A B CDFigure 65 <strong>Fiordland</strong> plutonic rocks, subdivided in terms <strong>of</strong> age.A: arly Paleozoic Gondwana margin: Latest Cambrian intrusions (purple) into Buller and Takaka terranes (blue and brown).B: Mid-Paleozoic plutonism (red) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ridge, aramea, Foulwind, Tobin, and Paringa suites, and Arthur River Comple . Host terranes in grey.C: Triassic to arly Cretaceous plutonism (blue) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Darran Suite, and various syenogranites. Paleozoic host rocks in grey.D: arly Cretaceous plutonism (green) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Separation Point Suite and estern <strong>Fiordland</strong> Orthogneiss. Paleozoic and Mesozoic host rocks in grey.66
Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary cover, unmetamorphosedor with zeolite facies assemblages in deep sedimentary basinsUnmetamorphosed Cretaceous plutonic rocks(mostly Separation Point Suite, o<strong>the</strong>r thanRefrigerator Orthogneiss)Later Cretaceous greenschist facies in McKerrIntrusives, and overprinting Cretaceous andPaleozoic amphibolite facies in Anita Shear ZoneEarly Cretaceous high-T, moderate-low-Pamphibolite facies between Dusky Soundand Chalky InletEarly Cretaceous retrogradeamphibolite facies assemblagesin Western <strong>Fiordland</strong>Orthogneiss0 km30High-P granulite-amphibolite facies rocks <strong>of</strong>western <strong>Fiordland</strong> formed between c. 116-105MaMedium to high- P (7-9 kbar) amphibolite facies,commonly within Jurassic-Cretaceous gneissicplutonic rocksHigh-P amphibolite facies,locally with high-Pgarnet granulite facies in Arthur River ComplexTwo-pyroxene (hornblende) granulite facies,locally overprinted by high-P garnet granuliteassemblagesEclogite and omphacite-granulite faciesMetastable Carboniferous amphibolite facieswithin <strong>the</strong> high-P granulite facies aureole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Western <strong>Fiordland</strong> Orthogneiss.Overprinted bygarnet granulite assemblages near <strong>the</strong> contactJurassic-Early Cretaceous metamorphismin eastern <strong>Fiordland</strong>Amphibolite facies metaplutonic and raremetasedimentary rocks, interspersed withunmetamorphosed plutonic rocksPrehnite-pumpellyite to greenschist faciesmetavolcanic and plutonic rocksRocks which generally retain unmodified Paleozoicmetamorphic or igneous mineral assemblagesMassive to variably foliated Carboniferous plutonicrocks which generally retain igneous mineralogyDevonian-Carboniferous mid to upper amphibolitefacies,including earlier high-T / low-P and laterhigher-P assemblagesDevonian-Carboniferous lower amphibolite facies,locally overprinted by Carboniferous, Jurassicand Early Cretaceous amphibolite facies aureolesDevonian-Carboniferous greenschist faciesFigure 66 Simplified map <strong>of</strong> metamorphic phases and facies in <strong>Fiordland</strong>. There is considerable uncertainty in <strong>the</strong> position<strong>of</strong> some metamorphic boundaries, and overprinting has largely obliterated traces <strong>of</strong> some early metamorphic events.One, and possibly three, periods <strong>of</strong> regional metamorphism (lower to upper amphibolite facies) affected arly Paleozoicmetasedimentary rocks from <strong>the</strong> Devonian to <strong>the</strong> Carboniferous. These rocks are also locally overprinted by contactmetamorphic aureoles <strong>of</strong> amphibolite facies hornfelses ranging in age from Carboniferous to Jurassic and arly Cretaceous.Jurassic to arly Cretaceous metamorphism (prehnite-pumpellyite, greenschist and amphibolite facies) is recorded withineastern <strong>Fiordland</strong> metasedimentary and plutonic rocks. In western <strong>Fiordland</strong>, medium- to high-pressure amphibolite,hornblende- and garnet-granulite, and eclogite facies assemblages were developed between 116 Ma and 105 Ma withinestern <strong>Fiordland</strong> Orthogneiss plutons, Arthur River Comple , and locally within adjacent Paleozoic metasediments. Anarly Cretaceous metamorphic event (high-temperature amphibolite facies) locally affected Paleozoic metasedimentsbetween Resolution Island and Chalky Inlet. Both local and regionally e tensive zeolite facies assemblages occur withinCenozoic sedimentary rocks in <strong>the</strong> aiau and Te Anau basins.67
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1 : 2 5 0 0 0 0 G e o l o g i c a l
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Geology of theFiordland AreaScale 1
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CONTENTSABSTRACT ..................
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FrontispieceA pekapeka (neck pendan
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Fiordland’s proximity to the acti
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INTRODUCTIONTHE QMAP SERIESThis geo
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ThesesPublished papersPublished map
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GEOMORPHOLOGYThe uplifted Fiordland
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TributaryglaciersTrunkglaciersQuate
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to 14 000 years BP, when the major
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Figure 10 A fossil marine arch, ero
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Figure 14 The northern Fiordland co
- Page 25 and 26: STRATIGRAPHYPaleozoic metasedimenta
- Page 28 and 29: ABCFigure 17 dgecumbe Group formati
- Page 30 and 31: thin marble (Fig. 18C), with interb
- Page 32 and 33: quartzofeldspathic biotite gneiss,
- Page 34 and 35: ACBFigure 23 Ordovician Fanny Bay G
- Page 36 and 37: Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of unce
- Page 38 and 39: 28PERMIAN TO URASSIC SEDIMENTARY AN
- Page 40 and 41: Figure 28 Latest Cambrian to earlie
- Page 42 and 43: etasedimentary xenoliths are common
- Page 44 and 45: Late Triassic to Cretaceous plutoni
- Page 46 and 47: heterogeneous, metre- to kilometre-
- Page 48 and 49: The Malaspina Pluton ( wm; 117-114
- Page 50 and 51: granite, leucogranite and tonalite
- Page 52 and 53: and comprises weakly foliated, loca
- Page 54 and 55: sedimentary rocks extend offshore t
- Page 56 and 57: AFigure 47 ocene sedimentary rocks
- Page 58 and 59: Figure 49 Oligocene sedimentary roc
- Page 60 and 61: graded sandstone and mudstone (Cart
- Page 62 and 63: sequence of Oligocene graded sandst
- Page 64 and 65: oup, and is restricted to the area
- Page 66 and 67: QUATERNARYExtensi e Quaternary depo
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- Page 70 and 71: y the present-day coast. The ice le
- Page 72 and 73: eorge Sound, and remnants of well-r
- Page 74 and 75: TECTONIC HISTORYFiordland has a lon
- Page 78 and 79: Major active faultsOffshore volcani
- Page 80 and 81: a zone of amphibolite facies gneiss
- Page 82 and 83: GEOLOGICAL RESOURCESAlmost the whol
- Page 84 and 85: HydrocarbonsSequences within the Cr
- Page 86 and 87: ENGINEERING GEOLOGYThis section pro
- Page 88 and 89: GEOLOGICAL HA ARDSThe numerous geol
- Page 90 and 91: NDCenozoic to Holocene faultsABCact
- Page 92 and 93: The most frequent landslide hazard
- Page 94 and 95: earthquakes along the Puysegur subd
- Page 96 and 97: ACNOWLEDGMENTSapping of Fiordland w
- Page 98 and 99: ishop, D. . 1991: High-le el marine
- Page 100 and 101: Ewing, T.A.; Weaver, S.D.; Bradshaw
- Page 102 and 103: Lee, W. .; Ward, C. .; Wilson, . .
- Page 104 and 105: Schacht, B. 1984: Interpretation re
- Page 106 and 107: Ward, C. . 1986: Speculations on th
- Page 108: The geology of Fiordland is describ
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