Framework for Economic Growth, Pakistan - Planning Commission

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International conference on “Framework for Economic Growth, Pakistan”the issue of a city like Karachi which has communities with ethnic conflicts which has made itvirtually impossible for people to develop it? It is a city even where Pakistan’s economy is alsostuck. What would be your prescription for an urban city like Karachi?Answer: I am an Italian American. Mypeople were from Southern Italy. When mypeople moved to the United States they didthe same sort of things and went for ethnicclashes with Jews, Irish and other peopletypically over gaining power in informal citysectors and organized crime and mafias.This practice is very common and recurringin our cities. Only solution is to go forcreativity and engaging people. People Igrew up with as kid mostly turned intocriminals, thieves and were involved in drugdealing. As a kid, like me, they were alsovery creative but fell outside the channel asthey had no other way. Creatingmechanisms to mobilize energies is crucial.We need to channelize people and makethem more productive. One of theremarkable things happened in USA is thatwe saw our cities becoming remarkablysafer. We have immigrants from all the overthe world. But important thing is the waythis diversity is managed to handle issues.To give people hope and channelize theirenergies in more productive way is the realsolution which is good for them as well asfor the national growth. Periods oftransformation take time to have a drasticshift.Question (Dr. Nadeem Ul Haque): In this new strategy, or urban strategy, there are two to threecharges on us which I want you to tackle. People label this charge at us that this strategy is notpoor friendly as we have a focus on urban areas. Second charge is that we are ignoring ruralareas. We saw earthquake in 2005 and floods last year. There is an underline narrative that let usbuild these villages first. My question is that should we encourage mobility into the cities? Or isurban dimension way forward for poverty eradication?Answer: It is a mistake to say that somethingis urban focused and not rural friendly. Igive you an example. Many years ago I wasa part of a group between USA and Korea.There was a big debate in Seoul that it hasgrown too big and consuming all theresources. How do we reallocate andredistribute the resources in rest of Korea? Ijust said something very simple to them thatlook at Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kongand all the cities around you. If you areweak at Seoul you are gone. It doesn’tmatter what you try to do to the little cities ifyou are weak in your big cities. If you areweak in big cities and you don’t have strongcity in this spiky world your cities areunable to compete.I ask to my students that should we makehuman migration to urban areas a humanright. Should the ability to migrate andimprove yourself and your family be ahuman right? I asked them to leave theirhomes and go to some village in Africa or indeveloping countries and read theirexperiences when they come back.Everybody when came back to me afterlooking at the conditions of these villagessaid that ‘Richard you are right’. Peoplemust have the right to migrate to urbanareas. Urbanization creates the pocketswhere people come and do more, becomemore productive and innovative. Anywhereif you make these adjustments simpler andfluid it is going to improve the conditions oftheir lives, community’s life and of thecountry.Question (Dr. Nadeem Ul Haque): People also level a charge at us that we have forgotten export-122
International conference on “Framework for Economic Growth, Pakistan”led growth. I would like you to comment.Answer: Has export-led growth worked?Have there any shining examples of exportledgrowth? Is export-led growthsustainable? Is it a way to develop acountry? I must say that it was a time boundstrategy. In order to develop a country itmust develop its own resources, partly Godgiven, partly natural, and the most importantresource a country has is its people. Humanresources and creativity leave the farm (ruralarea) and Pakistan and go to London, NewYork, Washington D.C., Silicon Valley andToronto. Make sure that people don’t jumpto other countries but jump to cities withinPakistan. For example in Taiwan innovatorsfirst moved to Silicon Valley but then theycame back and started enterprises at theirhome. So we need to build such cities inPakistan where we can mobilize resourcesand develop businesses. That strategy ofhuman capital development and humancreativity is more appropriate andsustainable.Question: Richard please give us some insight of your book “The Great Reset” and tell us aboutthe issue of “Institutional Scleroses” because we seem to have institutional problems here too. Inyour opinion how reset is going to happen here?Answer: In every crisis what happens is thatmost countries are trapped by institutionalscleroses. Institutions when become sofailed, bank corrupted, have corruption, andso ineffective then finally someone wakesup and says that there is another way to do itbetter. I think this is what propelled USAover past resets. Idea is that there are somany pockets of the world that haveresources to build capability and can harnesshuman capability. Advantage to Pakistan isthat it has large number of young people.Young people are coming looking at worldin a new way and they are connected to theworld. My hunch is that by harnessinguseful energy and giving people ability tolive their dreams, mobilize resources andmake adjustments in institutions you havegreat chances to lead them to growth. It isgreat that you are leading this effort that thisdiscussion started and I encourage you tomove as quickly as possible in the frontier ofthis new urban growth strategy.***123
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Framework for Economic Growth, Pakistan - Planning Commission

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