On the Hoof - Livestock Trade in Darfur

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major grievance amongst livestock traders is thatthey see little benefit from paying inflated taxes interms of improved market infrastructure orservices. Instead, much of the market infrastructurein Darfur and along the trekking routesappears to be deteriorating.No livestock traders interviewed for this studyin Darfur had accessed formal credit, a majorconstraint to livestock trading, as the amount ofcapital needed to trade has soared during theconflict years. Although the livestock marketingsystem in Darfur and Omdurman has longdepended upon informal credit arrangements,these carry their own risks, and some traders havegone out of business when others have defaultedon payments on credit.Cross-border trade with Libya, Chad, andCAR has long been a feature of Darfur’s livestocktrade, much of it informal. Although Egypt isofficially Sudan’s most important market for theexport of camels, in Darfur the export trade toLibya is currently preferred, mainly because of theinformality of the trade and lack of regulation.Recent political upheavals in both Egypt andLibya temporarily disrupted the camel trade,although it has since resumed. Cross-border tradein livestock between West Darfur and Chad wasalso disrupted by political hostilities between therespective governments, but has resumed since2010. There has been some shift in market activityduring the conflict years away from the longdistancetrade of animals, with its associated risks,to the local slaughter of livestock to meet Darfur’sgrowing demand for meat. The rapid and distortedprocess of urbanization in Darfur during theconflict years has triggered an emerging andimportant local meat industry.Despite Darfur’s prominence as one ofSudan’s most important livestock-producing areasand as a major contributor to livestock exports,the region has only one poorly functioningslaughterhouse, located in Nyala. Plans to constructa new abattoir in Nyala are progressing veryslowly, and an abattoir constructed in Geneina hasnever been completed, yet such facilities couldplay a critical role in stimulating Darfur’s livestocktrade and in efficiency gains if livestock no longerhad to be trekked on the hoof to Omdurman,especially during the dry season.Trade in hides and skins, an importantby-product of the livestock trade, has flourished inDarfur during the conflict years, mainly focusedon West Africa. Most of the hides and skins areexported directly, for example through El Fasherand Geneina, and transported overland.Although there are some such positive trendsto report, the overall picture that emerges is ofmany inefficiencies in the way that Darfur’slivestock are currently traded, exacerbated by themuch-increased trading costs associated with theconflict, which further reduces the competitivenessof Sudan’s livestock exports. The livestocksector and livestock trade will be critical to theeventual recovery of Darfur’s economy and to therecovery of rural livelihoods. Planning on how tosupport such a recovery, as inclusively as possible,can start now.8
SUDAN: Darfur - Markets covered under this studySeptember 2012LibyaEgyptChadSudanEritreaEthiopiaC.A.R.South SudanNORTH DARFUREl MalhaCHADEl GeneinaSaraf Omra!El FasherWEST DARFURZalingeiTeraijNORTHKORDOFANFora BorangaCENTER DARFURSilgoUmlabbasaNyalaSOUTH DARFURMarkundiAssalayaEd DaienUmm DukhnRehaid Al BerdiRajajAboriEl TomatEl FurdosAbujabra AbumatarigAbusenaidraSOUTHKORDOFANCAREAST DARFURLEGENDMarkets coveredPrimary RoadSecondary RoadState boundaryInternational boundaryAbyei AreaUndetermined boundarySOUTH SUDAN30 kmCreation date: 11 September 2012 Sources: Boundary(CBS,IMWG), Settlement(OCHA).Map created by OCHAThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. Final status of the Abyei area is not yet determined.June 2012 • ON THE HOOF: The Livestock Trade In Darfur 9
Page 1 and 2: On the HoofLivestock Trade in Darfu
Page 3 and 4: On the HoofLivestock Trade in Darfu
Page 6 and 7: 9. Trade in hides and skins........
Page 10 and 11: 1. Introduction1.1 Why this study?L
Page 12 and 13: 3. A review of official statistics
Page 14 and 15: 2. An overview of Sudan’s livesto
Page 16 and 17: The main methods for exporting live
Page 18 and 19: as other exporting countries with m
Page 20 and 21: mandate for promoting the livestock
Page 22 and 23: (6) Limited or no access by livesto
Page 24 and 25: Figure 8. The livestock marketing c
Page 26 and 27: Box 3.A brief overview of the confl
Page 28 and 29: particularly badly hit by the confl
Page 30 and 31: continuing to function relatively u
Page 32 and 33: Box 5.A case study of Tomat, an exp
Page 34 and 35: 34cash, which leaves them vulnerabl
Page 36 and 37: 5. The changing profile of livestoc
Page 38 and 39: years—see section 3.2 above—thi
Page 40 and 41: 6. The costs of trading and access
Page 42 and 43: checkpoints were the number one cos
Page 44 and 45: 7. Livestock production and market
Page 46 and 47: 46Nyala area has increased the supp
Page 48 and 49: capital each requires (Young et al.
Page 50 and 51: 9.Trade in hides and skinsTrade in
Page 52 and 53: 10. Conclusions and recommendations
Page 55 and 56: with a longer-term perspective. For
Page 57 and 58: ACRONYMSABSAMISARBARPCAPECARCBOCBSD
Page 59 and 60:
Fahey, D. and D. K. Leonard. 2007.
Page 61 and 62:
Annex 1. Research team carrying out
Page 63 and 64:
Annex 2. Analysis of trading costs
Page 65 and 66:
5. Trading costs for cattle traded
Page 67 and 68:
Further technical information may b
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On the Hoof - Livestock Trade in Darfur

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