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566Fig. 2. Fault map (located in Fig. 1) of the central section of the Zagros Main Recent Fault with major archaeological sites (®lled triangles). Meizoseismal areas of the 20th century AD earthquakes (MMIisoseismals marked with intensity) and macroseismic epicenters (®lled diamonds) of the pre-20th century AD historical earthquakes, together with the date of each event and its estimated M s magnitude, are alsoshown. Isoseismals (MMI) for the 1957, the 1958, and the 1963 earthquakes were taken from Ambraseys et al. (1973) and Ambraseys and Moinfar (1974a,b). The apparent NE±SW elongation of the 1963isoseismal (Ambraseys and Moinfar, 1974a) may not necessarily infer a direction of faulting. It seems that for this moderate-magnitude earthquake the damage is in¯uenced by the NE±SW trend of the QarachayRiver valley. The 1957 (the Sahneh and Dinevar strands of the ZMRF) and the 1958 (the Nahavand and Garrin strands) earthquake ruptures are shown by thicker lines. Faults based on Berberian (1995b). The1957 and 1958 focal mechanisms are from Shirokova (1962); the 1963 solutions are from Ni and Barazangi (1986) (N 1 B86 with waveform modeling indicating a depth of 8 km) and Jackson and McKenzie(1984) (J 1 M84); 1987 is the CMT solution from Harvard. Because of differences in ®rst motions and S-wave polarization of the 1963 fault plane solutions, both mechanisms of N 1 B86 and J 1 M84 arepresented. The early fault plane solutions were based on the published short-period polarities, and it is not possible to assess the reliability of these early solutions. Fault symbols are as in Fig. 1.M. Berberian, R.S. Yeats / Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 563±584
Table 1Summary of archaeological and earthquake information of the Godin, Giyan, Kangavar, and Dinevar archaeological sites adjacent to the Zagros Main Recent Fault in the Dinevar±Nahavand region (see Fig. 2)Approximate date Godin Giyan Kangavar Dinevar Earthquakes (and faults) Cultural event1963 VII at Godin VII at Kangavar IV at Dinevar 1963.03.24 (5.8) 22 villages destroyed1958 VII at Dinevar 1958.09.21 (5.2) 5 villages destroyed and 16 killednear Dinevar1958 VII at Godin VI at Giyan VII at Kangavar VI at Dinevar 1958.08.16 (6.6), 1958.08.14 Firuzabad 1 170 villages destroyed(5.7) (Nahavand and Garrin)1957 VII at Godin VI at Giyan VII at Kangavar VII 1 at Dinevar 1957.12.13 (6.7) (Sahneh andDinevar?)Farsinaj, Kangavar 1 211 villagesdestroyed, 1130 killed1384 Dinevar destroyed Invasion of Timur1218±1256 Invasion of Mongols1107 Water springs dried up towardend of Seljuk dynasty, possiblydue to the 1107 earthquakeVIII 1 at Dinevar 1107.09.00 (6.5) Kargsar±Dinevar regiondestroyed, large number ofpeople perished1008 IX at Dinevar 1008.04.27 (7.0) Dinevar destroyed, 16,000 killedc. 636±642 Destruction and ®re; 200 yearsgapEarly Islamic invasionBefore 640 Ancient Dinevarwas built on anearlier town224±549 AD Major mid-Sassanian (459±485)reconstruction: ®re anddestruction (c. 250)224±459 AD Kangavarearthquake336±330 BC GAP Invasion of Alexander-III ofMacedoniac. 550 BC Construction of Anahita Templec. 1400±550 BC Godin III-1 to IIc. 1300±1000 BC Iron Ic. 1400±1300 BC Godin III:1c. 1600±1400 BC Post III:2 Graves IIa-bc. 1650±1600 BC Complete destruction ofGodin, Gap . Godin Earthquake (c. 1650±1600 BC)Complete destruction of Godinand Giyanc. 1850±1650 BC Godin III:2 III.IVCc. 1900±1850 BC , Gap . ,Gap .c. 2100±1900 BC Godin III:4 IVAc. 2200±2100 BC , Gap . ,Gap .c. 2400-2200 BC Godin III:5c. 2600-2400 BC Godin III:6 , Gap ., Gap . Marked erosion surface Partial abandonment at the end ofGodin IV occupationc. 4100±2600 BC Godin X to IV Giyan VC1 to IVc. 5500-4100 BC Shahnabad (Seh Gabi) Giyan VB (4500±3900 BC),Giyan VA (4800±4500 BC)M. Berberian, R.S. Yeats / Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 563±584 567
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