Statistical Physics

206 Indexdensity of states 26diamond 75diatomic molecule 58dipole–dipole interaction 91dispersion relation 71domains 106Dulong–Petit law 67effective magnetic field 100Einstein model 67elasticity of rubber 83electric dipole moment 116electromagnetic radiation 77, 148energy 5energy of a harmonic oscillator 61energy of rotation 64energy of vibration 62entropy 24, 138, 154environment 5, 35equation of state 9equilibrium condition 28equipartition law 62Euler’s formula 48exchange interaction 90extensive state variable 5factorial function 185Fermi distribution function 152, 201Fermi energy 158Fermi gas 147Fermi momentum 158Fermi statistics 148Fermi surface 158Fermi temperature 160fermion 148fermion gas 151ferromagnetic phase 133ferromagnetism 89first law of thermodynamics 6first-order transition 115fixed boundary condition 197free energy 39, 137, 150gamma function 53gas constant 9Gaussian distribution function 14, 187Gaussian integral 187Gibbs free energy 43, 120Gibbs paradox 53grand partition function 150ground state 26gyromagnetic ratio 155hard-core repulsion 117harmonic oscillation 68harmonic oscillator 61heat 6heat bath 35heat capacity 8, 96, 103, 109, 138, 166,175heat capacity of a solid 67Heisenberg model 133Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 50helium 115helium-3 124Helmholtz free energy 39Hooke’s law 83Hund’s rules 90hyperbolic function 62, 195hypersphere 53, 193ideal Bose gas 151ideal Fermi gas 151ideal gas 10, 47, 147intensive state variable 5internal energy 6, 97, 138, 164, 173ionic crystal 118iron 90irreversible process 32Ising model 92, 97, 133Joule heating 6kinetic theory of gases 9Lagrange’s method of undeterminedmultipliers 191lambda transition temperature 115Landau free energy 135Landau’s theory 41latent heat 122lattice constant 71lattice point 67lattice vibrations 148law of equipartition 62lead 75Legendre transformation 42links 97long-range order 127