Statistical Physics

VIIIContents3.2 PartitionFunction....................................... 383.3 FreeEnergy ............................................ 393.4 InternalEnergy ......................................... 413.5 Thermodynamic FunctionsandLegendreTransformations ............................ 423.6 MaxwellRelations....................................... 43Part II Elementary Applications4 Ideal Gases ................................................ 474.1 QuantumMechanicsofaGasMolecule..................... 474.2 PhaseSpaceandtheNumberofMicroscopicStates.......... 494.3 EntropyofanIdealGas.................................. 514.4 Pressure of an Ideal Gas:QuantumMechanicalTreatment .......................... 544.5 Statistical-MechanicalTemperatureandPressure............ 554.6 PartitionFunctionofanIdealGas......................... 564.7 DiatomicMolecules...................................... 584.7.1 DecompositionofthePartitionFunction ............. 584.7.2 Center-of-Gravity Part: Z (CG) ...................... 604.7.3 Vibrational Part: Z (V) ............................. 614.7.4 Rotational Part: Z (R) .............................. 645 The Heat Capacity of a Solid,and Black-Body Radiation ................................. 675.1 HeatCapacityofaSolidI–EinsteinModel ................ 675.2 HeatCapacityofaSolidII–DebyeModel ................. 705.2.1 Collective Oscillations of the LatticeandtheInternalEnergy............................ 705.2.2 HeatCapacityatHighTemperature ................. 735.2.3 HeatCapacityatLowTemperature.................. 745.2.4 HeatCapacityatIntermediateTemperature .......... 745.2.5 Physical Explanation for the Temperature Dependence . 755.3 Black-BodyRadiation.................................... 765.3.1 Wien’sLawandStefan’sLaw....................... 765.3.2 EnergyofRadiationinaCavity..................... 775.3.3 SpectrumofLightEmittedfromaHole .............. 785.3.4 TheTemperatureoftheUniverse.................... 806 The Elasticity of Rubber .................................. 836.1 CharacteristicsofRubber ................................ 836.2 ModelofRubber ........................................ 846.3 EntropyofRubber ...................................... 856.4 Hooke’sLaw............................................ 86