Antropomotoryka nr 51 - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

The influence of physical effort in warm conditions on changing the white blood cells number in training...Table 4. Changes in body mass observed in trained (T) and non-trained (N) group after Kubica’s testTrained (T), n = 10 Non-trained (N), n = 10Before After ∆ Before After ∆BM (kg)–x ± SD 67,78 ± 5,35 66,98 ± 5,36* (–) 0,8 ± 0,16 72,51 ± 8,56 71,99 ± 8,46* (–) 0,52 ± 0,15%BM (–) 1,2% (–) 0,72%Data are mean ± standard deviation.# Difference between the T/N group; p < 0,05Figure 1. Changes in plasma volume after the Kubica’s test in trained (T) and non-trained (N) menΔ% PV–xTrained (T)Non-trained (N)–10,5 –8±SD 3,2 1,7Data are mean ± standard deviation.Table 5 presents data concerning quantitativechanges of the total number of leukocytes (WBC) andtheir particular populations (NEUT, LYMPH, MONO,EOS, BASO) before and after the Kubica’s test in athletesand untrained participants.Physical effort in the environment of high temperatureand humidity caused changes in the total numberof white blood cells both in athletes and untrained men.The number of leukocytes increased significantly inrunners. In untrained participants this increase was notsignificant statistically.Both groups demonstrated a statistically significantincrease of neutrocyte population in blood. Mean riseof neutrocytes number in runners was higher than inuntrained persons.Changes in the number of lymphocytes after ex--amination look slightly different. In middle-distancerunners, the increase of lymphocyte population wasstatistically significant. In untrained men the number oflymphocytes decreased. However, this decrease wasnot statistically significant.Physical activity performed in high temperatureand humidity did not cause quantitative changes inmonocyte population in untrained men. In athletes, thenumber of monocytes increased slightly. However, thisincrease was not statistically significant.Statistically significant changes were observedin population of eosinophils in both groups after theKubica’s test. In the group of trained men, there was anincrease of eosinophils. A slight decrease in the numberof eosinophils was observed in untrained participants.No changes were observed in the number of basophilesin untrained men after the test, whereas a slightincrease of the number of basophiles was detected inathletes.The comparison between the lymphocyte and neutrocyteproportion after the Kubica’s test revealed theratio change of these cells in untrained participants.The number of lymphocytes decreased, and the numberof neutrocyte increased. These changes were notstatistically significant.DiscussionThe research results concerning the changes in plasmavolume indicate that dehydration caused by the physicaleffort in high temperature is depended on the levelof fitness. Dehydration manifested itself as plasma volumereduction and weight loss after physical activity.The group of untrained men showed smaller plasmavolume and smaller weight loss than the group of athleticparticipants. Higher weight loss and greater reductionof plasma volume in athletes could result from theirhigher body water percentage. Many authors provethat regular physical activity leads to the increase inplasma volume and the expansion of muscle and skincapillaries [13, 14]. Long-term endurance training mayalso influence the growth rate of body temperature. Itwas showed that in the group of athletes the body temperaturerises slowly because their bodies initiate thethermoregulatory mechanisms in the early stages ofexercising. In athletic people, heat loss through sweat– 65 –