures define very different things as threats to self-esteem, relationships, andproperty with this scenario:
33On her return trip from the local watering well, a married woman is askedfor a cup of water by a male resident of the village. Her husband, restingon the porch of their dwelling, observes his wife giving the man a cup ofwater. Subsequently, they approach the husband and the three of themenjoy a lively and friendly conversation into the late evening hours.Eventually the husband puts out the lamp, and the guest has sexualintercourse with the wife. The next morning the husband leaves the houseearly in order to catch fish for breakfast. Upon his return he finds his wifehaving sex again with the guest. The husband becomes violently enragedand mortally stabs the guest.At what point in the vignette may one expect the husband to bejealous? It depends, of course, in which culture we place the husband. Ahusband of the Pawnee Indian tribe in the 19 th century bewitched any manwho dared to request a cup of water from his wife. . . An AmmassalikEskimo husband, on the other hand, offered his wife to a guest by meansof the culturally sanctioned game of “putting out the lamp.” A good hostwas expected to turn out the lamp at night, as an invitation for the guest tohave sexual intercourse with the wife. The Ammassalik, however, becameintensely jealous when his wife copulated with a guest in circumstancesother than the lamp game or without a mutual agreement between twofamilies to exchange mates, and it was not unusual for the husband to killthe interloper.
Page 1 and 2: 78. Hatfield, E., Rapson, R. L.. &
Page 3 and 4: 3of neural activation (see Bartels
Page 5 and 6: 5After observing many kinds of prim
Page 7 and 8: 7someone, there is less need to ass
Page 9 and 10: 9mutability of human behavior. They
Page 11 and 12: 11evidenced in the availability of
Page 13 and 14: 13Chu (1985; Chu & Ju, 1993), too,
Page 15 and 16: 15To test the notion that passionat
Page 17 and 18: 17preferences. He found that for so
Page 19 and 20: 19. . . everybody knows that love c
Page 21 and 22: 211980). Families might also consul
Page 23 and 24: 23fact they do not. Joseph and Jose
Page 25 and 26: 25To test this notion, Sprecher and
Page 28 and 29: 28jealousy's pangs. She observed:
Page 30 and 31: 30cuckold should fail to detect the
Page 34 and 35: 34The Toda of Southern India, who w
Page 36 and 37: 36extreme jealousy) and the Toda tr
Page 38 and 39: 38women were “supposed” to resp
Page 40 and 41: 40This treatment of an unfaithful w
Page 42 and 43: 42Naturally, cultural differences s
Page 44 and 45: 44Bringle, R. G., & Buunk, B. (1986
Page 46 and 47: 46Dion, K. K. & Dion, K. L. (1993).
Page 48 and 49: 48Hatfield, E. & Rapson, R. L. (198
Page 50 and 51: 50Kitayama, S. (2002.) Culture and
Page 52 and 53: 52Prakasa, V. V., & Rao, V. N. (197
Page 54 and 55: 54Sternberg, R. J. (1988). Triangul

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