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Dauzat 1997Dauzat M, Laroche JP, Deklunder G, Ayoub, J, Quére I, Lopez FM,Janbon C. Diagnosis of acute lower limb deep venous thrombosiswith ultrasound: trends ans controversies. J Clin Ultrasound 1997;25(7):343–58. 97426095.Haas 1999Haas SK, Wolf H, Encke A, Fareed J. Prevention of fatal pulmonaryembolism by low molecular weight heparin - a double blind comparisonof certoparin and unfractionated heparin. Thromb HaemostasAugust 1999;Supplement:491.Jørgensen 1993Jorgensen LN, Wille-Jorgensen P, Hauch O. Prophylaxis of postoperativethrom boembolism with low molecular weight heparins. Br JSurg 1993;80:689–704. 93321028.Kjaergaard 1985Kjaergaard J, Esbensen K, Wille Jorgensen P, Jorgensen T, Thorup J,Berning H, Wold S. A multivariate pattern recognition study of riskfactorsindicating postoperative thromboembolism despite low-doseheparin in major abdominal surgery. Thromb Haemost 1985;54(2):409–12. 86097628.Leizorovicz 1997Leizorovicz A, Haugh MC. Low Molecular weight heparinin preventionof perioperative thrombosis (Protocol). In: Fowkes FGR, JanzonL, Kleijnen J, leng CG (eds.) Pripheral Vascular Diseases Moduleon The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (updated August1997). Available in The Cochrane Library (database on CDROM).The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software;1997. In: Cochrane Library, 3, 2000. Oxford: Update Software.Leizorovicz 1992Leizorovicz A, Haugh MC, Chapuis FR, Samama MM, BoisselJP. Low molecular weight hepaprin in prevention of perioperativethrombosis. Brit Med J 1992;305:913–20. 93091577.Mantoni 1997Mantoni M, Strandberg C, Neergaard K, Sloth C, Jørgensen PS,Thamsen H, Tørholm C, Paaske BP, Rasmussen SW, ChristensenSW, Wille-Jørgensen P. Triplex US in the diagnosis of asymptomaticdeep venous thrombosis. Acta Radiol 1997;38(2):327–31.97247030.Nurmohammed 1992Nurmohamed MT, Rosendaal FR, Buller HR, et al. Low molecularweight heparin versus standard heparin in general and orthopaedicsurgery: a meta-analysis. Lancet 1992;340:152–56. 92326472.Siragusa 1997Siragusa S, Beltrametti C, Barone M, Piovella F. Clinical course andincidence of post-thrombophlebitic syndrome after profound asymptomaticdeep vein thrombosis. Minerva Cardioangiol 1997;45:57–66.Wille-Jorgensen 1991Wille-Jørgensen, P. Prophylaxis of postoperative thromboembolism.Danish Medical Bulletin 1991;38:203–28.Wille-Jørgensen 1988Wille-Jørgensen P, Kjaergaard J, Jørgensen T, Korsgaard Larsen T.Failure in prophylactic management of thromboembolic disease incolorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:384–6. 1988211380.Wille-Jørgensen 1990Wille-Jorgensen P, Ott P. Predicting failure of low.dose prophylacticheparin in general surgical patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990;171:126–30.Wille-Jørgensen 1992Wille-Jørgensen P, Jørgensen LN, Hauch O, Borris LC, Lassen MR,Nehen AM, Kjær L, Jensen R. Potential influence of observer variationon thromboprophylactic studies. Hæmostasis 1992;22:211–5.∗ Indicates the major publication for the studyT A B L E SCharacteristics of included studiesStudy Butson 1981MethodsParticipantsInterventionsOutcomesRCT. Sealed envelopes. Not blinded. (Controlgroup = no treatment). No primary stratification of colorectalpatients.Elective general surgery patients. 119 randomized. Non excluded. Leaving 119 patients in per protocolanalysis as well as in intention to treat analysis. Subgroup of 24 colorectal patients were distributed withrespectively 63 % and 37 % in the two treatment arms.Intermittent compression: Intermittent compression peroperatively and untill ambulant. Most of the patients24 to 48 hours postoperatively.Control: No treatment.Thromboembolic events: DVTBleeding events: Not described.Diagnosis: radiofibrinogen uptake test every day up to 14 days postoperatively or untill discharge. If positivetest then confirmed with venography.Heparins and mechanical methods for thromboprophylaxis in colorectal surgery (Review)Copyright © 2006 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd11
Characteristics of included studies (Continued )NotesAllocation concealmentBoth intention to treat- and per protocol analysis.Unbalanced distribution of colorectal patients.AStudy Covey 1975MethodsParticipantsInterventionsOutcomesNotesAllocation concealmentRCT. Coded vials. Patient-, surgeon- and outcome-assessor blinded. No primary stratification of colorectalpatients.Elective general surgery patients. 105 randomized. Non excluded. Leaving 105 patients in per protocolanalysis as well as in intention to treat analysis. Subgroup of 20 colorectal patients were distributed withrespectively 45% and 55% in the two treatment arms.LDH: 5000 U unfractionated heparin preoperatively and x2 postoperatively for 8 days or until discharge.Control group: PlaceboThromboembolic events: DVTBleeding events: Not described.Diagnosis: radiofibrinogen uptake test, until 8 th day.No missing patients.Balanced distribution of colorectal patients.BStudy Fricker 1988MethodsParticipantsInterventionsOutcomesNotesAllocation concealmentRCT. Unclear randomizing procedure. Not blinded. No primary stratification of colorectal patients.Elective cancer general surgery. 80 randomized patients. Non excluded. Leaving 80 patients in per protocolanalysis as well as in intention to treat analysis. Subgroup of 6 colorectal patients were distributed withrespectively 33% and 67% in the two treatment arms.LDH: 5000 IU unfractionated heparin preoperatively and x3 postoperatively for ten days.LMWH: 2500 anti-Xa units (lowdose) preoperatively and 5000 anti-Xa units (mediumdose) x1 for ten dayspostoperatively.Thromboembolic events: PEBleeding events: Not specified in colorectal patientsDiagnosis: Radiofibrinogen uptake test. Positiv test confirmed by phlebography. PE: Clinically, confirmedby scintigraphy.Both intention to treat- and per protocol analysis.Unbalanced distribution of colorectal patients.BStudy Gallus 1976MethodsParticipantsRCT. Sealed envelopes. Surgeon blinded. Not patient nor outcome-assessor blinded. (Controlgroup = notreatment).No primary stratification of colorectal patients.Elective general surgery patients. 820 randomized patients. Non excluded. Leaving 820 patients in perprotocol analysis as well as in intention to treat analysis. Subgroup of 90 colorectal patients were distributedwith respectively 49 % and 51 % in the two treatment arms.Interventions LDH: 5000 units of unfractionated heparin preoperatively and x3 postoperatively for seven days .Control: No treatmentOutcomesThromboembolic events: DVTBleeding events: Not specified in colorectal patients.Heparins and mechanical methods for thromboprophylaxis in colorectal surgery (Review)Copyright © 2006 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd12
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