Climate Change in the Champlain Basin - The Nature Conservancy

What natural resource managers can expect and doGlossaryReferencesAOGCMs: Atmospheric andOceanic General CirculationModelsLCBP: Lake Champlain BasinProgramIPCC: Intergovernmental Panelon Climate ChangeNOAA: National Oceanic andAtmospheric AdministrationUSGS: United States GeologicalSurveyUSHCN: United States HistoricalClimatology NetworkTrophic: related to feedinginteractions among membersof a food web.Oligotrophic: clear water withan abundance of dissolvedoxygen and a deficiency ofplant nutrients.Eutrophication: the processby which a body of waterbecomes rich in dissolvednutrients that stimulateplant and phytoplanktongrowth, often with a deficiencyin dissolved oxygen.Cultural eutrophication:when eutrophication iscaused by human-generatedpollution.Benthic: pertaining to lake orstream bottoms.Pelagic: pertaining to deep,offshore waters.Littoral: the shallow nearshorezone in lakes and freshwaterecosystems wherelight penetration to thebottom allows the growthof rooted plants.Hypolimnion: lower, cooler,noncirculating water in athermally stratified temperatelake in summer.Epilimnion: upper warm relativelythin (usually) mixedlayer in a thermally stratifiedlake in summer—lyingover the deeper usuallyconsiderably thicker, coldhypolimnion.Riparian: pertaining to thebanks of rivers andstreams.Phytoplankton: autotrophic(cyanobacteria, protists,plants) plankton.Zooplankton: heterotrophic(protists and animals)plankton.Hypoxia: low in dissolvedoxygen content, pertaininghere to water.Key ecological attributes:aspects of natural-systemor species-assemblagebiology or ecology that, ifmissing or altered, wouldlead to the loss of viabilityor integrity over time.Adaptation: adaptation toclimate change refersto adjustment in naturalor human systems inresponse to actual orexpected climatic stimuli ortheir effects, which moderatesharm or exploitsbeneficial opportunities.Sources: “Glossary of PelagicBiogeography,” (1990) by R.K.Johnson, B.J. 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[Albany(NY)]: State University of New Yorkat Albany.De Stasio BT, Hill DK, KleinhansJM, Nibbelink NP, Magnuson JJ.1996. Modeling studies of thermalcharacteristics in northern Wisconsinlakes project an earlier and more stableonset of stratification as climaticwarming raises surface temperatures.Limnology and Oceanography41(5):1136–1149.Dupuis AP, Hann BJ. 2009. Climatechange, diapause termination andzooplankton population dynamics:an experimental and modelingapproach. Freshwater Biology54(2):221–235.Eaton JG, Scheller RM. 1996.Effects of climate warming on fishthermal habitat in streams of theUnited States. Regional Assessmentof Freshwater Ecosystems andClimate Change in North America.Symposium. 1994 Oct 24. Leesburg,VA. Limnology and Oceanography41(5):1109–1115.Environment Canada. [Internet].[updated 2009 Nov 26]. Wetlandsand climate change. Ottawa,Ontario, Canada. Available from:http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau–water/default.asp?lang=En&n=3E75BC40-1#Section32Ficke AD, Myrick CA, Hansen LJ.2007. Potential impacts of global climatechange on freshwater fisheries.Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries17(4):581–613.Fisheries Technical Committee of theLake Champlain Fish and WildlifeManagement Cooperative. 2009.Strategic Plan for Lake ChamplainFisheries. New York State Departmentof Environmental Conservation,Vermont Department of Fishand Wildlife, U.S. Fish and WIldlifeService.Frumhoff PC, McCarthy JJ, MelilloJM, Moser SC, Wuebbles DJ. 2007.Confronting climate change in theU.S. Northeast: science, impacts, andsolutions. Northeast Climate ImpactsAssessment (NECIA) SynthesisTeam. Cambridge, MA: Union ofConcerned Scientists (UCS).Gao N, Armatas G, Shanley JB,Kamman NC, Miller EK, KeelerGJ, Scherbatskoy T, Holsen TM,Young T, McIlroy L, Drake S, OlsenB, Cady C. 2006. Mass balanceassessment for mercury in LakeChamplain. 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