Figure 28 Latest Cambrian to earliestOrdovician Jaquiery Granitoid Gneissin <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Florence Stream, MerrieRange. Insert shows <strong>the</strong> strong gneissicfoliation.Straight Ri er ranite remains undated, geochemical datasuggest a correlation with ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> Cambro-Ordo icianPandora Orthogneiss and aquiery ranitoid neiss, or<strong>the</strong> Carboniferous Ridge Suite (Allibone et al. 2009c, cf.Allibone et al. 2007; see below).Numerous small bodies <strong>of</strong> dioritic and granitoid orthogneiss(&o) are intercalated with Takaka terrane metasedimentaryrocks in western <strong>Fiordland</strong>. The largest mapped body,comprising banded mafic and felsic orthogneisses, is in<strong>the</strong> errie Range ( owman 1974), but generally <strong>the</strong>y aretoo small to show. Some were emplaced during <strong>the</strong> EarlyOrdo ician ( ibson reland 1996).Late Devonian to Carboniferous plutonic roc sn <strong>the</strong> mid-Paleozoic, se eral distinct suites <strong>of</strong> plutonicrocks were emplaced into <strong>Fiordland</strong> (Tulloch imbrough2003; Allibone et al. 2007, 2009a,c; Tulloch et al. 2009a).Late De onian to Carboniferous plutons form a beltthrough central <strong>Fiordland</strong> in <strong>the</strong> western (inboard) part <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> edian atholith. inor Carboniferous diorite andgranitoid plutons also occur in <strong>the</strong> eastern (outboard) part <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> batholith, separated by oluminous esozoic plutonicrocks. The Paleozoic plutonic rocks comprise <strong>the</strong> -typeParinga and Tobin suites; <strong>the</strong> S-type aramea and Ridgesuites; <strong>the</strong> A-type Foulwind Suite; and S A-type granitoids<strong>of</strong> south-central <strong>Fiordland</strong> typified by <strong>the</strong> Housero<strong>of</strong> Pluton.These rocks represent a new phase <strong>of</strong> magmatism in <strong>the</strong><strong>Fiordland</strong> segment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western Pro ince.Paringa SuiteThe two Paringa Suite plutons mapped in <strong>Fiordland</strong> lieimmediately south <strong>of</strong> Dusky Sound. The 374 3 aMt Solitary granodiorite (Dps) (informal; Ward 1984;Da ids 1999; Powell 2006) comprises massi e to foliated,medium-grained biotite leucogranodiorite and minortonalite. t Solitary granodiorite intrudes Cameron andEdgecumbe roup rocks, which are locally hornfelsed near30<strong>the</strong> contact. The adjacent but younger Dolphin IntrusiveComple (Dpd; Ward 1984; Da ids 1999, Tulloch et al.2009a), dated at 360.7 2.1 a, consists <strong>of</strong> hornblendebiotitediorite, quartz diorite, biotite granodiorite, tonalite,and granite, with peridotite and hornblende xenoliths in <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn part. Some Arthur Ri er Complex rocks in nor<strong>the</strong>rn<strong>Fiordland</strong> may ha e Paringa Suite protoliths (Tulloch et al.2009c; see below). Paringa Suite rocks are distinguishedfrom o<strong>the</strong>r De onian-Carboniferous suites by <strong>the</strong>ir widecompositional range, high Sr Y (HiSY) ratios, and -typemineralogy and geochemistry (Tulloch et al. 2009a).Ridge SuiteThe Ridge Suite is <strong>the</strong> most extensi e Paleozoic plutonicsuite in <strong>Fiordland</strong> (Fig. 27). t is widespread in sou<strong>the</strong>rn<strong>Fiordland</strong>, intruding both uller and Takaka terranes. Somestrongly deformed, poorly known granitic rocks within <strong>the</strong>Arthur Ri er Complex (Tulloch et al. 2009c) may also bepart <strong>of</strong> this suite. Ridge Suite dikes and plugs extend as fareast as <strong>the</strong> rebe Fault in <strong>the</strong> Princess ountains, but ha enot been found in <strong>the</strong> outboard part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edian atholith.Numerous indi idual plutons are mapped, including <strong>the</strong>ig (Crb), Widgeon (Drw) and eanie (Dr ) plutons,<strong>the</strong> Horatio (Crh) and intail (Cr ) orthogneisses,<strong>the</strong> All Round (Cra) and Staircase tonalites (&rs), and<strong>the</strong> Gardner urn (&rg), Hauro o (Drh) and Merrie(&rm) granites ( ibson 1982; Ward 1984; Ladley 1998;Allibone et al. 2007; Tulloch et al. 2009a; Allibone et al.2009a,c). Ridge Suite plutons comprise biotite musco itegarnet tonalite, granodiorite, granite and monzogranite.Titanite and rare magmatic epidote occur in some moremafic tonalites and granodiorites. Most Ridge Suiteplutons are medium-grained, equigranular, massi e or onlyweakly foliated, and cut penetrati e structures in adjacentmetasediments (Allibone et al. 2007, 2009a). Foliation islocally more strongly de eloped, for example, within <strong>the</strong>intail Orthogneiss abo e <strong>the</strong> Dusky Track, and within<strong>the</strong> All Round Tonalite on Secretary sland. An extensi ezone <strong>of</strong> cataclasis o erprints ig Pluton on <strong>the</strong> south coast.
Figure 29 Granite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> idgeon Pluton (Devonian-Carboniferous, Ridge Suite) in <strong>the</strong> Dark Cloud Range has a weakfoliation (dipping to <strong>the</strong> right). The granite encloses numerous darker, preferentially wea<strong>the</strong>ring sheets <strong>of</strong> metasedimentarygneiss (Paleozoic, Buller terrane) parallel to <strong>the</strong> foliation (arrowed, and in <strong>the</strong> foreground).Figure 30 A 20-cm-long boulder <strong>of</strong> Newton River Pluton biotite granite, <strong>of</strong> Carboniferous age, beside <strong>the</strong> Newton River.The coarse texture and large K-feldspar crystals are characteristic. Pebbles <strong>of</strong> granite, and fine-grained dark grey pebbles<strong>of</strong> Fanny Bay Group metamudstone, rest on pillars <strong>of</strong> unconsolidated sand above <strong>the</strong> boulder. The pebbles have protected<strong>the</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t sand from eroding during heavy rain.31
- Page 1 and 2: 1 : 2 5 0 0 0 0 G e o l o g i c a l
- Page 3 and 4: Geology of theFiordland AreaScale 1
- Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSABSTRACT ..................
- Page 7 and 8: FrontispieceA pekapeka (neck pendan
- Page 9 and 10: Fiordland’s proximity to the acti
- Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTIONTHE QMAP SERIESThis geo
- Page 13 and 14: ThesesPublished papersPublished map
- Page 15 and 16: GEOMORPHOLOGYThe uplifted Fiordland
- Page 17 and 18: TributaryglaciersTrunkglaciersQuate
- Page 19 and 20: to 14 000 years BP, when the major
- Page 21 and 22: Figure 10 A fossil marine arch, ero
- Page 23 and 24: Figure 14 The northern Fiordland co
- Page 25 and 26: STRATIGRAPHYPaleozoic metasedimenta
- Page 28 and 29: ABCFigure 17 dgecumbe Group formati
- Page 30 and 31: thin marble (Fig. 18C), with interb
- Page 32 and 33: quartzofeldspathic biotite gneiss,
- Page 34 and 35: ACBFigure 23 Ordovician Fanny Bay G
- Page 36 and 37: Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of unce
- Page 38 and 39: 28PERMIAN TO URASSIC SEDIMENTARY AN
- Page 42 and 43: etasedimentary xenoliths are common
- Page 44 and 45: Late Triassic to Cretaceous plutoni
- Page 46 and 47: heterogeneous, metre- to kilometre-
- Page 48 and 49: The Malaspina Pluton ( wm; 117-114
- Page 50 and 51: granite, leucogranite and tonalite
- Page 52 and 53: and comprises weakly foliated, loca
- Page 54 and 55: sedimentary rocks extend offshore t
- Page 56 and 57: AFigure 47 ocene sedimentary rocks
- Page 58 and 59: Figure 49 Oligocene sedimentary roc
- Page 60 and 61: graded sandstone and mudstone (Cart
- Page 62 and 63: sequence of Oligocene graded sandst
- Page 64 and 65: oup, and is restricted to the area
- Page 66 and 67: QUATERNARYExtensi e Quaternary depo
- Page 68 and 69: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !! ! !!
- Page 70 and 71: y the present-day coast. The ice le
- Page 72 and 73: eorge Sound, and remnants of well-r
- Page 74 and 75: TECTONIC HISTORYFiordland has a lon
- Page 76 and 77: A B CDFigure 65 Fiordland plutonic
- Page 78 and 79: Major active faultsOffshore volcani
- Page 80 and 81: a zone of amphibolite facies gneiss
- Page 82 and 83: GEOLOGICAL RESOURCESAlmost the whol
- Page 84 and 85: HydrocarbonsSequences within the Cr
- Page 86 and 87: ENGINEERING GEOLOGYThis section pro
- Page 88 and 89: GEOLOGICAL HA ARDSThe numerous geol
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NDCenozoic to Holocene faultsABCact
- Page 92 and 93:
The most frequent landslide hazard
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earthquakes along the Puysegur subd
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ACNOWLEDGMENTSapping of Fiordland w
- Page 98 and 99:
ishop, D. . 1991: High-le el marine
- Page 100 and 101:
Ewing, T.A.; Weaver, S.D.; Bradshaw
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Lee, W. .; Ward, C. .; Wilson, . .
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Schacht, B. 1984: Interpretation re
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Ward, C. . 1986: Speculations on th
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The geology of Fiordland is describ