..14 Transactions.Society were accorded to Mr M'Farlan for the great trouble hehad taken in connection with this interesting <strong>and</strong> ancientmonument.Midsteeple Buildiiigs.—Mr Barbour, V.P., called the Society'sattention to the proposal of the Town Council to alter the apartmentin the basement of the Tower. On the motion of MrRutherford, Mr Barbour, V.P., Mr M'Dowall, <strong>and</strong> theSecretarywere appointed a sub-committee to memorialise the Town Councilon the subject.COMMITNICATIONS.I. Meteorological Notes for 1886. By Rev. W. Andson.The observations recorded in the accompanying table, <strong>and</strong>which form the subject of the following remarks, were taken atNewall Terrace, Dumfries, about 60 feet above sea level, <strong>and</strong>, asis customary, the barometric readings are corrected to 32° F. <strong>and</strong>for sea-level.Station— Newall Terrace, Dumfries. Year 1886.Self-Rko. Thkrm.IN Shade.Raix.JanuaryFebruary . .MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugust.September .OctoberNovember .December ..Year .s5P=!5Inch, Inch.30-42 29-12 1-.30 -29-9330-41 29-03 1-38 29-7930-28 29-05 1-23 •29-7730-36-29-60 0-76-29-9430-33-29-29 I-O4I29-8630-26 29-50 0-76|-29-9230-46;-29-51 0-9529-9630 -471-28 -89 1-58129-8030-64-29-13 1-51129-8230-47]-27-61 2-S6-29-57.30 -64*27 -61 3-03 29-8451-64868686278787177095678 81=^36-6325038294036304838264334.35-940-446-449.35-458-357-95349-842-132-470 46-2 !24S 9 S 3Inch.0-620-400-870-560-800-240-550-441-020-910-SO0-83Inch.4-582-03-1379•81•77-64-917917•58•431-02 40-63* Barometer out of order.Barometrical Observations.—The most remarkable fact in themeteorological record of the year was the sudden <strong>and</strong> excessivefall of the barometer on the 8th December. On the morning ofthe 7th it stood at 29-30 in.; at 9 a.m. of the 8th it had fallen to
Trannactions. 1528-40 in., at mid-day to 28-00 in., <strong>and</strong> about 6 p.m. it reachedthe extremely low point of 27-61 in., after which it began slowlyto rise till, at 9 p.m., the reading was 27-70 in. The depressionmoved from west to east—as such depressions for the most partdo—<strong>and</strong> had a very extensive area, embracing all the west ofEurope.Readings below 28-5 inches were observed in all partsof the kingdom, but the north of Irel<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> thesouth of Scotl<strong>and</strong> appear to have been the centre of the depression.At Belfast the reading at 1.30 p.m. was 27-38 in.; atDumfries about 6 p.m., 27-60 in.; <strong>and</strong> at Leith a little later,27-65 in. This circumstance—of the South of Scotl<strong>and</strong> being inthe centre of the depression—is probably the explanation of thefact that, though the barometer fell nearly asstorm of January, 1884, <strong>and</strong> inlow as in the greatsome places even lower, the forceof the wind was not nearly so great as in that destructive storm.In these cyclones, as they are called, it is well known that thewind, instead of blowing in a rectilinear direction, wliirls roundthe depressions, <strong>and</strong> is most violent at some distance from thecentre, or area of lowest pressure, which is often comparativelycalm. The south of Scotl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> north of Engl<strong>and</strong> appears toliave been the centre in this instance, but farther south, on thecoast of Wales <strong>and</strong> in the English Channel, there was a violentgale, which caused much destruction to shipping. For anexample of an opposite condition of barometrical pressure, oranti-cyclone, a term used to describe an extensive area of highpressure with slight gradients, the month of September may bereferred to, when for twelve successive days, from the 13th tothe 25th, with one exception, the barometer stoodabove 30 in.,culminating in 30-58 in. on the 15th. During that time therewere ten successive days on which no rain fell, from the 15th tothe 25th. A still better example was furnished by the latterpart of June <strong>and</strong> the beginning of July. From the 26th Juneto the 10th July, a period of fourteen days, the barometer rangedfrom 29-98 in. to 30-43 in., <strong>and</strong> during that time the winds werevery light, <strong>and</strong> only one-hundredth of an inch of rain fell. It isnot without reason, therefore, that a continuous high state of thebarometer is commonly associated with settled weather, for theperiod mentioned was by far the finest <strong>and</strong> warmest part of thesummer. The tlieory of meteorologists regarding these cyclones<strong>and</strong> anti-cyclones is that the atmospliere which envelopes theearth resembles an ocean, whicli, like the sea, is more or less
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Appendix. 77James Litiljohne, &c.,
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——;Appevi/ix. 79Manuscripts.
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—"——Appendii: 81Thomas Huttou
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APPENDIX B.LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE S
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