From 'grey to green'- investigating the capabilities of the ... - lumes

case example resembles the ‘ideal type’ and how these differ. In this comparative case the ‘ideal type’ is auseful conception of reality as it brings order to the analysis and brings up key features of the object that isanalysed.The thesis will also strive to investigate the action of actors within the ‘ideal type’ organisation;the actor analysis will also be based on a model approach based on Lundquists (1987) implementationtheory. Where a model for ideal implementation is identified this next level gives further understanding ofthe organisation and the actors within it. Lundquists model will also serve as an analytical tool to describethe impacts that the SYNAPS program has on the ideal implementation based on an actor structure.The thesis will use empirical theory and address the question ‘what has been, is, and what in due coursemay be the out come and why it is so’ (Lundquist 1987:20).The organisational theory will derive from what one refers to as prescriptive theory, whatLundquist defines as Weberian categories which founds its ideas about the organisation on values asrationality, hierarchy and central coordination (Lundquist 1987: 21). The thesis will use two types ofheuristic theories in analysing the empirical material gathered from the case of Region Skåne toinvestigate what changes based on actor structure approach that has occurred in the case of Region Skåne.Using heuristic approach is especially fruitful when analysing organisations and bureaucratic institutionsas the concept of the organisation in many ways have been in one way or another derived from Weber’s‘ideal type’ theory about the bureaucratic system (Lundquist 1993:82). One must consider that ‘ideal type’is not the reality but are constructions of reality and should not be seen as reality (Lundquist 1993:84).However, using theory on empirical material can lead to a constructive theory that can be applied uponreality. The use of organisational theory gives a macro perspective (Robbins et al 2002:28).Using heuristic ‘ideal type’s such as Weber’s theory regarding bureaucracy is profitable in thesense that is serves as a model of understanding and organising reality. Weber is amongst those thatdeveloped the heuristic approach further beyond that positivistic natural science field and applied it uponsocial structures, where it was used to increase the understanding of reality. In difference from naturalscience based set theories Weber saw the heuristic model where one integrates the theoretical ‘ideal type’into the empirical material (Jörgensen 2004:90). The key concept for this process is being Weber’s versionof Verstehen. This notion Weber claimed to be a process of using heuristic modelling to understand thesocial processes and that the model creates a meeting point to use common grounds and concepts. Theseconcepts can then be used to increase the understanding of the social processes and the reality of them.Although Weber’s models serve as generalisations they are not to be seen as reductions of social events togeneral laws, a type of process that natural science applies in its field of work (Jörgensen 2004:90). Onemust be aware Weber acknowledged that building heuristic model would lead to a reduction of reality, butinstead he saw the benefits of creating rather empty concepts within the theories though that this processesgives a higher precision and acceptance within the field of sociology when creating these concepts (Webercited in Jörgensen 2004:90). The heuristic approach used by Weber is therefore a merge of both thepositivistic approach of using laws and generalisation but also merging the specific within every event oneanalyses. The use of ‘ideal type’s that Weber defined also serves as a methodological tool; this will beaddressed in the next section.Weber addressed in his theories the concept of the bureaucratic organisation based on a macroperspective, this will in this thesis be complimented with Lundquists theories regarding actor approach.Lundquist used the same theoretical approach based on heuristic modelling that will be defined later in thisthesis. However, his approach is based on the actions taken by actors within the bureaucratic organisation.This will increase the understanding further about the actions within an organisation and will provide withdeeper understanding at the actor level.This thesis will address the issues with making change happen within the bureaucratic society in aWestern bureaucratic setting, using organisational theory as well as implementation theory this thesis willanalyse Region Skånes path in trying to implement SD in the Region. The theoretical perspective used inthis thesis is therefore used to make an abstraction of the current setting and the empirical material is usedas evaluation of this current setting and the changes that the case of region Skåne has inflicted upon thecurrent setting based on the theoretical approaches. Therefore the impacts of Region Skåne’s work toincrease policy implementation will be analysed through the structure of the reality provided based on theheuristic ‘ideal type’s’. This provides with a further understanding of the process taking place within the10