What is in Coca-Cola? A briefing on our ingredients

For more <strong>in</strong>formation1) Institute of Medic<strong>in</strong>e of the NationalAcademy of Sciences. DietaryReference Intakes for water,potassium, sodium, chloride andsulfate. 2004: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx2) International Life Sciences Institute.Hydration: Fluids for Life, 2004.http://www.ilsi.org/NA/Publications/Hydration_20Fluids_20for_20Life.pdf3) ILSI North America Conference onHydration and Health Promotion.Journal American College ofNutrition, October 2007 Volume 26Supplement4) European Food Safety Authority.Scientific Op<strong>in</strong>ion on DietaryReference Values for Water, 2010.http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/doc/1459.pdf5) Impaired cognitive function andmental performance <strong>in</strong> milddehydration”, M-M G Wilson and J EMorley, European Journal of Cl<strong>in</strong>icalNutrition (2003)6) Cuomo R, et al. Sweetenedcarbonated dr<strong>in</strong>ks do not alter upperdigestive tract physiology <strong>in</strong> healthysubjects. Neurogastroenterol Motil.2008 Jul;20(7):780-9. Epub 2008Mar 26.7) Cuomo R, et al. Carbonatedbeverages and gastro<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>alsystem: Between myth and reality.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc D<strong>is</strong>. 2009Dec;19(10):683-9. Epub 2009 Jun 68) Johnson T, L Gerson, T Hershcovici,C Stave, R. Fass. Systematic review:the effects of carbonated beverageson gastro-oesophageal refluxd<strong>is</strong>ease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2010 Jan ;31, 607-614.9) www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/contribut<strong>in</strong>g_factors.htm10) www.who.<strong>in</strong>t/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/<strong>in</strong>dex.html11) International Diabetes Federation.http://www.idf.org/about-diabetes -http://www.idf.org/prevention12) American Diabetes Association.Diabetes Myths. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-myths/13) www.nuritiondata.com14) Tolerable upper <strong>in</strong>take levels forvitam<strong>in</strong>s and m<strong>in</strong>erals. February2006. EFSA Scientific Committee onFood. Scientific Panel on DieteticProducts, Nutrition and Allergies15) Op<strong>in</strong>ion of the Scientific Committeeon Food on the rev<strong>is</strong>ion of referencevalues for nutrition label<strong>in</strong>g(expressed on 5 March 2003)16) “A prospective study of dietarycalcium and other nutrients and ther<strong>is</strong>k of symptomatic kidney stones.”by Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB,Stampfer MJ New England JournalMedic<strong>in</strong>e 1993;328(12):833-838. Thestudy states, “Sodium, magnesium,phosphorus, sucrose, fiber, andsugared cola were not associatedwith r<strong>is</strong>k when we controlled forpotential confounders.”17) National Institutes of Health, Optimalcalcium <strong>in</strong>take, Journal AmericanMedical Association, 272:1942-1948,(1994)18) www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth/content.html19) National Institutes of Health.Consensus Development ConferenceStatement, Optimal Calcium Intake,1994: http://consensus.nih.gov/1994/1994OptimalCalcium097html.htm20) American Medical Association,Council on Scientific Affairs. Intakeof dietary calcium to reduce the<strong>in</strong>cidence of osteoporos<strong>is</strong>. Archivesof Family Medic<strong>in</strong>e, 6:495-499,1997.21) Institute of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, NationalAcademy of Sciences. DietaryReference Intakes for calcium,phosphorus, magnesium, vitam<strong>in</strong>D, and fluoride. 1997. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5776&page=R122) National Institutes of Health.Consensus DevelopmentConference Statement, Osteoporos<strong>is</strong>Prevention, Diagnos<strong>is</strong>, and Therapy,2000: http://consensus.nih.gov/2000/2000Osteoporos<strong>is</strong>111html.htm23) Op<strong>in</strong>ion of the Scientific Committeeon Food on Additional <strong>in</strong>formationon “energy” dr<strong>in</strong>ks. 5 March 200324) Dawson-Hughes B and theInternational Osteoporos<strong>is</strong>Foundation. Bone Appétit: The Roleof Food and Nutrition <strong>in</strong> Build<strong>in</strong>gand Ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Strong Bones.2006. Available at http://www.iofbonehealth.org/publications/bone-appetit.html.25) International Food InformationCouncil. IFIC Review: Caffe<strong>in</strong>e &Health: Clarify<strong>in</strong>g the Controversies.May 1, 2008. Available at: http://www.food<strong>in</strong>sight.org/Resources/Detail.aspx?topic=IFIC_Review_Caffe<strong>in</strong>e_and_Health_Clarify<strong>in</strong>g_the_Controversies.26) Institute of Medic<strong>in</strong>e of the NationalAcademy of Sciences (IOM/NAS).Dietary Reference Intakes: Water,Potassium, Sodium, Chloride andSulfate. Released February 11, 2004.Available at: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx26 27