Elevation Design Guidelines - State of New Jersey

Table of Contents1. Introduction.......................................................1Hurricane Katrina and Historic Properties in Coastal Mississippi....... 1MDA Financial Assistance Programs................................................... 2Relationship of MDA Financial Assistance Programs toSection 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act....................... 2Purpose of Elevation Design Guidelines ............................................ 3Roles and Responsibilities................................................................... 4Elevation Action Alternatives.............................................................. 5Elevation Design Review Process....................................................... 5Working with an Elevation Design Consultant .................................. 6How to Complete a Successful Elevation Project............................... 6Organization and Use of these Elevation Design Guidelines ............ 72. Site Design Guidelines.....................................8Site Elevation and Topography........................................................... 9Parcel Configuration and Access........................................................ 9Building Footprint and Orientation................................................... 10Adjoining Property Considerations .................................................. 11Parking and Circulation .................................................................... 13Landscape Elements......................................................................... 13Site Design Guidelines – Specific Recommendations...................... 143. Architectural Design Guidelines..................15Neighborhood Context – Urban Design............................................ 15Exploring and Evaluating Elevation Alternatives............................. 16Historic Building Types and Architectural Character ....................... 18Composition and Scale..................................................................... 19Elevation and Existing Façades – Design Considerations................ 20Elevation and New Foundations – Screening andScale Minimization Considerations................................................... 21Architectural Design Guidelines – Specific Recommendations........ 244. Foundation Design Guidelines.....................29Foundation Design............................................................................ 29Elevation Requirements.................................................................... 31Relationship of Foundation Design to ArchitecturalDesign and Historic Preservation..................................................... 34Foundation Screening Systems........................................................ 35Permit Requirements ....................................................................... 365. Elevation Design – Next Steps......................38Design and Construction Guidance.................................................. 38Project Coordination.......................................................................... 39Elevation Approaches – Illustrated Alternatives............................... 39Elevation Decision Factors................................................................ 396. Resources and Publications..........................44National Reference Information and Publications............................ 44State Reference Information and Publications................................. 46Local Reference Information and Publications................................. 47Coastal Mississippi Historic Building Types andImportant Architectural Features...................................................... 48Local Historic Preservation Review Processes, Analyses of ResourcesWithin Boundaries of Locally Designated Historic Districts, andDamage Caused by Hurricane Katrina by Jurisdiction...................... 55Hancock County................................................................................ 55Harrison County................................................................................ 60Jackson County................................................................................. 88Pearl River County.......................................................................... 108Glossary of Terms............................................................................ 112Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESi

The Mississippi Development Authority (MDA) has prepared theseElevation Design Guidelines in collaboration with the MississippiDepartment of Archives and History, and historic preservationcommissions representing historic preservation interests inCoastal Mississippi. In addition, MDA invited participation by localbuilding officials and planning and zoning representatives so thatthe Guidelines accurately reflect the process for owners of historicresidential properties to access grant and forgivable loan moniesthat have been made available by U.S. Department of Housing andUrban Development (HUD). MDA expressly thanks those who haveactively participated in this important process to help preserve theunique character of our Mississippi coastal communities.

owners, this principle is of utmost importance. TheseGuidelines have been developed to ensure that bothindividual historic buildings, and historic buildings withinhistoric districts, are preserved for future generations.The purpose of this design manual is to providerecommended elevation design guidance for therehabilitation of historic buildings funded through MDAprograms. The goal of this effort is to reduce risk fromfuture flood events through elevation, and to preservethe physical integrity and character of historic buildings.Specifically, one of the most important outcomes of thiseffort is to limit the total height of elevation for historicbuildings so they maintain their historic character inrelation to other historic buildings within each local historicdistrict, thus protecting the architectural qualities of eachhistoric district as a whole.MDA FinancialAssistance ProgramsTo assist in the rebuilding process, the State ofMississippi has received funding through the CommunityDevelopment Block Grant (CDBG) Program of the U.S.Department of Housing and Community Development.These funds are administered by the MDA, based inJackson, Mississippi. This funding, in the form of grantsand forgivable loans, is available to homeowners andother applicants whose properties in Hancock, Harrison,Jackson, and Pearl River Counties were damaged byHurricane Katrina. Financial assistance is being providedfor principal residence and rental property improvementsthat meet MDA’s program requirements.The two MDA programs that provide the basis for theseElevation Design Guidelines are:Homeowner Elevation Grant Program (EGP).MDA will provide up to $30,000 in grant assistance tohomeowners whose homes were subjected to flooddamage as a result of Hurricane Katrina to defray thecost to elevate their single-family residences. Threetypes of activities are allowed under this program: 1)elevation of an existing single-family residential structureor reconstruction of the existing residential building onthe same building “footprint”; 2) elevation of an existingsingle-family residential building or reconstruction of theexisting residential building on an expanded or changed“footprint”; and 3) replacement of an existing singlefamilyresidence with a newly constructed and elevatedresidence on an existing parcel at another location.Small Rental Assistance Program (SRAP). Becauseover 70,000 affordable rental housing units were lost asthe result of Hurricane Katrina, the State of Mississippiinitiated SRAP to provide financial incentives to owners ofproperty containing between one and four rental units torepair or rebuild. The maximum award under this programis $30,000 per unit. The purpose of SRAP is to provideforgivable loans to owners of small rental propertiesthat were either substantially damaged or destroyed byHurricane Katrina, so that these small-scale units canagain serve as affordable rental housing. Applicants mayseek funding under one of four program options: 1) rentalincome subsidy assistance; 2) repair or reconstructionreimbursement of Hurricane Katrina-damaged property; 3)reconstruction or conversion reimbursement for existingproperty to rental property; and 4) new constructionreimbursement.Relationship of MDA FinancialAssistance Programs toSection 106 of the NationalHistoric Preservation ActBecause MDA’s financial assistance programs use Federalfunding provided through the U.S. Department of Housingand Urban Development (HUD), MDA must comply witha variety of environmental and historic preservation lawsand regulations. The most important historic preservationregulation is outlined in Section 106 of the NationalHistoric Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA). Under thisregulatory review program, administering agencies mustdetermine whether proposed projects have the potentialto affect historic properties. Each MDA funding applicationis reviewed to determine whether historic properties—defined as buildings, structures, historic districts, objects,and archaeological sites listed, or eligible for listing, inthe National Register of Historic Places—will be affectedthrough use of HUD funding.MDA has retained URS Corporation (URS) to assist withall required environmental and historic preservationreview associated with applications funded under the EGPand SRAP programs. URS employs trained architecturalhistorians and archaeologists to survey and evaluatepotentially historic properties, and to determine theeffect of planned elevation and rehabilitation projects. Toqualify for funding, applicants whose historic buildings arelocated within the boundaries of locally designated historicdistricts, and individually significant historic buildingsoutside such districts, must closely coordinate theirelevation and rehabilitation plans with appropriate HistoricPreservation Commissions (HPCs) and the State HistoricPreservation Office (SHPO).In order for applicants whose projects involve historicbuildings to achieve a No Adverse Effect determination2 Section 1: INTRODUCTION Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

(refer to Section 6, Resources and Publications) under theSection 106 consultation process for their projects, theyare required under the Programmatic Agreement (PA)described below to develop individual elevation designplans. The use of the Secretary of the Interior’s Standardsfor Rehabilitation (see Standards for Rehabilitation,Section 6, Resources and Publications) is generallyconsidered good preservation practice, and the Standardsfor Rehabilitation must be incorporated into individualelevation design and rehabilitation plans.Programmatic Agreement (PA). In January 2008,the MDA, the SHPO, the Advisory Council on HistoricPreservation, other local governments in CoastalMississippi, and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indiansdeveloped and signed a special agreement called a PA,with which the National Trust for Historic Preservation andthe Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma also concurred. Becauseof the size and scale of the two MDA financial assistanceprograms, their implementation over the course of anumber of years, and the range of effects that could notbe precisely identified at the outset of the program, thisagreement document was developed to record the termsand conditions agreed upon to resolve potential adverseeffects on multiple historic properties. In essence, thisPA functions as a blueprint to help guide Federal andState agencies, local governments, and other signatoriesin working together to protecting historic preservationinterests while rebuilding.A key component of this agreement called upon MDA torequest a program modification from HUD that wouldallow MDA to negotiate with the SHPO on the elevationheight of historic buildings. This variance granted ownersof historic properties, especially those in historic districts,the ability to elevate homes to a level lower than thestandard Advisory Base Flood Elevation level (ABFE; referto Section 4, Foundation Design Guidelines, and Section6, Resources and Publications). This modification ensuresthe characteristics of individual historic homes andconcentrations of historic residences within local historicdistricts are preserved and that these building continue tobe recognized as historic properties.An important aspect of the PA is the integration ofexisting local HPCs into the elevation and rehabilitationdesign review process for historic buildings. Becausethese commissions know the historic buildings in theircommunities extremely well, they are able to offerpositive, constructive advice to applicants who will besubmitting individual property elevation design plansfor local review. Another key component of the PA is theprovision of funding to the SHPO to hire new preservationprofessionals, including an historic architect, who will workwith MDA to provide general advice to applicants in theearly phases of the elevation design process.Purpose of ElevationDesign GuidelinesGenerally, architectural design guidelines are createdby communities concerned with the appearance of theirbuildings as well as how their appearance contributesto economic health and civic pride. Throughout theUnited States, over 2,200 cities, towns, and countieshave adopted design guidelines as part of their historicpreservation efforts. Such guidelines are developed toenhance the quality of buildings, landscapes, and publicspaces and to protect these resources for the public good.These Elevation Design Guidelines have been developedby MDA to ensure that the EGP and SRAP programsare implemented in the most architecturally sensitivemanner possible. Their goal is to achieve a balancingof two very different public policy goals—risk reductionthrough more modest elevation than required for modernbuildings or new construction, and protection andThese Guidelines illustrate principles to help preservethe historic elements of homes located in historicdistricts. Shown here is a Pascagoula streetscape.enhancement of existing historic buildings and historicdistricts. Based upon the historic preservation and floodprotection requirements established respectively by theU.S. Department of Interior and the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency (FEMA), these Elevation DesignGuidelines are intended to inform program applicantsand local HPCs of the process to best ensure MDArequirements are met. The Guidelines represent aframework in which a range of potential elevation actions,each with a range of planning considerations, includingneighborhood context, treatment of elevation and historicfabric interface, and vacant parcels, may be evaluatedto produce the best, individualized approach for a givenhistoric building and historic district.The information contained in these Guidelines ispresented for the applicant’s use in planning changesto historic buildings within a historic district, or to anindividual historic building outside the boundaries of thesedistricts. Building upon nationally recognized historicpreservation principles described in the Standards forRehabilitation (see Section 6, Resources and Publications),these Guidelines have been designed to assist andremind members of local HPCs and the SHPO of the issuesthey should consider when reviewing an MDA-assistedproject. Because the architectural character may beMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 1: INTRODUCTION3

Guidelines will facilitate necessary approvals and efficientprocessing of the elevation grant application.Early coordination with the SHPO, local officials, anddesign consultants will provide crucial site planning,architectural, and engineering assistance and informationfor use in developing the elevation proposal. If a propertyis in a jurisdiction with an HPC, the elevation plans will bereferred to the local HPC for review and approval uponsubmission to the local building permit office. If there isno local HPC, property owners should concurrently submitelevation plans to the local building permit office and toMDA for transmittal to the SHPO.Following a successful historic review, the building permitoffice will issue a building construction permit. The MDAgrant award occurs following the issuance of a buildingpermit for the elevation project.Detailed information about the historic preservationreview process, and about the local application and permitprocess, is located in a separate Applicant Guide.Working with an ElevationDesign ConsultantOwners of historic residential properties are making animportant decision when they proceed with plans forelevating their homes. As they move forward with theirgrant application, professional planning, design, andengineering advice is crucial. MDA can provide initialguidance to assist applicants in the application processthrough grant award. Applicants should also consider theservices of professional building elevation consultants whocan prepare elevation design plans and provide supportthrough the building permit and historic preservationreviews and during the elevation construction process. Asdescribed in Sections 2–4 of these Guidelines, key aspectsof preparing building elevation plans include:• Historic status determination• Flood zones and elevation requirements• MDA programmatic requirements• Parcel topography• Boundary and setback delineation• Adjoining use assessments• Site circulation and access alternatives• Architectural design elements• Structural and foundation design elements• Elevation mitigation and screening approachesIn order to provide sufficient design information for localbuilding permit submissions and reviews, applicants mustbe able to prepare elevation design plans. By working withMDA and building elevation design consultants, applicantscan benefit from the experience these professionals havewith similar projects, submission requirements, and reviewprocedures.How to Complete a SuccessfulElevation ProjectMDA realizes that grant recipients are anxious to completethe repair and rehabilitation of their homes and rentalproperties so they can move forward with their lives.One of the primary purposes of the Elevation DesignGuidelines is to facilitate the decision-making process tosuccessfully complete the required historic preservationreview, allowing elevation projects to be funded in amanner that achieves both risk reduction and preservationof irreplaceable historic buildings and districts.There are a few ground rules that the applicant mustfollow to receive funding for their project. Unlike otherfinancial assistance programs administered by MDA, theEGP and SRAP programs provide funding through a seriesof disbursements. As described below, the applicantmust submit specified documents to receive payments atproject milestones.Rule #1. Address All HistoricPreservation Review RequirementsAll Historic PropertiesIn order to protect the physical integrity of an historichouse or rental unit and ensure that it will continue tomaintain the characteristics for which it was designated ashistoric, the applicant(s) must have their project reviewedand approved by the SHPO. The SHPO’s final approval willbe issued once the following actions are verified:• The applicant’s participation in a Pre-design Meetingwith SHPO staff in which key elements from theElevation Design Guidelines and Standards forRehabilitation are identified, for integration into yournew individual design plan• Submission of the applicant’s Final Elevation DesignPlan, for review and approval by the SHPO prior toapplication for local building and development review• Submission of a Written Commitment by theapplicant to the SHPO agreeing to comply with theplans as approvedBased on review of this information, the SHPO will issue afinal determination of No Adverse Effect, which concludesthe Section 106 historic preservation review process. TheSHPO’s No Adverse Effect finding will be provided to MDAand the applicant in a letter, which will also state thatelevation of the building will not preclude the building’scontinued designation as a historic building.Prior to construction, the applicant must also submita copy of the building permit and the FEMA ElevationCertificate to the SHPO for its review.6 Section 1: INTRODUCTION Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Once construction is complete, the applicant must submita copy of the Occupancy Permit and the final FEMAElevation Certificate to the SHPO.Organization and Use of these Elevation Design GuidelinesHistoric Properties Also Located WithinLocal Historic DistrictsIn addition to the review process described above, ownersof property in a local historic district must have theirproject reviewed and approved by the local HPC. Based onthe individual elevation plan for an historic building, theCommission will issue a Certificate of Appropriateness tothe applicant and local building department as verificationthat the elevation project complies with these ElevationDesign Guidelines and the Standards for Rehabilitation, aswell as local historic district guidelines.After the applicant has submitted an individual elevationplan and the local HPC has issued a Certificate ofAppropriateness, the applicant must submit a copy of thecertificate to the SHPO.Rule #2. Adhere to MDA Grant RequirementsAccording to MDA requirements, grant funding will bedisbursed in two equal payments:First Payment: Half the awarded grant funds will be paidupon the applicant submitting a building permit and acopy of a FEMA Elevation Certificate certified by a licensedengineer or surveyor to MDA.Second Payment: The remaining grant funds will bepaid upon completion of the construction project when theapplicant submits an Occupancy Permit to MDA.Within these Guidelines are five main report sectionsand a final section of reference materials and aglossary of terms. MDA’s intent is to provide essentialinformation for the property owner to use to develop anindividualized elevation design project that addressesthe broad principles outlined in the Guidelines and inthe Standards for Rehabilitation.In addition to Section 1, Introduction, this document isorganized around the following topic areas:Section 2: Site Design Guidelines: Providesinformation about the site on which the historicbuilding is located.Section 3: Architectural Design Guidelines:Discusses considerations regarding neighborhoodurban design context, evaluating elevationalternatives, historic building types andarchitectural features, data needed for designingelevation plans and evaluating their effects on thehistoric building, and goals for new screening andscale minimization.Section 4: Foundation Design Guidelines:Identifies engineering factors for designing newfoundations for elevated buildings and includesdetailed illustrated approaches to foundationscreening.Section 5: Elevation Design – Next Steps:Summarizes the process for designing a newelevation plan and illustrates elevation approachesfor some of the most common historic buildings onthe coast.Section 6: Resources and Publications: IncludesNational and State reference materials for use indesigning an elevation plan and identifies the statusof historic districts and locally designated landmarkswithin each jurisdiction. Pre-Katrina and post-Katrinaaerial views, a detailed current map of each historicdistrict, and information about local HPCs are alsoincluded.To accompany these Guidelines, MDA has also producedtwo related tools—an Applicant Guide and a HistoricPreservation Commission Guide. These will be madeavailable to applicants, local HPCs, and the SHPO in bothelectronic and hard copy form, along with copies of theElevation Design Guidelines.Users of these Elevation Design Guidelines are stronglyencouraged to read the document completely, and notsimply selected sections. Although certain portions of thisguide may contain information pertaining to a specificissue, all sections contain essential information that theuser should become familiar with. As noted previously, theMDA encourages funding applicants to seek the servicesof a design professional (refer to the Applicant Guide) whocan assist in developing customized elevation plans.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 1: INTRODUCTION7

Site DesignGuidelinesThe overall character of an historic district is definednot only by individual historic buildings, but also by sitefeatures and plantings. Historic districts include importantnon-architectural features that form spaces, includingtopography, setback and the orientation of buildings,vistas and views, and plantings, such as hedges,foundation plantings, lawns, gardens, and tree canopies;features that define circulation, such as walkways, streets,driveways, and parking areas; and features that articulateor develop a site, such as accessory buildings, fences,walls, lighting, swales, fountains, sculptures, arbors, andplanters.Landscaping and plantings play a significant role increating the character of the historic districts in CoastalMississippi, and also reflect the regional climate. Maturegardens, grassy lawns, shrubs, climbing vines, ornamentaltrees, and tree canopies are typical of residential historicdistricts. Elements such as mature trees, judiciouslyplaced, and foundation plantings soften the interfacebetween raised first floors and the ground level.Sinclair Cottage, Ocean Springs, Mississippi.Photograph from the Detroit Publishing Company, 1880-1920, Libraryof Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C.Adjoining property considerations—type, scale,location, and pattern of block create neighborhoodcharacter.8 Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Site Elevation and TopographyDetermining the appropriate height to which an historicresidence should be raised begins with establishing thesite elevations associated with the existing property. Aprofessionally produced property survey of the parcel,including a finished floor elevation for the residence, willprovide initial data for the elevation design plans.To prepare aKEY PRESERVATION GOALS:customized• Limit elevation to, or under,elevationABFE.design plan, the • Match existing topographyapplicant must wherever possible.first determinethe existing elevation level of the historic home, and thensecure information from the local building departmentregarding the recommended elevation level. FEMA floodelevation data and requirements, as well as local buildingcodes, will specify the height to which the first floor ofa new structure in the vicinity should be raised. Thenew elevations established for each locale through theAdvisory Base Flood Elevations (ABFE) and preliminarydigital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (dFIRMS) should alsobe referenced as required by MDA. These new elevationstandards are considered by local and Federal authoritiesto limit impacts from future flood events. The propertyowner should then consult with the local HPC and buildingpermit offices to set an appropriate strategy for the newelevation proposal.Topographic conditions within local historic district parcelswill generally feature level terrain with limited slopes. Thisbaseline terrain condition of parcels within historic districtsin Coastal Mississippi suggests a consistent approach isneeded to establish the heights of related elevation designprojects. Local HPCs and the SHPO will consider thisconsistency in their review of individual elevation plans.Parcel Configurationand AccessPlanning an elevation design project requires athorough understanding of the historic property’s parcelconfiguration, boundaries, setbacks, and access. Parcelsize and configuration determine the flexibility of anelevation design project and its ability to accommodateany proposed site feature improvements and mitigate thevisual impacts of the elevated structure on surroundinghistoric buildings. Parcels with limited area and widthwill present greater design challenges than larger siteswith ample front and side yard conditions and setbacks.Existing access to the parcel from both street andsidewalk should be evaluated for any elevation changethat warrants new site circulation features. Specialconsideration should also be given to the relationship ofthe parcel to adjoining properties, especially if they arehistoric.In developinga customizedelevation designplan, the parcelowner shouldthink about thefollowing:Parcel LayoutKEY PRESERVATION GOALS:• Limit changes to parcellayout and access.• Be sensitive to, andmaintain the relationshipto adjacent properties inhistoric districts wherepossible.• Is sufficient space available within the parcel for newor expanded stairs? Elevating a residence requiresconstruction of additional steps, and generally adds11 inches to the length of stairs for each 7-inchincrease in height.Example of limited setbackExample of average setbackExample of ample setbackMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 2: SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES9

On parcelsKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:with limited• Ensure that improvementsspace betweenare consistent with theresidences, any visual character of historicdistricts.change in theelevation of onestructure affects the visual setting of another. Becausethe relative heights and proximity of existing structuresestablish the visual character of an historic district,elevation design proposals must carefully consider theheights and massing of adjoining structures.RIGHT: Street-levelview of streetscapeshowing consistentelevation level.BELOW: Aerialview of streetscapeat modest elevationlevel.12 Section 2: SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Proposals for new side yard elevation design features,such as stairs or other circulation elements, introduce newvisual and functional features between parcels. Potentialimpacts from these features must be evaluated to ensuredesign proposals complement the architectural setting ofboth the applicant property and adjoining uses.Parking and CirculationLandscape ElementsComplementing the historic character of residentialdistricts, landscape elements provide important visualscreening functions and outdoor space defining amenities.As a result of Hurricane Katrina, the number of thesehistoric landscape elements has been significantlyreduced. Effective elevation design plans replace theseA large area within each parcel is often dedicated tovehicular parking and circulation needs. In preparing anelevation design plan, present and proposed drivewayand parking requirements must be considered. Toaccommodate new architectural and landscape screening,alternatives to existing driveway and parking layouts maybe appropriate. Many historic parcels in Coastal Mississippifeature driveways with side yard alignments in closeproximity to the building. Depending upon the extentof elevation proposed and existing side-yard depth, anapplicant may find that the configuration of an existingdriveway and parking may be affected.Whether a limitedKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:or significant• Minimize changes toelevation change parking and circulationis proposedthat affect historic setting.for an historicproperty, the existing circulation features may requirereconfiguration to provide improved entrance stairsystems, terrain modification, or landscape screening.Should the elevation design include a new unoccupiedsub-storey, the applicant should evaluate measures tomitigate the potentially significant visual and historicimpacts associated with an increase in the first floorelevation. Architectural design alternatives are discussedin Section 3, Architectural Design Guidelines. Any substoreyuses will be subject to local building codes andhistoric preservation reviews.Driveways and parking areas can have significantinfluence on the appropriate elevation option.Landscape screening strategies provide visualbuffers and scale transitions for an elevated home.Foundation plantings should be scaled to the height ofthe new base elevation.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 2: SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES13

elements withKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:similar landscape• Use indigenous landscapefeaturesplantings to minimize theindigenous tovisual impacts of elevation.Coastal Mississippito minimize the often-jarring nature of a new foundationsystem and an elevated historic building. When situatedin areas adjoining foundations and sub-storey facades,landscape plantings can provide effective scale transitionsbetween the ground plane and an elevated frontage ofnew sub-storey walls.Site Design Guidelines – Specific RecommendationsThe following recommendations support preservationgoals and should be incorporated, whenever possible, intocustomized elevation plans:• Retain and preserve building and landscape featuresthat contribute to the overall historic character ofthe individual building and/or the historic district,including trees, gardens, yards, arbors, ground cover,fences, foundations, and significant vistas and views.Landscape screening should complement the architecturalelements of the residence and represent part of an overallstrategy for mitigating the effects of elevated structures.In many cases, a well-planned landscape pattern ofshrubs and small trees within the structure’s foundationperimeter zone can complement or replace architecturalbreakout panels for sub-storey screening.Landscape plantings near the new base or sub-storey ofan historic residence offer one of the most cost-effectivemeans to mitigate the visual impacts of elevating thehistoric structure. Specific approaches for landscapescreening are provided in Section 3, Architectural DesignGuidelines.• Retain and preserve the historic relationship betweenbuildings and landscape features of the districtsetting, including site topography, retaining walls,foundation plantings, hedges, streets, walkways, anddriveways.• Protect and maintain historic building materialsand plant features through appropriate routinemaintenance and repair of constructed elements andpruning and management of plantings.• Replace missing or deteriorated site features withnew features that are compatible with the characterof the site and the historic district.• Design new construction or additions to protect largetrees or other significant site features, such as vistas.• Protect large trees and other significant site featuresfrom construction activities and from delayeddamage due to construction activities, such as lossof root area or compaction of soil by equipment.Avoiding compaction of the soil within the drip line oftrees is critical to maintain the health of root systems.Protect large trees and preserve historic vistas.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic AmericanBuildings Survey, Reproduction Number (HABS,ALA,49-MOBI,224-2)Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Within historic districts, altering the residentialcharacter of the district by significantly reducing theproportion of built area to open space on a given sitethrough new construction or additions²²Introducing contemporary equipment or incompatiblesite features, including mechanical units, in locationsthat compromise the historic character of the buildingor historic district. Such features should be locatedunobtrusively, to shield them from view.14 Section 2: SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

ArchitecturalDesignGuidelinesAs described in Section 1, Introduction, the NHPA Section106 historic review process for MDA-funded projectsrequires each applicant’s elevation design plan bereviewed by both local HPCs and the SHPO, or the SHPOindependently. Each plan will be evaluated based on theplan’s demonstrated understanding of neighborhood, site,and architectural conditions and features. This review willdetermine whether an applicant has provided effectivemitigation approaches that limit visual and materialimpacts on historic buildings and districts created by theflood hazard protection actions. The following architecturalguidelines should be addressed by each applicant indesigning their elevation design plan.Neighborhood Context –Urban DesignWhether the applicant’s historic residential propertyis situated within an historic district or it stands withinthe context of another setting, it is part of a distinctenvironment of related uses. This setting reflects village,suburban, or rural conditions with a range of adjoininguses. Considering these settings through the perspectivesof development and landscape character is an initial stepin the elevation design process.The arrangement of historic structures within theircommunity represents a distinct pattern of culturaldevelopment that should be valued and preserved. Withinthe Mississippi Coastal area, historic development patternsmay take the form of residential structures situatedtogether on modest lots, situated nearby within ampleparcels, or situated in isolation on several acres. Eachelevation design plan should reflect an understanding ofthe overall context of the neighborhood.Historic examples of context reveal neighboringhouses with different elevations. Shown here are 502and 504 Beach Boulevard in Bay St. Louis, destroyedin Hurricane Katrina.Hancock County Historical SocietyAs noted in Section 2, Site Design Guidelines, relativebuilding heights, setbacks from local streets, anddistances between homes are principal features thatcharacterize residential neighborhoods. These featuresand their landscape elements contribute to the characterof each neighborhood setting. Applicants should identifyMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES15

Historic Building Types and Architectural CharacterA thorough understanding of historic building types andtheir related architectural character is fundamental toa successful elevation design project. Historic buildingsreflect longstanding traditions of residential design in theGulf Coast region and exhibit a vast array of architecturalreferences used in the development of the ElevationDesign Guidelines. The MDA elevation design programoffers a new opportunity to preserve and protect thesevaluable buildings by mitigating flood hazards.A wide range of residential building types comprise theGulf Coast historic districts and communities, and aredescribed in Section 6, Resources and Publications, underthe heading: Coastal Mississippi Historic Building Typesand Important Architectural Features. Applicants may alsobenefit from the information contained in A Pattern Bookfor Gulf Coast Neighborhoods, prepared by the MississippiRenewal Forum.Residential building types are distinguished by theirrelative size, form, height, roof pattern, and principalexternal elements, such as porches, stairs, and chimneys.These massing characteristics can provide importantinsights for assessing the effects of elevating a home andmitigating these effects within the existing setting.A successful elevation design program often begins withan examination of elevation design plans for other historicproperties. Past elevations of local landmarks, such asBeauvoir, illustrate important techniques for first floorelevation, which can inform elevation designs for historichomes today. These Guidelines consider a range ofarchitectural typologies and styles to provide insights forapplicants as they move forward with the elevation designunder MDA’s EGP or SRAP programs.Beauvoir, former home of Jefferson Davis.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic AmericanBuildings Survey, Reproduction Number (HABS,MISS,24-BILX,2-4)A survey of local Gulf Coast historic resources identifiedfive principal residential building types to serve as a basisfor developing broad design guidelines for elevatingprototypical historic structures. These residential buildingtypes are representative of many other distinguishedresidential forms found within the region. These buildingtypes include:• Rectangular plan (gable-front)• Massed plan (side-gable)• l-shaped (gable-front-and-wing)• Pyramidal (complex roof)• I-house-two-storey box (side gable)As models, the building types provide a sufficientrange of design features that can be included withinthe development of individual design plans. Applicantsshould consider relevant examples as they prepareelevation design proposals for their specific architecturalstyles. These examples provide a variety of architecturalelements, including the configuration of exteriorentrances, stairs, porches, windows, columns, and otherdetails, that can be applied to elevation design plans forspecific historic residential projects.Existing residentialKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:building type and• Identify architecturalmassing provide type and massingimportant guidancecharacteristics.• Examine successfulon the basic form elevations of similarand arrangement historic homes.of the vertical• Incorporate representativeand relevant designbuilding elements features into the elevationwithin the site and design plan to minimizevisual impacts.can inform thepotential first orderimpacts created by elevating a structure and introducingnew exterior elements. Two examples illustrate theserelationships:Example 1: The overall visual effect of raising aresidential structure by one floor level depends to a greatextent on its site context. Far greater negative visualeffects may result from changes to a one-storey home ona small lot than to a two-storey home on a larger parcel,due to the range of screening and scale transition actionsthat are possible on the larger site.Example 2: Adding new exterior stair and landingsystems to a home that already has a porch featurerepresents less visual impact than adding new stairelements to a home without a porch.18 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Composition and ScaleThe essence of an historic home’s visual character isclosely tied to the composition and scale of its principalarchitectural features. One goal for a successful elevationdesign project is to minimize the effects of any elevationchange upon its visual character. Historic preservationreviews will focus on maintaining the proportions andrelationships of these original architectural features withinthe proposed new elevation setting.Elevation designplans shouldKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:• Minimize change to visualconsider existing character by maintainingarchitecturalproportions, relationships,and scale of architecturalcompositionfeatures.and scale ofhistoric features.The composition and scale of existing elements, suchas multiple building levels, projecting wings, exteriorcolumns, and the arrangements of doors and windows,provide design references for the location of any newentrance features, stair systems, and other sub-storeyelements.The design of new elevated base conditions, whetherthey are open, enclosed, or screened through landscapeplantings, should reflect, wherever possible, existingcomposition and scale features. Existing façade elementsshould be integrated in the elevation design plan for thenew base or sub-storey levels by repeating, contrasting, orcomplementing.Composition and scale of features provide designreferences.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic AmericanBuildings Survey, Reproduction Number (HABS,ALA,49-MOBI,224-2)Adjoining properties in Pascagoula illustrate thechallenges of contrasting elevations.The composition and scale of elevation designproposals should be consistently applied to adjoininghomes.Because the visual relationship between building featuresand the site may be changed by an elevation design plan,first evaluating the scale of existing features is important.Design efforts to manage the scale transition between thenew elevation and existing grade will require appropriatearchitectural and landscape treatments.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES19

Elevation and Existing Façades – Design ConsiderationsAn evaluation of elevation options for the principal designelements of an historic home should include considerationof its most important feature, called the façade, andits entryway. The façade faces the street, and is oftenthe most-highly decorated of all building elevations.This featureestablishes theKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:purpose and • Use historic buildingplacement of all façade and entry featuresto develop new designother elementselements.within the frontbuilding face, and sets the stage for the design of eachadjoining façade.Most historic façades feature a prominent and centrallocation for the front entrance door, which may befurther defined by entrance steps, porches, and adjoiningwindows. Other defining features include the size, extent,symmetry, and character of façade treatments andornamentation. The elevation design plan should focusthese design elements to minimize visual impacts to thehistoric structure. New stairs and landings introduced tocompensate for elevation changes must complement thedesign of the existing front façade, which may alreadyinclude porch structures and related details.Porch structures and associated roof, column, andbalustrade elements provide design references thatshould be incorporated in elevation design proposals.Placement of new foundation, base and sub-storeyelements should also coincide with existing verticalreferences to porch columns and other repeating façadeelements.Important façade elements set the stage for theplacement of all other elements.New sub-storey elements should coincide withexisting vertical references to columns.Structural supports take into account the locationof prominent features and repeat vertical elements.Shown here is 116 Ballentine Street (demolished),circa 1880, Bay St Louis.Hancock County Historical SocietyElevation changes need to complement existingfaçade, porches, and related details.20 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Placement of new structural supports should accountfor the location of prominent external façade designelements and reflect or complement existing repeatingvertical elements on the façade, such as columns, posts,or other trim details. This approach promotes continuityof the historic design elements of the façade as they areexpressed through the new base treatments, therebyminimizing the visual impacts of the new elevation changeon the historic building as a whole.Other significant façade components, such aschimneys and major masonry features, require specialconsideration in an elevation design project. In orderto maintain their historic and functional attributes,these masonry elements require continued physicalconnections to established grade conditions within theproject site. Adapting major masonry features to addresselevation changes may shape the overall strategy of anelevation design project.Elevation and New Foundations – Screeningand Scale Minimization ConsiderationsAppropriate measures to reduce or eliminate adversevisual effects resulting from the elevation of an historicresidential structure will depend upon the extent of thenew elevation proposed and proportion of the new basearea. When establishing the proposed elevation, theapplicant and elevation design consultant should prepareplans that include appropriate screening and othertreatments for the elevated residence.The proposed screening approaches for an elevationdesign plan should focus on providing new visual buffersto the elevated area. Related design approaches mayalso focus on providing new shielding elements thatcreate a gradual transition for the space between theexisting ground level to the new first floor level. Theseapproaches can reduce the negative visual effects ofelevating an historic property in a manner that maintainsor complements its character and setting.Significant façade components such as majormasonry features require special consideration.Landscape screening strategies can provide aneffective means to minimize the visual impactsof elevation.Existing façade features offer direction to theelevation design project through architectural designreferences that can be repeated, contrasted, orcomplemented within the new base or sub-storeylevels. Both architectural and landscape screeningstrategies can provide effective means to minimizethe visual impacts to the historic residence.Small panel treatments can provide effectivescreening for limited elevation changes.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division,Historic American Buildings Survey, ReproductionNumber (HABS, ALA, 49-MOBI, 224-3)For new base or sub-storey proposals,architectural screening approaches may take theform of open or enclosed panels of various sizes.These panels can be designed to cover the newlyelevated foundation areas. Small panel treatmentsmay include new lattice patterns or other designsfor projects with limited elevation changes.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES21

To achieve scaleKEY PRESERVATION GOAL:minimization• Incorporate screeningassociated with and scale minimizationhigher elevation measures to mitigateelevation visual impacts.projects, severalapproachesare available to provide site transitions through botharchitectural and landscape treatments. The architecturalapproaches include new stair and landing designsthat complement existing porches and entrances. Thelandscape approaches include new foundation plantingareas that provide visual buffers for the new elevatedareas.Architectural screening for large areas conveysthe features of an existing façade within a newsub-storey zone.Architectural screening treatments for largerareas can be designed to convey features of theexisting façade within the new sub-storey zone.In each case, the panels must be designed asflow-through or breakaway structures that will notrestrict potential flood waters.Elevation design consultants can assist applicants indesigning alternative treatments and selecting one thatmost successfully minimizes adverse effects on thehistoric building while also reducing risk through somelevel of elevation. Elevation design plans that effectivelyincorporate screening and/or scale minimization measuresto complement the architectural character of the historicbuilding and historic district will generally be wellreceived by local and state historic preservation agencies,facilitating approval for MDA funding.22 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Elevation and Screening Study (5 foot elevation)Gable Front (Rectangular Plan) Side Gable (Creole Cottage) Two-Storey Massed Plan (Neoclassic)Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES23

Architectural Design Guidelines – Specific RecommendationsElevation design plans involving NEWCONSTRUCTION should incorporate thefollowing design recommendations, asapplicable:Additions to Historic Buildings• Minimize the loss of historic fabric and ensure thatcharacter-defining features of the historic building arenot destroyed, damaged, or obscured.• Retain the overall character of the site, sitetopography, character-defining site features, trees,and significant district vistas and views.• Protect large trees and other significant site featuresfrom immediate and delayed construction damage.• Limit the size and scale of an addition to avoiddiminishing or visually overpowering the historicbuilding.• Design to be compatible with the historic building inmass, materials, color, and the relationship of solidsand voids to exterior walls, yet make the additiondiscernible from the original.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Constructing an addition that detracts from theoverall historic character of the principal buildingand the site, or requires the removal of a significantelement or site feature.²²Constructing an addition that significantly changesthe proportion of built mass to open space on anindividual site.New Construction• Site new construction to be compatible with theoverall character of surrounding buildings and thehistoric district in terms of setback, orientation,spacing, and distance from adjacent buildings.• Preserve the overall character of the site, sitetopography, character-defining site features, trees,and significant vistas and views.• Protect large trees and other significant site featuresfrom immediate and delayed construction damage,such as loss of root area and compaction of the soilby heavy equipment.• Design the height, form, size, scale, massing,proportion, and roof shape to be compatible with theoverall character of surrounding buildings and thehistoric district.• Design the proportion of the proposed new building’sfront façade to approximate the front façadeproportion of surrounding historic buildings.• Design the spacing, placement, scale, orientation,proportion, and size of window and door openingsto be compatible with the overall character ofsurrounding buildings and the historic district.• Select windows and doors with material, subdivision,proportion, pattern, and detail compatible with thewindows and doors of surrounding buildings and thatcontribute to the character of the historic district.• Select materials and finishes compatible with thematerials and finishes of surrounding buildings interms of composition, scale, module, pattern, detail,texture, finish, color, and sheen to contribute to thecharacter of the historic district.• Design new buildings to be compatible with, butdiscernible from, historic buildings in the district.Elevation design plans involving REPAIRAND REPLACEMENT of exterior buildingfeatures should incorporate the followingrecommendations, as applicable:Wooden Architectural Features• Retain and preserve wooden features that contributeto the overall historic character of a building andits site, including such functional and decorativeelements as siding, shingles, cornices, architraves,brackets, pediments, columns, balustrades, andarchitectural trim.• Use recognized preservation methods for patching,consolidating, splicing, and reinforcing.24 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

• Replace only deteriorated details or elements inkind, rather than replacing entire features. Matchthe original detail or element in design, dimension,texture, and material. Consider compatible substitutematerials only if using the original material is nottechnically feasible.• Replace missing features with equivalent features,based on accurate documentation of the originalfeature, or a new design compatible in scale, size,material, texture, and color with the overall characterof the building and historic district.• Repaint wooden surfaces and features in colors thatare appropriate to the historic building and district.• Clean wooden architectural features using gentlemethods such as low-pressure washes with detergentsand natural bristle brushes. Chemical stripping maybe used only if gentler methods are ineffective.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Cleaning wooden features and surfaces withdestructive methods such as sandblasting and powerwashing, or using propane or butane torches.²²Stripping painted surfaces down to bare wood andapplying clear stains or finishes to create a naturalwood appearance.²²Replacing sound, painted wooden siding with newsiding to achieve a uniformly smooth wooden surface.²²Replacing or covering wooden siding, trim, or windowsashes with contemporary substitute materials suchas aluminum or vinyl.²²Introducing wooden features or details to an historicbuilding in an attempt to create a false sense ofhistorical appearance.Masonry• Retain and preserve, as practicable, masonry featuresthat contribute to the overall historic character ofa building and a site, including walls, foundations,roofing materials, chimneys, cornices, quoins, steps,buttresses, piers, columns, lintels, arches, and sills.• Protect and maintain historic masonry materials,such as brick, terra-cotta, limestone, granite, stucco,slate, concrete, cement block, and clay time, andtheir distinctive construction features, includingbond patterns, corbels, water tables, and unpaintedsurfaces.• Use recognized preservation methods for piecing-in,consolidating, or patching damaged or deterioratedmasonry surfaces.• Repoint masonry mortar joints if the mortar iscracked, crumbling, or missing, or if damp walls ordamaged plaster indicate moisture penetration.Before repointing, carefully remove deterioratedmortar using hand tools. Replace the mortar with newmortar that duplicates the original in strength, color,texture, and composition. Match the original mortarjoints in width and profile.• Replace only the deteriorated portion of a detail,module, or element of a masonry surface or featurein kind rather than replacing the entire surface orfeature. Consider compatible substitute materialsonly if using the original material is not technicallyfeasible.• Replace large masonry surfaces or entire features, ifnecessary, in kind, matching the original in design,detail, dimension, color, pattern, texture and material.Consider compatible substitute materials only if usingthe original material is not technically feasible.• Replace missing masonry features with equivalentfeatures, based on accurate documentation of theoriginal feature, or a new design compatible in scale,size, material, and color with the overall character ofthe building and historic district.• Test any cleaning technique, including chemicalsolutions, on an inconspicuous sample area well inadvance of the proposed cleaning to evaluate itseffects. Cleaning masonry features with destructivemethods, including sandblasting, high-pressure waterblasting, and power washing is not appropriate.• Repaint previously painted masonry surfaces in colorsthat are appropriate to the historic material, building,and district.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Applying a waterproof coating to exposed masonryrather than repairing it.²²Painting previously unpainted masonry surfaces.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES25

Architectural Metals• Retain and preserve architectural metal features thatcontribute to overall historic character of a buildingand a site, including such functional and decorativeelements as roofing, flashing, cornices, railings,hardware, casement windows, and fences.• Retain and preserve architectural metals, such ascopper, tin, brass, cast iron, wrought iron, and lead,that contribute to the overall historic character of thebuilding and historic district.• Repair deteriorated architectural metal features andsurfaces using recognized preservation methods forsplicing, patching, and reinforcing.• Replace only the deteriorated detail or element ofan architectural metal feature in kind rather thanreplacing the entire feature. Match the originaldetail or element in design, dimension, texture, andmaterial. Consider compatible substitute materialsonly if using the original material is not technicallyfeasible.• Replace entire architectural features, if necessary, inkind, matching the original feature in design, detail,dimension, texture and material. Consider compatiblesubstitute materials only if using the original materialis not technically feasible.• Replace a missing architectural feature with anequivalent feature, based on accurate documentationof the original feature, or a new design compatiblewith the scale, size, material, and color of the historicbuilding and district.• Repaint architectural metal surfaces and features incolors that are appropriate to the building and historicdistrict.• Pretest chemical solutions before cleaning softmetals, including lead, tin, and copper, to ensure theydo not damage the color and the texture of the metalsurface.• Clean hard metals such as cast iron, wrought iron,and steel using the gentlest means possible. Considerlow-pressure glass bead blasting only if hand scrapingand wire brushing are ineffective.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Introducing metal features or details to an historicbuilding in an attempt to create a false historicalappearance.²²Patching metal roofs or flashing with tar or asphaltproducts.²²Cleaning soft metal surfaces with destructivemethods like grit blasting.Roofs• Retain and preserve roofs and roof forms thatcontribute to the overall historic character of abuilding, including their functional and decorativefeatures, such as roofing materials, cresting, dormers,chimneys, cupolas, and cornices.• Repair historic roofs and their distinctive featuresthrough recognized preservation methods forresetting or reinforcing.• Replace only the deteriorated portion of a partiallydeteriorated roof feature in kind to match the originalfeature in design, dimension, detail, color, andmaterial, rather than replacing the entire feature.Consider compatible substitute materials only if usingthe original material is not technically feasible.• Replace a deteriorated historic roofing material orfeature, if necessary, in kind to match the originalfeature in scale, detail, pattern, design, material, andcolor. Consider compatible substitute materials only ifusing the original material is not technically feasible.• Replace a missing roof feature with an equivalentfeature, based on accurate documentation of theoriginal feature, or a new design compatible with thescale, size, material, and color of the historic buildingand district.• Install new gutters and downspouts, if necessary, sothat no architectural features are lost or damaged.Select new gutters and downspouts that matchthe trim color, unless the existing features arecopper. Replace traditional half-round gutters anddownspouts with like gutters and downspouts.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Removing a roof feature that is important in definingthe overall character of an historic building, ratherthan repairing or replacing it.26 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

²²Replacing concealed, built-in gutter systems withexposed gutters.²²Introducing new roof features, such as skylights,dormers, or vents, that compromise the historic roofdesign, damage character-defining roof materials, ordeviate from the character of the historic district.²²Installing ventilators, solar collectors, antennas,skylights, or mechanical equipment in locations thatcompromise character-defining roofs or on roof slopesprominently visible from the street.²²Installing exposed tarpaper rolls as finished roofingmaterial or roofing tar as a replacement for valleyflashing.²²Patching any roofing or flashing with tar or asphaltproducts.Exterior Walls• Retain and preserve exterior walls that contribute tothe overall historic form and character of a building,including their functional and decorative features,such as cornices, foundations, bays, quoins, arches,water tables, brackets, and entablatures.• Retain and preserve exterior wall materials thatcontribute to the overall historic character of abuilding, including brickwork, stucco, stone, woodenshingles, wooden siding, asbestos siding, and metal,wooden, or masonry trim work.• Repair exterior wall surfaces, details, and featuresusing recognized preservation repair methods for thesurface material or coating.• Replace only the deteriorated detail or element of anexterior wall in kind to match the original feature indesign, dimension, detail, color, and material, ratherthan replacing the entire exterior wall. Considercompatible substitute materials only if using theoriginal material is not technically feasible.• Replace an entire exterior wall or feature, ifnecessary, in kind, matching the original in design,dimension, detail, texture, color, and material.Consider compatible substitute materials only if usingthe original material is not technically feasible.• Replace a missing exterior wall or feature withan equivalent wall or feature, based on accuratedocumentation of the original feature, or a newdesign compatible with the historic character of thebuilding and the historic district.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Introducing new features, such as window or dooropenings, bays, vents, balconies, or chimneys,to character-defining exterior walls if they willcompromise the architectural integrity of the building.²²Removing or covering any material detail associatedwith exterior walls, including decorative shingles,panels, brackets, bargeboards, and cornerboards,unless an accurate restoration requires it.²²Covering historic wall material, including woodensiding, wooden shingles, stucco, brick, andstonework, with coatings or temporary substitutematerials.²²Introducing features or details to an exterior wall inan attempt to create a false historical appearance.Windows and Doors• Retain and preserve windows that contribute to theoverall historic character of a building, including theirfunctional and decorative features, such as frames,sash, muntins, sills, heads, mouldings, surrounds,hardware, shutters, and blinds.• Retain and preserve doors that contribute to theoverall historic character of a building, including theirfunctional and decorative features, such as frames,glazing, panels, sidelights, fanlights, surrounds,thresholds, and hardware.• Repair historic windows and doors and theirdistinctive features using recognized preservationmethods for patching, consolidating, splicing, andreinforcing.• Replace only the deteriorated window or doorfeature in kind, rather than replacing the entire unit.Match the original feature in design, dimension, andmaterials. Consider compatible substitute materialsonly if using the original material is not technicallyfeasible.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES27

• Replace a deteriorated window or door, if necessary,in kind, matching the design and the dimensionof the original sash or panels, pane configuration,architectural trim, detailing, and materials. Considercompatible substitute materials only if using theoriginal material is not technically feasible.• Replace a missing window or door with an equivalentunit, based on accurate documentation of the originalunit, or a new design compatible with the originalopening and the historic character of the building.• Replace deteriorated or missing wooden shutterswith wooden shutters sized to fit the opening andmounted to be operational.• If desired, introduce narrow-profile exterior or interiorstorm windows so that they do not obscure ordamage the existing sash and frame. Select exteriorstorm windows with a painted or baked enamelfinish color that is compatible with the sash color.For double-hung windows, operable storm windowdividers should align with the existing meeting rail.• If desired, introduce full-light storm doors constructedof wood or aluminum so that they do not obscure ordamage the existing door and frame. Select stormdoors with a painted, stained, or baked-enamel finishcolor that is compatible with the color of the existingdoor.• If desired and where historically appropriate, carefullyinstall fabric awnings over window, door, or porchopenings to ensure that historic features are notdamaged or obscured.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Removing original doors, windows, shutters, blinds,hardware, and trim from a character-defining façade.²²Removing any detail material associated withwindows and doors, such as stained glass, beveledglass, or tracery, unless an accurate restorationrequires it.²²Using snap-in muntins to create a false divided-lightappearance.²²Replacing clear glazing with tinted or opaque glazing.²²Introducing shutters on an historic building with noevidence of previous shutters.²²Using bare aluminum storm doors.Entrances, Porches, and Balconies• Retain and preserve entrances, porches, andbalconies that contribute to the overall historiccharacter of a building, including functional anddecorative elements as columns, pilasters, piers,entablatures, balustrades, sidelights, fanlights,transoms, steps, railings, floors and ceilings.• Repair historic entrances, porches, and balconiesand their distinctive features and materials usingrecognized preservation methods for patching,consolidating, splicing, and reinforcing.• Replace only the deteriorated detail or element of anentrance, porch, or balcony feature in kind, ratherreplacing than the entire feature. Match the original indesign, dimension, and material. Consider compatiblesubstitute materials only if using the original materialis not technically feasible.• Replace an entire entrance, porch, or balcony, ifnecessary, in kind, matching the original in design,dimension, detail, texture, and material. Considercompatible substitute materials only if using theoriginal material is not technically feasible.• Replace a missing entrance, porch, or balcony with anequivalent feature, based on accurate documentationof the original feature, or a new design compatiblewith the historic character of the building and district.• Consider the enclosure of an historic porch toaccommodate a new use only if the enclosure canbe designed to preserve the historic character of theporch and the building.Actions that are inconsistent with establishedpreservation goals and should be avoided include:²²Removing any detail material associated withentrances and porches, such as spindlework,beveled glass, or beaded board, unless an accuraterestoration requires it.²²Introducing features or details to an historic entrance,porch, or balcony in an attempt to create a falsehistorical appearance.²²Enclosing a front porch or a front balcony.28 Section 3: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

FoundationDesignGuidelinesBuildings have been erected in Coastal Mississippi for overa century in ways which attempt to minimize damagefrom flooding. Historic buildings, like the one shownbelow in Bay St. Louis, demonstrate methods used in theVictorian era to treat architectural foundations, and raisethe living area above the flood zone. Many of the samefoundation design treatments can be used in today’selevation design plans.Foundation DesignThe following discussion provides an overview ofrecommended foundation designs for the elevationof residential buildings in Coastal Mississippi. Thisinformation will assist an historic property owner inchoosing a foundation design that reduces flood risk andpreserves the visual and architectural integrity of theproperty. These foundation design recommendations havebeen prepared by FEMA for new construction in the GulfCoast region.The two major types of residential foundations within theGulf Coast region include open and closed foundations.Closed foundations are distinguished by perimeterwalls of masonry construction that enclose the footprint ofa residence. These foundations may also include concreteslab-on-grade construction. Generally, closed foundationsare limited to an elevation of 8 feet above adjoining grade.Historic homes located within the immediate vicinity ofthe Gulf Coast may not be suited for closed foundationdesign, considering the local flood and wind hazards.Historic homes can often illustrate a range ofelevation approaches previously used in CoastalMississippi.Bay St. Louis Historical Society.Because of the unique challenges involved in designing anappropriate foundation system for an elevated building,this topic is presented separately from the architecturallyrelated factors that must be evaluated in developing anelevation design plan. Much of the information presentedin this section relates to specific engineering factors anapplicant must consider in designing a foundation system.These factors include the applicable FEMA flood zoneand the ABFE for the location of the historic building.Foundation systems must be designed by professionalengineers familiar with relevant safety considerations.Open foundations are characterized by raised piers orpiles with open area under the elevated structure. In somecases, open foundations may be fitted with non-structural,porous, architectural screening panels through whichrising water levels can flow without restriction.The selection of an open or closed foundation dependsupon the proposed height of a foundation above gradeand the potential storm-related hazards within the floodzone. Open foundations are generally most appropriatewhere the foundation height is greater than 8 feet abovegrade and for sites that are located in a flood zone wherethe highest potential flood-related forces, especially thosepertaining to high wind and water levels associated withstorm surges, can be anticipated. Oceanfront locationsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES29

within the designated velocity zone or “V Zone” requireopen foundations.For detailed foundation design criteria and strategies,applicants and their design professionals should referto local building codes and FEMA publication 550,Recommended Residential Construction for the GulfCoast: Building Strong and Safe Foundations. Typicalresidential foundation plans are illustrated in theMississippi Renewal Forum publication: A Pattern Book forGulf Coast Neighborhoods.Residential Foundations TypesClosed Foundation:• Foundations up to 8feet above grade• Generally for inlandareas• Reinforced masonry –crawl space• Reinforced masonry –stem wallFigure 4-1. Closed Foundation with Crawl Space.FEMA 550Open Foundation:• Foundations up to 15feet above grade• Generally for coastalareas• Timber pile• Steel pipe pile,concrete column,grade beam• Timber pile, concretecolumn, grade beam• Concrete column,grade beam• Concrete column,grade beam, slabFEMA has delineated zones on dFIRMs that depictfloodplains and areas subject to flooding. These zonesprovide guidance for owners and design professionals onfoundation design and elevation design projects.V Zone – Coastal High Hazard Area. 1 percent orgreater chance of annual flooding from storm surge,and breaking waves greater than 3 feet above floodconditions; significant wind forces.VE Zone. Areas subject to inundation by the 1-percentannual-chanceflood event with additional hazardsdue to storm-induced velocity wave action.Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirementsand floodplain management standards apply.Figure 4-2. Open Foundation with Grade Beam.FEMA 55030 Section 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

• Preservation of the overall roof-ridgeline height withinan historic district (if the historic building is located insuch an area).• Retention of historic status of the elevated historicbuilding (defined as either listed, or eligible for listing,in the National Register of Historic Places, or locallydesignated historic as either an individual landmarkor a contributing building within a locally designatedhistoric district).• Eligibility to maintain flood insurance under the NFIPat the most favorable rate.Under NFIP guidance, any new construction onvacant parcels within historic districts is notexempt from the floodplain ordinance requirement,and must be elevated to maximum ABFE level.Figure 4-3. Recommended Open Foundation Practice for Buildings in A Zones, Coastal A Zones, and V Zones.FEMA Coastal Construction Manual 55Coastal A Zone – Special Flood Hazard Area.Landward side of V Zone subject to velocity flows,erosion, and breaking wave heights of up to 3 feetabove flood conditions.Base Flood Elevation (BFE). The expected elevationof flood waters during the 1-percent-annual-chanceflood event.Design Flood Elevation (DFE). Locally mandated floodelevation, equal to or higher than the BFE.Additional information on delineated zones is included inthe glossary in Section 6, Resources and Publications, ofthese Guidelines.Elevation RequirementsComplying with MDA’s grant requirements and preservingthe historic integrity of the structure to meet therequirements of historic preservation reviews and the NFIPare important considerations in the elevation of an historicproperty. As outlined in Section 1, Introduction, the goal ofthis effort is to establish an appropriate elevation heightbelow the level required for existing non-historic buildingsor new construction on vacant parcels. By coordinatingthis effort with HPCs and the SHPO, owners of historicproperties will benefit from:• Reduced flood risk from future natural disastersAfter Hurricane Katrina, flood maps were revised toaccount for all historic flood data since the maps werelast updated. To reflect a more accurate risk of floodingin the coastal counties, FEMA, through the NFIP, issuedKatrina Flood Recovery Maps, also known as ABFEs,that expanded the geographic size and vertical heightestimates of the 100-year or standard estimatedflood level. After further analysis, FEMA revised theexisting Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), whichwere subsequently digitized. Once adopted by a localcommunity, the dFIRM becomes the required elevationstandard for all new construction and substantialimprovements.For MDA’s EGP and SRAP programs, the elevationrequirement is the ABFE for property owners with abuilding permit application dated before November 15,2007, and the dFIRM, for applications submitted after thisdate.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES31

Table 4-1 provides estimated elevation heights in the fivecommunities with local HPCs, using data from preliminaryEGP applications, and was computed by subtracting thetopographic elevation (above mean sea level) from theABFE height (above mean sea level. Some applicantsmay need to refer to the dFIRM to identify the relevantflood elevation. The data in Table 4-1 was compiledfrom the ABFE contour maps and U.S. Geological Surveytopographic maps.Table 4-1 provides an estimate of how high a nonhistoricbuilding would need to be elevated to meet theABFE height requirement. The table is based on theassumption that the buildings are at grade. The tableprovides potential maximum height requirements, e.g.,if an existing building is on a crawl space two feet abovegrade, the required change in height will be less than ifthe building is at grade.Table 4-1 is provided as a reference for local jurisdictionsand their HPCs in consideration of appropriate elevationsheights in their respective historic districts. Thisinformation will be used in the review by HPCs of requestsfor Certificates of Appropriateness involving MDA-fundedprojects.The appropriate height is likely to vary district by districtbased on the flood risk and the existing foundation heightsof other contributing historic structures. Although theowners of historic structures may receive an exemptionfrom the floodplain ordinance height requirement, theyare likely to be interested in elevating their home at leasta few feet to achieve a reduction in flood risk.Table 4-1. Estimated Elevation Height Requirementsfor Selected Coastal Communities.CityHistoric DistrictNumber ofApplicants*Estimated Height RequirementPass Christian 0 Varies from 0 ft. – 12 ft.Beach Boulevard 261 structure at 2 ft.12 structures at 3 ft.1 structure at 5 ft.10 structures at 6 ft.Bay St. Louis1 structure at 7 ft.1 structure at 11 ft.Washington Street 0 Varies from 4 – 6 ft.Sycamore Street 0 Varies from 2 – 6 ft.Main Street 0 0 ft.Edgewater Park 0 Varies from 0 – 3 ft.West Beach 0 Varies from 0 – 25 ft.5 structures vary from 0 – 12 ft.BiloxiWest Central 61 structure at 0 ft.Downtown 0 Varies from 0 – 15 ft.East Central 61 structure varies from 3 – 15 ft.5 structures at 3 ft.Point Cadet 0 Varies from 0 – 25 ft.Lover’s Lane 0 Varies from 0 – 21 ft.Old Ocean Springs 31 structure at 0 ft.1 structure at 6 ft.1 structure at 9 ft.Ocean SpringsBowen 0 0 ft.Railroad 0 0 ft.Indian Springs 0 Varies from 0 – 18 ft.Marble Springs 0 Varies from 0 – 18 ft.Shearwater 0 Varies from 0 – 21 ft.Sullivan-Charnley 0 Varies from 0 – 21 ft.Krebsville 0 Varies from 0 – 11 ft.Pascagoula Orange Avenue 0 Varies from 3 – 10 ft.Front Street 0 Varies from 6 – 21 ft.*As of July 15, 2008. Exact height requirements must be confirmed with local floodplain managers.32 Section 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Figure 4-4. Sample ABFE Contours for Old Ocean Springs Historic District.Figure 4-4 illustrates the relationship between adesignated historic district—in this case, the OldOcean Springs Historic District—and FEMA flood zones.Applicants whose properties fall within historic districtboundaries (see Section 6, References and Publications)can identify where their properties are located in relationto FEMA flood zones, and determine the foundation typerequired within that zone. A representative of the localbuilding department can also provide this information,upon request.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES33

Relationship of Foundation Design to Architectural Design and Historic PreservationThe foundation design and elevation height should beselected to preserve physical integrity of the historicbuilding. Property owners should consider working witha design professional or elevation contractor, in concertwith a professional engineer, to choose the appropriatefoundation and treatment. The local HPC, and buildingpermit staff, can provide guidance on complying withdesign guidelines and building codes.Successful elevation designs preserve the visual andarchitecturally significant features of an historic propertywhile minimizing the flood risk. Preparing elevation designproposals for historic residential structures requires carefulanalysis of architectural elements and the context of theproperty. Some properties may require a minimal changein elevation with little impact on the historic integrityof the property or surrounding neighborhood. In othersituations, there may be a dramatic difference betweenthe existing elevation and the maximum ABFE heightrequirement.Elevation Considerations• Consider the location of the historic property,determine the flood zone of the site, and identify localbuilding code requirements.• Review local flood mapping sources and thendetermine the ABFE for the property. The height forthe first floor elevation of the building is based on theABFE for the flood zone for the property.• Compare the existing first floor elevation of theresidence to the ABFE.Architectural ConsiderationsDetermine the most appropriate elevation based on theanalysis presented in Section 3, Architectural DesignGuidelines, of these Guidelines:• Review building massing, architectural style, andfaçade design.• Review distinguishing features of the property,including its site.• Evaluate and assess the potential visual impacts onadjoining properties.• Identify architectural and landscape screeningalternatives.Taking these considerations into account, choose afoundation design that will minimize the flood risk butpreserve your property’s historic features.The placement of potential piers, columns, and otherfoundation elements must reflect an understanding of thearchitectural elements of the historic structure. Placementof the foundation components should complementexisting locations of façade features such as columns,colonnades, corners, trim elements, and other verticalfeatures. The existing elements provide visual referencesthat can be repeated and extended throughout the newfoundation design.The Pollack House, located along East BeachBoulevard in Pascagoula, depicts a raised first floorliving area reached by flanking entry stairs.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic AmericanBuildings Survey, Reproduction Number (HABS, MISS, 30_PASCA, 5-1)This historic home in Mobile, Alabama represents anelevation of approximately 7 feet above grade, andexhibits architectural screening with repetition ofarchitectural forms.Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic AmericanBuildings Survey, Reproduction Number (HABS, ALA, 49-MOBI, 212-3)34 Section 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Foundation Screening SystemsArchitectural and landscapescreening approaches fornew foundation conditionscan provide effective meansto mitigate the adversevisual effects associated withelevating an historic property.These approaches mustcarefully consider foundationrequirements associatedwith relevant flood hazardzones. Architectural screeningof open foundations mustaddress potential flood andwind forces and considertheir effect upon the historiccharacter of the structure.Landscape screening near the This historic building in Pascagoula is an excellent examplefoundation perimeter may offer of a foundation with a combination of architectural andthe most flexible and effective landscaping screening.approach to maintainingthe scale of an historic property and its site. Evergreen The key considerations for foundationand deciduous shrubs and small trees can provide scale screening systems include: designtransition, without restricting potential flood flows under provisions that allow unrestrictedthe open foundation. This benefit is particularly important flows of rising flood waters, breakawayin zones where flood forces may be significant.features that do not add wind loadsto a structure, and design elementsBecause many architectural screening systems arethat provide a suitable architecturalprohibited in the highest hazards zones (V Zone),statement for the base or sub-storeyapplicants and designers must determine at the outsetthat complements the historic property.whether an architectural screening system is practical orfeasible. In other hazard zones, the use of open lattice FEMA’s Technical Fact Sheet No. 27,screening panels and other non-structural breakaway Enclosures and Breakaway Panels,façade panels for a new base or sub-storey can offer summarizes building code requirementseffective means to buffer the changes in elevation to an and design considerations for theseexisting structure.architectural screening systems.Historic property owners and designers should familiarize themselves withlandscape design practices and materials appropriate for use withinCoastal Mississippi. A variety of governmental, university, and publishedsources are available to provide information on indigenous plant materialsand historically appropriate landscape design. The following list providesa starting point for the development of customized elevation designsincorporating foundation screening through new plantings. For furtherinformation, please consult:• The Mississippi Association of Agricultural Agents, which maintains aHorticultural Committee. (www.countyagent.com/macaa/index.html)• The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) operates the JamieL. Whiten Plant Materials Center. The Center has published documentsto solve specific resource conservation needs.(http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/mspmc/publications.html)The NRCS offers the following resource: “Planting Guide for EstablishingCoastal Vegetation on the Mississippi Gulf Coast” by Homer Wilkes,State Conservationist, Jackson, MS. Available as Technical Note 104(April 2007) in the NRCS Plant Materials Program.(www.plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/mspmspu7271.pdf)• The Mississippi State University Department of Landscape Architectureis a resource on plant use on the Mississippi Coast.Telephone: 662-325-3012. (www.lalc.msstate.edu)Additional Published Resources for Landscape Plant Selection and Design:• Barrick, William and Pelczar, Rita. Smart Garden Regional Guide:Southeast (American Horticultural Society Smartgarden RegionalGarden Guides)• Harrison, Marie. Southern Gardening: An Environmentally SensitiveApproach• O’Malley, Therese (ed.). Regional Garden Design in the United States(Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium Series in the History of LandscapeArchitecture)• Wasowski, Sally. Gardening with Native Plants of the SouthHistoric Landscape Design Web Resources:• Mississippi State University Extension Service, Mississippi Agriculturaland Forestry Experiment Station, Landscape Design for AntebellumHomes. (http://msucares.com/lawn/landscape/types/antebellum.html)• Old House Journal. ( www.oldhousejournal.com/npsbriefs2/brief36.shtml)Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES35

Screening Panel ConfigurationsFoundation Screening ConceptsElevation with no screen.Elevation with lattice covering piers.Architectural screening of base.Elevation with louver screen panel.Elevation with fine pattern lattice screen panel.Elevation with bold pattern lattice screen panel.Screening of extended sub-storey.Screening of sub-storey with compound stair.Permit RequirementsAll elevation design plans and related foundationdesigns must be reviewed and approved by thelocal building permit office and the HPC. Thehistoric property owner must submit elevation andfoundation design plans prepared by a qualifiedprofessional designer. Successful elevation designplans demonstrate a thorough understanding ofarchitectural, engineering, historic preservation, andflood hazard mitigation concerns. Once a projecthas received approval by the local building permitoffice and HPC, MDA will issue its second financialdisbursement under the EGP or SRAP program,as described in Section 1, Introduction, and theApplicant Guide. Section 5, Elevation Design – NextSteps, provides more specific permitting informationon a community-by-community basis.36 Section 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

TOP: Applicants should examineexamples of landscaping approachesinvolving historic buildings within theircommunities.RIGHT: Based on site design factors,topography, and ABFE requirements,foundation screening and circulationalternatives can then be developed forfurther evaluation.BOTTOM: These renderings depict theresidential types elevated to a moderate(5 foot) level, and illustrate the range ofnatural landscape screening that could beused to minimize adverse visual effectsassociated with elevation.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 4: FOUNDATION DESIGN GUIDELINES37

ElevationDesign –Next StepsSections 1 through 4 of these Elevation Design Guidelineshave presented a series of factors that must be carefullyevaluated in developing an elevation design planthat achieves both risk reduction and preservation ofimportant historic buildings and historic districts. Thisprocess requires careful discernment of patterns for entireneighborhoods, topography, site design, and architecturalcontext related to both individual historic buildings andlarger historic districts. Whereas individual elements arepresented in previous sections of the Guidelines, thissection assembles and integrates these factors to providea series of broad design approaches for use in CoastalMississippi. The goal of this effort is to visually depictthe ways in which elevation design involving historicbuildings can be successfully completed. These designsshould not be viewed as the only ways in which historicpreservation concerns can be addressed in the elevationdesign process. Hopefully, these will spark applicantsand their design professionals to think creatively abouthow elevation can be handled in a positive and sensitivemanner. Because of the national import of HurricaneKatrina on Coastal Mississippi, these elevation projectsmay be viewed over time as “historic” in their own right.Historic Preservation Commission memberswill provide useful advice to applicants in thedevelopment of elevation plans.Design and ConstructionGuidanceConsidering the range of building permit and historicpreservation requirements, applicants for the MDA EGPand SRAP programs must work closely with a designprofessional to prepare the elevation design plans and ahome elevation contractor to implement the project. Somefirms may be able to provide both design and constructionservices.These professionals will serve as the applicant’srepresentatives in preparing and submitting elevationdesign plans to local building permit offices and HPCs.Initially, MDA staff provide architectural guidance tothe applicant, who will then contract with the designand construction professionals to complete theproject planning, design, and construction efforts.38 Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Project CoordinationAlthough the responsibility of initiating and completing anelevation design project rests with the owner/applicant,advice and direction for the project will be availablefrom MDA and other local planning and preservationauthorities. Once an applicant approaches MDA on apotential project, their historic preservation staff will beavailable to respond to grant application and local projectcoordination aspects.Elevation Approaches –Illustrated AlternativesThese Guidelines outline a series of factors to be weighedby the property owner/applicant in the customized designplan development process.Elevation Decision FactorsThe decision to elevate a historic home involves theowner’s appraisal of the long-term benefits of theelevation alternatives. The decision-making should includea careful appraisal of the effects of an elevation actionupon the historic character of the property, the protectionof the home against future storm events, the mitigationmeasures to screen the new foundation, and the overallcosts and potential savings over time from the elevationproject.The practical aspects of elevating a property above theflood hazard elevations must be carefully weighed againstthe potential adverse effects on the historic character ofthe home. Applicants are encouraged to consider nominalelevation increases in order to prevent significant negativevisual impacts to their historic properties. This approachrequires close coordination with local building permitoffices and HPCs to arrive at a successful outcome.The architectural and landscape screening and scalingmeasures identified in these Elevation Design Guidelinesprovide important ways to limit the effects of an elevationproject and support lasting flood hazard protection for thehistoric home.Based upon the unique characteristics of the parcelon which an historic home is located, the applicantshould develop a series of options for elevation usingthe information contained in these Guidelines. Then theapplicant should select the option that best addressesthe factors noted above and achieves the best balance ofrisk reduction and limited elevation height level. To assistin this process, a series of possible elevation scenarios isdepicted on the following two pages. They are presentedusing three of the most typical house forms found inCoastal Mississippi—Side Gable (Creole Cottage), GableFront Rectangular Plan (Shotgun), and Two Storey MassedPlan (Neoclassic). Each house type is also depicted atthree differing elevation heights—a minor elevation levelincrease (less than 5 feet), a modest elevation levelincrease (5 feet to less than one storey), and a significantelevation level increase (more than one storey).Final Elevation DesignFactors to be considered when developing acustomized elevation design plan.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 5: ELEVATION DESIGN – NEXT STEPS39

Open Foundation AlternativesAt Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeSide Gable (Creole Cottage)At Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeGable Front Rectangular Plan (Shotgun)At Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeTwo Storey Massed Plan (Neoclassic)40 Section 5: ELEVATION DESIGN – NEXT STEPS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Landscape Screening AlternativesAt Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeSide Gable (Creole Cottage)At Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeGable Front Rectangular Plan (Shotgun)At Grade 5’ Above Grade 10’ Above Grade 15’ Above GradeTwo Storey Massed Plan (Neoclassic)Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 5: ELEVATION DESIGN – NEXT STEPS41

Elevation Design ConsiderationsNeighborhood Context and Elevation ConsistencyArchitectural Character and ScaleExisting GradeElevated GradeElevation Alternatives42 Section 5: ELEVATION DESIGN – NEXT STEPS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Elevation with OpenFoundationElevation withLandscape ScreeningLandscape Screening Site PlanElevated BaseElevated Sub-StoreyMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 5: ELEVATION DESIGN – NEXT STEPS43

Resources and PublicationsNational ReferenceInformation and PublicationsSecretary of the Interior’sStandards for RehabilitationThe Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation(Department of the Interior Regulations, Title 36 Code ofFederal Regulations [CFR] Part 67) are used by Federalagencies in carrying out their historic preservationresponsibilities for properties in Federal ownership orcontrol, and State and local officials in reviewing bothFederal and non-Federal rehabilitation projects. They havealso been adopted by numerous local historic preservationcommissions for use in evaluating renovation and newconstruction within locally designated historic districts.The Mississippi Development Authority (MDA) fundsElevation Grant Program (EGP) and Small RentalAssistance Program (SRAP) activities with Federal moniesprovided through the U.S. Department of Housing andUrban Development (HUD). As a result, MDA must carryout historic preservation responsibilities delegated to itby HUD, including the requirement to work with fundingapplicants to minimize adverse effects on historicproperties under Section 106 of the National HistoricPreservation Act of 1966. Reducing the overall height ofelevation, and using the Standards for Rehabilitation inconjunction with these MDA Elevation Design Guidelines,should ensure that projects move successfully throughthe historic preservation review process, resulting in theaward of project funding.The intent of the Standards for Rehabilitation is to assistin the long-term preservation of a property’s significancethrough the retention of historic materials and features.The Standards for Rehabilitation pertain to historicbuildings of many construction types, materials, sizes,and occupancies. They also address related landscapefeatures and the building’s site and environment, as wellas attached, adjacent, or related new construction.“Rehabilitation” of an historic building involves at leastsome repair to allow efficient contemporary use; however,these repairs and alterations must not damage or destroymaterials, features, or finishes that are important indefining the building’s historic character. For example,certain treatments, if improperly applied, may cause oraccelerate physical deterioration of the historic building.This can include using improper repointing or exteriormasonry cleaning techniques, or introducing insulationthat damages the historic fabric. In most of thesesituations, use of these materials and treatments willresult in a project that does not meet the Standards forRehabilitation. Similarly, exterior additions that slavishlyreplicate the form, material, and detailing of the buildingto the extent that they compromise the historic characterof the building will also fail to meet the Standards forRehabilitation.When working with a design professional to design anelevation project that will be successfully approved bya local historic preservation commission and the StateHistoric Preservation Office (Mississippi Department ofArchives and History), the Standards for Rehabilitationshould be carefully integrated into the proposed design.They are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects ina reasonable manner, taking into consideration economicand technical feasibility. The Standards for Rehabilitationare as follows:Standard 1. A property shall be used for its historicpurpose or be placed in a new use that requiresminimal change to the defining characteristics ofthe building, site, and environment.Standard 2. The historic character of a property shallbe retained and preserved. The removal of historicmaterials or alteration of features and spaces thatcharacterize a property shall be avoided.Standard 3. Each property shall be recognized as aphysical record of its time, place, and use. Changesthat create a false sense of historical development,such as adding conjectural features or architecturalelements from other buildings, shall not beundertaken.Standard 4. Most properties change over time; thosechanges that have acquired significance in theirown right shall be retained and preserved.Standard 5. Distinctive features, finishes, andconstruction techniques or examples ofcraftsmanship that characterize a property shall bepreserved.Standard 6. Deteriorated historic features shall berepaired rather than replaced. Where the severity ofdeterioration requires replacement of a distinctivefeature, the new feature shall match the old indesign, color, texture, and other visual qualities and,where possible, materials. Replacement of missingfeatures shall be substantiated by documentary,physical, or pictorial evidence.44 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Standard 7. Chemical or physical treatments, suchas sandblasting, that cause damage to historicmaterials, shall not be used. The surface cleaning ofstructures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken usingthe gentlest means possible.Standard 8. Significant archaeological resourcesaffected by a project shall be protected andpreserved. If such resources must be disturbed,mitigation measures shall be undertaken.Standard 9. New additions, exterior alterations, orrelated new construction shall not destroy historicmaterials that characterize the property. The newwork shall be differentiated from the old and shallbe compatible with the massing, size, scale, andarchitectural features to protect the historic integrityof the property and its environment.Standard 10. New additions and adjacent or related newconstruction shall be undertaken in such a mannerthat if removed in the future, the essential form andintegrity of the historic property and its environmentwould be unimpaired.To review the Standards for Rehabilitation and theirassociated guidelines, along with more detailed visualinformation on the treatment of historic building materialsusing the Standards, please visit www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standguide/index.htm.Federal Emergency ManagementAgency PublicationsThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)makes available numerous publications of interestto the public and professional engineers, floodplainmanagers, building officials, and local historic preservationcommissions. In particular, the following publications maybe of use to applicants requesting MDA funding, to learnmore about the design of foundation systems in highhazardcoastal areas.FEMA 15. Design Guidelines for Flood Damage Reduction(December 1981)FEMA 54. Elevated Residential Structures (March 1984)FEMA 55. Coastal Construction Manual, Third Edition(June 2000) (foundations, but not pilings) threevolumesetFEMA 102. Floodproofing Non-Residential Structures(May 1986)FEMA 114. Design Manual for Retrofitting FloodproneResidential Structures (December 1986. Presentsfloodproofing techniques that can be used forexisting residential structures.)FEMA 259. Engineering Principles and Practices forRetrofitting Floodprone Residential Buildings(January 1995. Provides engineering design andeconomic guidance to engineers, architects,and local code officials about what constitutestechnically feasible and cost-effective retrofittingmeasures for floodprone residential structures.)FEMA 265. Managing Floodplain Development inApproximate Zone A Areas, A Guide for Obtainingand Developing Base (100-Year) Flood Elevationswith Quick-2, Version 1.0, Computation of WaterSurface Elevations ( July 1995)FEMA 311. Guidance on Estimating Substantial DamageUsing the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP) Residential Substantial Damage Estimator,Guidance: Software and Manual ComputationWorksheet, Software Version 1.1 (December 1998)FEMA 346VT (Video Tape). Above the Flood: ElevatingYour Floodprone House. (June 2000. Narratedversion of FEMA 347 including animations, livefootage, and interviews)FEMA 347. Above the Flood: Elevating Your FloodproneHouse (May 2000)FEMA 348. Protecting Building Utilities from FloodDamage (November 1999)FEMA 386-1. Getting Started, Building Support forMitigation Planning, State and Local Mitigation How-To Guide (September 2002)FEMA 386-6. Integrating Historic Property and CulturalResource Considerations into Hazard MitigationPlanning, State and Local Mitigation How-To Guide(May 2005)FEMA 480. National Flood Insurance Program FloodplainManagement Requirements, A Study Guide andDesk Reference for Local Officials (February 2005)FEMA 496. Joining the National Flood Insurance Program(May 2005)FEMA 499. Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal ConstructionTechnical Fact Sheet Series (August 2005. Containsrecommendations for residential buildings subjectto flood and wind forces in coastal environments.Addresses siting of coastal buildings andrecommended building design and constructionpractices including structural connections, thebuilding envelope, and utilities.)FEMA 550. Recommended Residential Constructionfor the Gulf Coast; Building on Strong and SafeFoundations (July 2006. This design manualprovides recommended designs and guidance forrebuilding homes destroyed by hurricanes in theMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS45

Gulf Coast. The manual also provides guidance indesigning and building less vulnerable new homesthat reduce the risk to life and property.)Fact Sheet No. 1. Coastal Building Successes andFailuresFact Sheet No. 2. Summary of Coastal ConstructionRequirements and RecommendationsFact Sheet No. 3. Using a Flood Insurance Rate Map(FIRM)Fact Sheet No. 4. Lowest Floor ElevationFact Sheet No. 5. V Zone Design and ConstructionCertificationFact Sheet No. 6. How Do Siting and Design DecisionsAffect the Owner’s Costs?Fact Sheet No. 7. Selecting a Lot and Siting the BuildingFact Sheet No. 8. Coastal Building MaterialsFact Sheet No. 9. Moisture Barrier SystemsFact Sheet No. 10. Load PathsFact Sheet No. 11. Foundations in Coastal AreasFact Sheet No. 12. Pile InstallationFact Sheet No. 13. Wood-Pile-to-Beam ConnectionsFact Sheet No. 14. Reinforced Masonry PierConstructionFact Sheet No. 15. Foundation WallsFact Sheet No. 16. Masonry DetailsFact Sheet No. 17. Use of Connectors and BracketsFact Sheet No. 18. Roof Sheathing InstallationFact Sheet No. 19. Roof Underlayment for AsphaltShingle RoofsFact Sheet No. 20. Asphalt Shingle Roofing for High-Wind AreasFact Sheet No. 21. Tile Roofing for High-Wind AreasFact Sheet No. 22. Window and Door InsulationFact Sheet No. 23. HousewrapFact Sheet No. 24. Roof-to-Wall and Deck-to-WallFlashingFact Sheet No. 25. Siding Installation and ConnectorsFact Sheet No. 26. Shutter AlternativesFact Sheet No. 27. Enclosures and Breakaway WallsFact Sheet No. 28. Decks, Pools, and AccessoryStructuresFact Sheet No. 29. Protecting UtilitiesFact Sheet No. 30. Repairs, Remodeling, Additions, andRetrofittingFact Sheet No. 31. ReferencesFEMA. Answers to Questions About the National FloodInsurance Program, May 2006FEMA. Reducing Flood Losses Through the InternationalCodes, Meeting the Requirements of the NationalFlood Insurance Program, 2nd Edition, 2005Title 44. Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 59-78,National Flood Insurance (NFIP) Regulations(Revised October 2002)Individuals may view electronic copies of these documentsby visiting to the FEMA Library, an electronic collectionof research and publication materials maintained by thisagency. To search for files in the library, please visit www.fema.gov/library.In addition, many of these publications are available, freeof charge, by requesting them from FEMA’s PublicationsWarehouse. Have the publication reference numberavailable and contact the warehouse at:Telephone: 1-800-480-2520(8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time)Address: P.O. Box 2012, Jessup, MD 20794-2012Fax: 301-362-5335State Reference Informationand PublicationsMississippi State Historic Preservation OfficeUnder the National Historic Preservation Act, Stategovernments act in partnership with the Federalgovernment to carry out a series of broad historicpreservation programs to preserve and protect historicproperties across the United States. In Mississippi, theMississippi Department of Archives and History undertakessurveys of historic properties and archaeological sites,evaluates resources for listing in the National Register ofHistoric Places, works with Federal agencies on protectionof historic properties through regulatory review, assistslocal governments with historic preservation activities,provides direct grants to property owners for repair andimprovements to significant resources, and administerstax incentive programs to encourage the re-use ofincome-producing historic buildings.46 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

For more information:Mississippi Department of Archives and HistoryHistoric Preservation DivisionP.O. Box 571, Jackson, MS 39205-0571Telephone: 601-576-6940Fax: 601-576-6955jwood@mdah.state.ms.usFor general information on historic preservation programsand techniques via the Internet, visit www.mdah.state.ms.us/hpres/index.php.Mississippi Flood MapModernization InitiativeThe Mississippi Flood Map Modernization Initiative wasbegun in 2003 to modernize the flood mapping programfor Mississippi and across the United States. In Mississippi,this program is a joint effort of FEMA, the MississippiEmergency Management Agency (MEMA), and theMississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).This ongoing effort should provide all 82 counties withinMississippi with new countywide Digital Flood InsuranceMaps (DFIRMs) by 2010.The MDEQ Web site (see below) contains usefulinformation on the status of mapping initiatives, a detailedlist of agencies that may be contacted for additionalinformation, as well as links to national and regionalinformation source materials.For more information on this initiative via the Internet, visithttp://geology.deq.ms.gov/floodmaps/default.htm.Mississippi Coastal Mapping ProjectTo assist with ongoing Hurricane Katrina and Ritarecovery efforts, FEMA, in concert with MEMA and MDEQ,is undertaking a comprehensive remapping of coastalflood hazards for the 14 communities within Mississippi’scoastal counties.Members of the public can obtain information by callingthe Project Call Center:1-800-816-2804(9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday)For more information on this initiative via the Internet,please visit www.mscoastalmapping.com.Guide to Integration of Requirements:FEMA, Mississippi Building and FireCodes, and the Secretary of the Interior’sGuidelines for RehabilitationUnder contract to the State Historic Preservation Office,Preservation Architecture—a specialty architectural firmin Albany, NY, headed by Marilyn E. Kaplan—developedthis excellent guide in August 2007. This guide discussesthe interrelated requirements of adopted building codes,construction in areas susceptible to flooding and winddamage, and local and Federal historic preservationrequirements.This guide was developed to provide information to theState Historic Preservation Office in its administrationof $26 million in Federal funds, made available throughthe U.S. Department of the Interior and the National ParkService, for its Hurricane Grants Assistance Program.To obtain a copy of this guide, please contact:Mississippi Department of Archives and HistoryHistoric Preservation DivisionP.O. Box 571, Jackson, MS 39205-0571Telephone: 601-576-6940Fax: 601-576-6955hpres@mdah.state.ms.usLocal Reference Informationand PublicationsMississippi Renewal Forum SummaryReport for Bay St. Louis, Biloxi, D’Iberville,Gautier, Gulfport, Long Beach, MossPoint, Ocean Springs, Pascagoula,Pass Christian, and WavelandTo obtain a copy, contact:The Town Paper309 Main Street, Gaithersburg, MD 20878www.TNDtownpaper.comSee also a companion piece:A Pattern Book for GulfCoast NeighborhoodsTo obtain a copy, contact:Urban Design Associates707 Grant Street, 31st Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15219www.urbandesignassociates.comMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS47

Coastal Mississippi Historic Building Typesand Important Architectural FeaturesTYPE: Rectangular Plan (Gable-Front)Buildings exhibiting the Rectangular Plan (Gable-Front)form are usually row-like and rectangular in composition.In urban areas, these are often placed on city lots withnarrow façades as the principal street entrance. Oftentypified in the south as “shotgun” houses, this form canbe seen in very narrow, one-family detached examplesor as attached duplex or multi-family dwellings. Designof these homes varies from railroad-like, one-room wideversions to side-hall composition. These buildings werealso constructed with gable-front and/or hipped roofs.Within the coastal area of Mississippi, three distinctstyles of this building form began to be built during theperiod between 1880 and 1930. Most common is the FolkHouse style, which is distinctive in itself, often exhibitingsimple steps and a front porch. Small dwellings were alsobuilt in the Folk Victorian style, often characterized withVictorian detail, but generally in much less elaborateways. 1 For example, the Folk Victorian building in thephotograph below depicts a typical double shotgun thathas been embellished with spindlework porch detailingand a balustrade. Also prevalent are buildings with aCraftsman influence, dating from the late 19th to the early20th century. These dwellings are also long and narrowin form, but are characterized by varying porch styles.For example, the Craftsman building photograph belowdepicts a projecting entry porch, which is half the width ofthe house, and the addition of two tiers of gables to thefront of the building. This use of gables, often supportedby exposed rafters is indicative of the Craftsman style.1. McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses, rev. ed.New York, 1989.STYLES: Folk House, Folk Victorian, and CraftsmanCHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES:Folk House (Shotgun)• Rectangular form, often row-like• Sits on simple brick or concrete foundation• Rooms aligned one behind the other• Interior chimneys• Full or partial front porch• Situated on lot close to street• Wood frame structural system• Sheathed with wood siding, often with decorativespindleworkFolk Victorian• Square, symmetrical shape (with occasional exampleswith asymmetrical massing)• One-and-one-half storeys or two storeys in height• Hip or gable roofs (often in combination)• Mixed wall cladding (clapboard and shinglecombinations)• Open, spacious front porches or verandas• Variety in placement and grouping of windows• Flat jigsaw trim, cornice returns, cornerboards, twostoreybays, brackets, spindlework, stickwork, turnedporch posts and balusters, and bay windowsCraftsman• Mixed construction materials (wood, stone, brick)throughout exterior and interior• Exhibit “look” of hand-crafted construction• Full or partial front porch extends beneath extension ofmain house• Roof highlighted by exposed rafters or decoratedbrackets• Deeply overhanging eaves• Tapered, square, or pyramidal columns supporting roof• Multi-paned windows and heavy doorsFolk House (Shotgun)Folk VictorianCraftsman48 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

TYPE: Massed Plan (Side-Gable)This building type, often called Creole Cottage or AcadianCottage in the south, consists of one to one-and-one-halfstorey, massed-plan dwellings with side gabled roofsthat commonly extend to shed-roofed porches alongthe façade. The roof pitch and size of the porch varydepending on the style of the house.There are five distinctive styles adapted to this type ofdwelling. The Folk House style, including the Creole andAcadian Cottage, is very simple and almost always has afull-length front porch or overhang. The Colonial Revivalstyle was adapted to this type with the use of subdueddetails from the Georgian and Adams styles. Also adapted,the Craftsman style usually features deep front porches,exposed roof beams, triangular knee braces, gabled and/or shed dormers with distinct lines of windows, and amyriad of porch supports and railings that were usuallyconstructed with short upper columns resting on massivepiers. More simplistic was the Cape Cod, which is typicallyof a box shape with a high-pitched side gabled roof, anda subdued stoop. The Minimal Traditional style usuallyincludes a similar form, but will vary in size with a lowpitchedside gable roof, larger windows, and varyingstoop styles.STYLES: Folk House, Colonial Revival, Craftsman,Cape Cod, and Minimal TraditionalCHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES:Folk House (Creole Cottage)• Square or rectangular in plan form• Often has a raised basement level• Two-bay or three-bay plan orientation• Full-width front porch• Gable or hipped roof• Roof ridge runs parallel to street• Interior chimney pierces rooflineColonial Revival• Simple rectangular plan• One or two storeys• Side-gabled roofs• Symmetrical and balanced fenestration• Classical colonial detailing (columns, engagedpilasters, cornices, entablatures, and shutteredwindows)• Horizontal wood siding (clapboards or lapped siding)Craftsman• Mixed construction materials (wood, stone, brick)throughout exterior and interior• Exhibit “look” of hand-crafted construction• Full or partial front porch extends beneath extension ofmain house• Roof highlighted by exposed rafters or decoratedbrackets• Deeply overhanging eaves• Tapered, square, or pyramidal columns supporting roof• Multi-paned windows and heavy doorsFolk House (Creole Cottage)Colonial RevivalCraftsmanMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS49

Cape Cod• Symmetrical appearance with centrally-placed frontentry• Steep roof with side gables• Small roof overhang• One or one-and-one-half storeys• Wood frame, covered in lap, shake, or shingle siding• Chimney placed at gable end of house• Gabled dormers• Multi-paned, double-hung windows• Shutters• Simple exterior ornamentationCape CodMinimal Traditional• Lack of important architectural features• One or one-and-one-half storeys (occasionally full twostoreys)• Low pitched gable roof• Dominant front gable• Ribbon windows• Picture windows• No front porches• Attached garagesMinimal Traditional50 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

TYPE: L-Shaped (Gable-Front-and-Wing)In form, these houses generally exhibit two distinctsections that include a long narrow portion, like a“shotgun” with a shorter, box-like wing constituting anL-shaped form. This composition varies in two waysdepending on its situation on a lot—as a gable-frontand-wingor in the manner of row-like building withthe wing’s gable as the façade. Porches or galleriesare usually found along the front or side of the wing orlongest section of the house. These houses usually havean L-shaped pitched roof with gables at each end. Whilemost commonly constructed as one-storey dwellings,this form is occasionally expanded to a full two-storeyheight.Buildings exhibiting this form are usually found in twodistinct styles. The Folk House is the most commonstylistic type, with almost no use of decorative detail. Itis situated in a row-like setting with the small wing in therear and the long, narrow portion projecting to the frontof the lot with its narrow gable and side-porch as thebuildings façade. Typically situated in the gable-frontand-wingsituation, the Folk Victorian style is typifiedby its use of brackets under eaves, spindlework porchdetails, and, occasionally, ornate doors and/or stainedglass windows.STYLES: Folk House and Folk VictorianCHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES:Folk House (with side hall and rear wing); Folk Victorian(side hall and rear wing); Folk Victorian (front gable andside hall)• L-shaped plan• Wood siding• Front and side hall (L-shaped porch)• Front and side gable (L-shaped porch)Folk Victorian• L-shaped plan• Elaborate wood siding• Spindlework and turned banisters and balusters• Wrap-around porches• Decorative architectural elements in roof apexFolk HouseFolk VictorianFolk Victorian (Front Gable and Side Hall)Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS51

TYPE: Pyramidal (Complex Roof)This house type is found throughout the region typicallyas a one- or one-and-one-half-storey massing often calleda Bayed Cottage. This building form is usually found withsquare plans, but often allows for projecting bay windows,dormers, towers, and even small wings. Roof pitch variesfrom medium to high. Almost always, this building formprovides sufficient space for wrap-around or full façadeporches.The Pyramid form can be found in five distinct styles. TheFolk House style usually includes full length or wraparoundporches, high pitched roofs, and limited detail.This form adapted to the Folk Victorian style is personifiedby decorative brick chimneys, dormers, wrap-aroundporches, spindle work porch details, and occasionally,ornate doors and/or stain glass windows.The Queen Anne style is represented in one- to one-andone-half-storeydwellings with extensive decorative detailfound on porches, cornices, doors, and windows. Forexample, in the photo labeled Queen Anne, a Pyramidalhouse has been elaborated with a projecting entry porch,a side porch, and a tower-like projection with decorativefrieze windows and ornamental brackets.The Neoclassical adaptation of the Pyramidal can be foundwith full porches along the building’s façade with columnsthat seemingly work as roof supports. Balustrades,wide steps, and full transoms often compliment homesdesigned in the Neoclassic style.The Colonial Revival style was also apparent in thePyramidal with the use of accentuated front doors, fulltransoms, side gabled and hipped roofs, windows inadjacent pairs, the use of symmetry, stoops rather thanporches, and in some cases second-storey overhangs.The Craftsman style can also be found in the region, withshed or gabled dormers, exposed beams, varied shedand gabled porches, and varied support columns. Integralfeatures for the Pyramidal house include complex floorplan, pyramid, complex roof, wood siding, and front and/orwrap-around porches.STYLES: Folk House (no photo), Folk Victorian,Queen Anne, Neoclassic, Colonial Revival, andCraftsmanCHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES:Folk Victorian• Square, symmetrical shape• Wrap-around porches with spindlework• Front gable and side wings• Bracketed eaves• Low pitched pyramidal roof• Decorative jigsaw-cut architectural elementsQueen Anne• Complex floor plan• Pyramidal/complex roof• Wood siding• Front and/or wrap-around, spacious porch• Stain glass and/or irregular shaped windows• Towers and/or turrets• Decorative vents, flat jigsaw trim, cornice returns,cornerboards, two-storey bays, brackets, spindlework,stickwork, turned porch posts and balusters, and baywindows• Mixed wall cladding (clapboard and shingle)Folk VictorianQueen AnneNeoclassic52 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Neoclassic• Front porches (varying in size)• Columns (varying in size and use)• Clean lines, symmetry, balance, and basic geometricforms• Monumental appearance• Simple porch detail and monumental cornicesColonial RevivalCraftsmanColonial Revival• Simple rectangular plan• One or two storeys• Side-gabled roofs• Symmetrical and balanced fenestration• Classical colonial detailing (columns, engagedpilasters, cornices, entablatures, and shutteredwindows)• Horizontal wood siding (clapboards or lapped siding)Craftsman• Mixed construction materials (wood, stone, brick)throughout exterior and interior• Exhibit “look” of hand-crafted construction• Full or partial front porch extends beneath extension ofmain house• Roof highlighted by exposed rafters or decoratedbrackets• Deeply overhanging eaves• Tapered, square, or pyramidal columns supporting roof• Multi-paned windows and heavy doorsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS53

TYPE: I-House Two-Storey Box (Side Gable)This building form is found throughout the United States,but is usually less stylized in the South. The housecomes in two basic forms—rectangular and box—andis generally two or more storeys with a side-gable roof.Often there are additions to these houses; however, themost common are in the rear or even to the side. Thesehouses can be found in four distinct styles. The Folk Housestyle maintains the box or I-House form, but have limitedstylized detailed. The Folk Victorian often has a porch withornamental porch details, brackets, decorative gables infront, and ornamental brackets. The Colonial Revival stylewas distinct as it maintained subdued attributes from theGeorgian and Adams architectural tradition. For example,the Colonial Revival house shown here exhibits notablefeatures such as a small stoop-like porch and classicallyinspiredfanlight above the door. The Neoclassic style isdefined by a full front porch, one- or two-storey buildingheight, and decorative, often Grecian, columns supportingthe overhang.Folk HouseFolk VictorianSTYLES: Folk House, Folk Victorian,Colonial Revival, and NeoclassicCHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES:Folk House• I-House, box plan• Two storeys• Side-gabled roofs• Clapboard/wood siding• Exaggerated stoop or front porch (varying in size)Folk Victorian• Complex floor plan• Pyramidal/complex roof• Wood siding• Front and/or wrap-around, spacious porch• Stain glass and/or irregular shaped windowsColonial Revival• Towers and/or turrets• Decorative vents, flat jigsaw trim, cornice returns,cornerboards, two-storey bays, brackets, spindlework,stickwork, turned porch posts and balusters, and baywindows• Mixed wall cladding (clapboard and shingle)Colonial Revival• Simple rectangular plan• One or two storeys• Side-gabled roofs• Symmetrical and balanced fenestrationNeoclassic• Classical colonial detailing (columns, engagedpilasters, cornices, entablatures, and shutteredwindows)• Horizontal wood siding (clapboards or lapped siding)Neoclassic• Front porches (varying in size)• Columns (varying in size and use)• Clean lines, symmetry, balance, and basic geometricforms• Monumental appearance• Simple porch detail and monumental cornices54 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Local Historic Preservation Review Processes, Analyses of Resources Within Boundaries ofLocally Designated Historic Districts, and Damage Caused by Hurricane Katrina by JurisdictionHancock CountyHistoric Preservation Review – Bay St. LouisThe following is a brief overview of the design reviewprocess for a Certificate of Appropriateness only andshould not be used in place of the Bay St. Louis HistoricPreservation or Zoning Ordinance.Bay St. Louis Preservation CommissionWhat is a Certificate of Appropriateness?A Certificate of Appropriateness is simply a document thatyou receive from the Preservation Commission statingthat the application conforms with appropriate designcriteria and standards. A Certificate is required beforemost exterior work begins and before a building permitcan be issued.Design Review Approval Process• Hearings are conducted on the 2nd and 4th Thursdaysof every month at 5:30 p.m.• You may request a preliminary conference with amember of the Commission to make any changes tothe application that might be more consistent with theCommission’s standards.• Attend the Commission hearing to present yourrelevant information in support of your application.The Bay St. Louis Preservation Commission preserves andpromotes the city’s historic resources and advises the cityon the designation of historic districts, landmarks, andlandmark sites.The Preservation Commission reviews proposed changesto any individual landmark or property located withina locally designated historic whether the property isimproved or unimproved.Design review guidelines for the respective landmarks,landmark sites, and historic districts are set out in CityOrdinance No. 509.Purpose of Design ReviewThe purpose of design review is to protect and preservethe existing character and integrity of individual propertiesand their immediate surroundings whether located withinan historic district or standalone.The design review process applies to all propertiesincluded in a locally designated district regardless of ageor architectural style. In addition, the Commission reviewsnew construction to ensure visual compatibility with thesurrounding environment.An application for a Certificate of Appropriateness can befiled on a form provided by the City’s building department.All applications require supporting documentation whichwill generally include photos of the area where work isto be done, a site plan and drawings depicting any newconstruction or alterations, and the materials proposed.The Commission may approve, deny, or defer theapplication pending further information or changes. Insome cases, the Commission may approve the applicationcontingent on certain conditions that must be met beforea Certificate is issued. Decisions of the Commission arefinal, and are appealable to the Bay St. Louis City Council.The issuance of a Certificate does not relieve you fromcompliance with any other zoning or building requirementunder the laws of the City.Preservation Commission Approval Process• Submit application with required documentation to theBay St. Louis Building Department.• If a meeting of the Commission is not alreadyscheduled within 30 days, the completed applicationwill be considered no later than 15 days after filing.• The Commission may approve, deny, or continue yourcase to the next scheduled hearing.• If the project is approved, the Certificate will be issuedto you and the building official.• Obtain any other necessary permits or variances.(Contact the building department at 228-469-0531 forfurther information.)• Work may proceed once a building permit has beenissued.• Certificate expires in 6 months if work has not begun.For more information, contact:Bay St. Louis Building Department688 Highway 90Bay St. Louis, MS 39520228-496-0531www.baysaintlouiscity.comMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS55

Summary Description of BeachBoulevard Historic DistrictThe Beach Boulevard Historic District was designated alocal historic district by the City Council of Bay St. Louisin 1980. Within this large historic district there are fourdistricts listed in the National Register of Historic Places:the Beach Boulevard Historic District, Main Street HistoricDistrict, Sycamore Street Historic District, and WashingtonStreet Historic District. The local district is bound at thesouth by Beach Boulevard; at the north by Third and St.Francis Streets, as well as Dunbar Avenue; at the west byRamaneda and Washington Streets; and at the east byHighway 90. Prior to the hurricane, the district containedroughly 728 residential (with some commercial) buildingsand the architectural styles varied greatly. The buildingtypes and styles ranged from small row-like shotgunhouses, Creole cottages, and Craftsman/bungalowresidential buildings to Neoclassical and Spanish Coloniallocal institutional buildings. The historic district conveysa sense of the small town, rural life in the Mississippi GulfCoast.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?According to the Hancock County Historical Society, BaySt. Louis’s local historic district consisted of roughly 728buildings prior to the storm. In an effort to account forboth the buildings lost and those extant, members of thehistorical society conducted a house-by-house survey,which included photographs that can be found, listed byeach specific address, on their Web site. The photography,in most cases, includes imagery of buildings destroyedby the storm, which serves as a permanent record of thehistoric fabric that is no longer extant. Conducted post-Katrina, the survey accounted for roughly 232 buildings,predominantly residential, that are no longer extant. Itis estimated that roughly 32 percent of the buildingswithin the historic district were lost and/or rendered to anirrecoverable condition as a result of the hurricane. 2These results were further confirmed in July 2008 byan architectural historian contracted by the MDA whoperformed a windshield survey of the district.The local historic district is physically segregated byperiods of construction and utility. These “boundaries”are embodied, in part, by the existing National RegisterDistricts. For example, Washington Street contains acombination of commercial, institutional, and residentialbuildings that in some cases are used as they werehistorically, and in other cases serve a different,contemporary function. And while Beach Boulevard has afew commercial and institutional buildings, it is primarilya residential street boasting medium- to large-sizewaterfront houses.2 “Preservation: Historic Districts.” The Hancock County HistoricalSociety. July 2008 56 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

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HENLEYBOOKTERRAMONEDAPost-Hurricane Katrina - Beach Boulevard Historic DistrictPINESUNSETREESEUNKNOWNHWY 90PHILLIPRUELLA£¤ 90STATEGENINDEMONTLUZINCARROLLWEBSTERSAINT JOHNULMANMCDONALDLegendSEMINARYBREATHRoad TypeInterstateTIMBERBAY VIEWUS HighwayState HighwayLocalMAINLocal Historic DistrictEASTERBROOK2NDSAINT GEORGEUNIONKELLERSYCAMORENECAISEMARTYCUEGEXCOURTLABATDEPOTBLAIZESAINT CHARLESPECAN PARKCENTRALBALLENTINECARREWASHINGTONCITIZENCARONHANCOCKImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.25Mile1 Inch equals 0.25 MileLocation MapWEBBCHANTILLY3RDBay St.Louis -Beach Boulevard HDBEACHMississippiAlabamaLouisianaBIENVILLEBAY OAKSI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1723_PreKat_HD_BSL_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBay St. Louis58 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

HENLEYKELLERBOOKTERRAMONEDABeach Boulevard Historic DistrictPINESUNSETREESEUNKNOWNHWY 90PHILLIPLegendGENINRUELLAWEBSTERSEMINARYTIMBERBREATH£¤ 90Road TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwaySTATECARROLLLocalDEMONTLUZINSAINT JOHNMAINULMANBAY VIEWMCDONALDNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)EASTERBROOKSAINT GEORGEArea of Potential Effect2NDLocal Historic DistrictUNIONBuilding FootprintParcel BoundarySYCAMORENECAISEMARTYCUEGEXCOURTLABATDEPOTBLAIZEBay St.Louis -Beach Boulevard HDSAINT CHARLESPECAN PARKBALLENTINEWASHINGTONCENTRALCARRECITIZENCARONHANCOCK±Arkansas0 0.25Mile1 Inch equals 0.25 MileLocation MapCHANTILLY3RDBay St.Louis -Beach Boulevard HDBEACHMississippiAlabamaLouisianaBIENVILLEBAY OAKSI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1722_PreKat_HD_BSL_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBay St. LouisMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS59

Harrison CountyHistoric Preservation Review – BiloxiThe following is a brief overview of the design reviewprocess for a Certificate of Appropriateness only andshould not be used in place of the City of Biloxi HistoricPreservation Ordinance or the Land DevelopmentOrdinance.Biloxi Architectural and HistoricalReview Commission (AHRC)The Biloxi AHRC promotes historic preservation effortsin the community and provides a review process toensure appropriate rehabilitation and compatible newconstruction in Biloxi’s historic areas.The AHRC reviews proposed changes to any building orlot within any Architectural/Historic Overlay (AHO) District,including new construction. In addition, the AHRC reviewsproposed changes to any landmark or any building or lotlocated within 300 feet of any landmark or historic district.Design review guidelines for the respective landmarks,landmark sites, and architectural/historic overlay districtsare set out in Appendix A of the Biloxi Land DevelopmentOrdinance.Purpose of Design ReviewThe purpose of design reviews is to protect and preservethe existing character of historic districts and individualhistoric properties whether part of an historic district or aLocal Landmark.The design guidelines apply to all properties that areincluded in a locally designated historic district regardlessof age or architectural style. For non-historic buildings theAHRC’s primary concern is to preserve the relationship ofthe non-historic buildings with adjacent historic buildingsand streetscapes.What is a Certificate of Appropriateness?A Certificate of Appropriateness is simply a document thatyou receive from the AHRC stating that the applicationconforms and is in keeping with appropriate design criteriaand standards. A Certificate is required before mostexterior work begins and before a building permit can beissued.Design Review Approval ProcessAn application for design review can be filed with theAHRC staff on the form provided by the CommunityDevelopment Department. All applications requiresupporting documentation which generally includesphotos of the area where work is to be done, a siteplan and drawings depicting any new construction oralterations, and the materials proposed. Contact thebuilding department for a complete list of requireddocuments.The AHRC may approve or deny all or part of theapplication, as it determines appropriate. An approval withconditions is subject to final approval of the planning staffafter all conditions and standards have been fully met.Decisions of the AHRC are final, and are appealable to theBiloxi City Council.Once the AHRC has approved the application, the AHRCsecretary shall issue a Certificate of Appropriateness andtransmit copies to you and the building official, as well asretain a copy for the AHRC files.The issuance of a Certificate does not relieve you fromcompliance with any other zoning or building requirementunder the laws of the City.AHRC Approval Process• Submit application with required documentation.• Hearings are conducted on the 2nd and 4th Thursdaysof every month at 8:30 a.m.• The completed application will be considered if filed 7days prior to the next scheduled AHRC meeting.• Attend the Commission hearing to present your caseto the AHRC.• AHRC may approve, deny, or continue your case to thenext scheduled hearing.• If the project is approved, the Certificate will be issuedto you and the building official.• Obtain any other necessary permits or variances.(Contact the Building Division at 228-435-6270 forfurther information.)• Work may proceed once a building permit has beenissued.• Upon completing construction, an Occupancy Permitwill be issued when all conditions of the Certificate ofAppropriateness and other required permits have beenmet.• A Certificate expires in 1 year if work has notsubstantially commenced.For additional questions, please call:Community Development: 228-435-6266Building Division: 228-435-6270Historical Administrator: 228-435-6244www.biloxi.ms.us60 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Summary Description of the West CentralHistoric DistrictThe West Central Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by the City of Biloxi on September 16,1988. This designation followed a formal listing in theNational Register on May 18, 1984. Boundaries for thelocal district are much larger and more inclusive thanthe National Register District. The local district includesWest Beach Boulevard between Porter Avenue andHopkins Boulevard, Benachi Avenue between West BeachBoulevard and Howard Avenue, Seal Avenue betweenWest Beach Boulevard and Division Street, and threeproperties on the south end of Suter Place.A majority of the buildings along West Beach Boulevardwere constructed from the mid-nineteenth centurythrough the early-twentieth century. The residencesare large one- and two-storey wood-frame houses mostcommonly clad in lap siding. While most of the homesare stylistically vernacular, some of the homes retaininfluences of the Eastlake, Queen Anne, Neoclassical, andCraftsman styles. 3The homes along West Beach Boulevard were originallysummer homes and are among the earliest in the area.After 1900 the streets adjacent to Beach Boulevard wereestablished as a residential section for business peoplesharing in Biloxi’s economic boom of the early-twentiethcentury. 4contributing as their appearance did not detract from thestreetscape and were compatible in terms of materialsand scale. Eleven properties were described as “marginal”due to the inclusion of incompatible alterations that areirreversible or failure to maintain the scale in comparisonto primary significant and contributing properties. Nineproperties were categorized as “intrusive,” meaning thebuildings had been altered to such a degree that theiroriginal character was irretrievably obscured and/or thescale and materials were incompatible. 5How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008 an architectural historian under contractwith the MDA completed a windshield survey of thehistoric district to assess the damage inflicted by thehurricane. Prior to the storm, there were approximately430 buildings within the district. The survey concludedthat approximately 50 of these buildings were destroyed,which means that roughly 12 percent of the district’sfabric was lost as a result of the hurricane. Only ahandful of these parcels have been repopulated with newbuildings.According to the National Register nomination form, 12of the standing properties, pre-Katrina, are identified as“primary significant,” meaning the buildings retainedtheir architectural integrity and were key elements of thestreetscape. Thirty-eight properties were considered to be3 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: West CentralHistoric District, Biloxi, Mississippi. 1984.4 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: West CentralHistoric District, Biloxi, Mississippi. 1984.5 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: West CentralHistoric District, Biloxi, Mississippi. 1984.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS61

Summary Description of theDowntown Historic DistrictThe Downtown Historic District was established by the Cityof Biloxi as a local historic district. The district was alsoformally listed in the National Register of Historic Places(National Register) on September 3, 1998. Boundaries forboth the local and National Register designations are thesame. The district is located in the south central part ofBiloxi and is bound at the north by Dr. Martin Luther KingBoulevard, at the South by Highway 90, at the west byAccess Road 1A of Highway 110, and at the west by MainStreet. While the appearance of the district is commercialthere is a mixture of businesses, residences, publicbuildings, and churches in it. The district is composed oflate-nineteenth and early-twentieth century structures,as well as a number of contemporary buildings. Thestructures include one-, two-, and three-storey commercialbuildings, as well as large residential structures, a church,and a public building.This section of Biloxi was historically the densest partof the city with the earliest buildings built as dwellingsin the early part of the nineteenth century. While thelate-nineteenth century brought great developmentand, in turn, a dense commercial district, three fires—in1889, 1894, and 1900—destroyed almost the entireearly commercial district. Consequentially, the DowntownHistoric District is composed of buildings from the earlytwentiethcentury. One of the oldest commercial buildingsis Ellzey’s Hardware, historically known as The PeoplesBank (circa 1896), located at 100 West Howard Street.Howard Street, between Reynoir and Main Streets, isthe most cohesive part of the district with a long row ofcommercial buildings on the north and south sides ofthe street. These structures are of stone and masonryconstruction predominantly built in the Romanesque,Colonial Revival, and Art Deco styles. Both original andadapted commercial structures are also found awayfrom Howard Street in various parts of the district. Thesebuildings are intermixed with large residential mansionsand are the former homes of business owners. Otherstructures within the district include the Church of theNativity and City Hall, which are some of Biloxi’s mostnotable edifices. 6According to an architectural survey conducted in 1976,the historic district included roughly 17 commercial and20 residential structures. The public buildings includedCity Hall, the City Water Works Pump House, and the BiloxiPublic Library.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008 an architectural historian under contractwith MDA completed a windshield survey of the historicdistrict and its boundaries to assess the damage causedby the hurricane. The assessment concluded that theDowntown Historic District contains roughly 134 parcelsconsisting of extant buildings, empty lots as a result ofthe storm, and vacant parcels. The commercial district ofHoward Street is extant, as are many other surroundingbusinesses that are housed in historic structures. Amongthe residences, many in the heart of the district survivedwith minimal damage. Along and near Beach Boulevardare roughly 8 new buildings and 5 empty lots representingbuildings destroyed by the storms. It is estimated thatapproximately 10 percent of the district’s buildings werelost as a result of hurricanes, and over half of these haveor are being rebuilt.6 The Buildings of Biloxi: An Architectural Survey. City of Biloxi: Biloxi,Mississippi. 1976.62 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

PORTERIROQUOISHOPKINSRASADOMAINMAYCOCKELMERREEDBAPTISTDUKATEPre-Hurricane Katrina - West Central and Downtown Historic DistrictsBZ DACBAYLYCOLUMBUSCHEROKEEFORRESTLINDENQUERENSBENACHIGEORGE QUINTGRAHAMETHELTHELMADIRTSANTINIINTERSTATE 110BOHNPERCYCOUEVASCAILLAVETELKANGLADAFAYARDREYNOIRCROESUSMAGNOLIADELAUNEYHAISELAMEUSEMIDWAYSWANDIVISIONROYNIXONLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictIRISH HILLAZALEAGILLROBERTSONHOWARDROSELLEBOLTONLESTRADE£¤90YOUNGHAMJOACHIMTULLIERSUTEROAK GROVESEALESPOSITOBiloxi - WestCentral HDBALTARGRANTI-110 AND BEACH DR EXIT§¨¦ 110THOMASESTERSBiloxi - BiloxiDowntown HDBEACHRUE MAGNOLIAOHRMCELROYJACKSONWATERWASHINGTONImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaUNKNOWNI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1731_PreKat_HD_BIL2_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS63

PORTERIROQUOISHOPKINSRASADOMAINMAYCOCKELMERREEDBAPTISTDUKATEPost-Hurricane Katrina - West Central and Downtown Historic DistrictsZ DCCOLUMBUSGEORGE QUINTDIRTPERCYLegendRoad TypeInterstateBCHEROKEEELKCROESUSHAISESWANUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictHOLDENABAYLYFORRESTLINDENQUERENSBENACHIGRAHAMETHELTHELMASANTINIINTERSTATE 110BOHNCOUEVASCAILLAVETANGLADAFAYARDREYNOIRMAGNOLIADELAUNEYLAMEUSEMIDWAYDIVISIONIRISH HILLROBERTSONHOWARDESPOSITOBiloxi - WestCentral HDESTERSWASHINGTONMCELROY§¨¦ 110 £¤ 90AZALEAGILLROSELLEBOLTONLESTRADEYOUNGHAMJOACHIMTULLIERSUTEROAK GROVESEALBALTARI-110 AND BEACH DR EXITGRANTTHOMASBEACHBiloxi - BiloxiDowntown HDRUE MAGNOLIAOHRJACKSONWATERImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaUNKNOWNI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1732_PreKat_HD_BIL2_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxi64 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

PORTERIROQUOISHOPKINSCRUSADERSMAINMAYCOCKELMERREEDBAPTISTWest Central and Downtown Historic DistrictsBZ DCCOLUMBUSCHEROKEEDIVISIONGEORGE QUINTDIRTPERCYHENLEYELKCROESUSHAISEMORANRASADOSWANRoad TypeLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic District6THHOLDENABAYLYFORRESTLINDENQUERENSBENACHIGRAHAMETHELTHELMASANTINIINTERSTATE 110BOHNCOUEVASCAILLAVETANGLADAFAYARDREYNOIRMAGNOLIADELAUNEYLAMEUSEMIDWAYArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryIRIS HI LROBERTSONHOWARDESPOSITOESTERSAZALEAGILLROSELLEBOLTONLESTRADEBiloxi - WestCentral HDYOUNGHAMJOACHIMTULLIERSUTEROAK GROVESEALBALTARGRANTTHOMASWASHINGTONBiloxi - BiloxiDowntown HDJACKSON±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation Map§¨¦ 110 £¤ 90BEACHRUE MAGNOLIAOHRWATERDUKATEMississippiAlabamaI-110 AND BEACH DR EXITLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1733_PreKat_HD_BIL2_PARC.mxdUNKNOWNLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS65

Summary Description of the EastCentral Historic DistrictThe East Central Historic District was established as alocal historic district by the City of Biloxi. The district islocated in east Biloxi and primarily to the north and alsoto the south of Highway 90 extending west from NixonStreet to a few blocks east of Kuhn Street. With very fewstructures south of the highway, the district is a mix ofresidential and commercial structures.Established in the late-nineteenth century as summerresidences for the wealthy, the area that encompasses theEast Central Historic District was, in part, the estate of J.H.Keller, a wealthy soap manufacturer from New Orleans.The property was used as his summer residence until itwas developed in 1896 as a subdivision for residentialhousing. Dwellings were built in the late-nineteenth andearly-twentieth centuries and represent middle classdevelopment in Biloxi during that period. The districtalso includes businesses and a park. The park includes a“Shoo-fly,” which was an elevated deck raised in height inorder to keep the mosquitoes away from inhabitants. Thecurrent Shoo-fly is a reconstruction of the original whichwas lost in a past storm. The residential structures includevarious residential building types, such as shotgun housesand Creole cottages, and were designed in the FolkVictorian, Queen Anne, and Craftsman styles. 7According to an architectural survey conducted in 1976,the district included roughly 50 residences. The surveyalso identifies two commercial buildings—a large sixstoreyhotel and a small one-storey barbecue factory. 8How Has the East Central Historic District ChangedDue to the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008 an architectural historian under contractwith MDA completed a windshield survey of the historicdistrict in order to assess the damage caused by thehurricanes. Prior to the storm, the district included roughly31 beachfront parcels populated with buildings. Only 3 ofthe 31 original buildings are extant, all of which are newbuildings, including the new and incomplete Ohr-O’KeefeMuseum, which was being designed by modern architectFrank Gehry at the time of the storm, and is currentlybeing completed. With the devastation to this district, nohistoric buildings remain on the beachfront and the districtsuffered a loss of roughly 95 percent of its original fabric.7 The Buildings of Biloxi: An Architectural Survey. City of Biloxi: Biloxi,Mississippi 1976.8 The Buildings of Biloxi: An Architectural Survey. City of Biloxi: Biloxi,Mississippi. 1976.66 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

MAYCOCKREEDBAPTISTDUKATENICHOLSBELLMANPre-Hurricane Katrina - East Central Historic DistrictMAINELMERNIXONSPANNERESTERSLEEBOWENBROWNFOUNTAINDORRIESSTRANGIALLENBONNERSHORTRAILROAD4THOAK5THMAPLELegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayALEXANDERJEFFERSONPEYTONLILLYAHERNFOWLERSHELLPEARLCRAWFORDWISTERIALocalLocal Historic DistrictWASHINGTONCOPPRICHMONDHOXIE3RDHOWARDCLAYJACKSONWATERCOMFORTKELLERHOLLEYKUHNSOPHIEHOODLAMEUSE£¤ 90Biloxi - EastCentral HDMEAUT1STBEACHUNKNOWNImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1750_PreKat_HD_BIL3_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS67

MAYCOCKREEDBAPTISTDUKATENICHOLSBELLMANPost-Hurricane Katrina - East Central Historic DistrictMAINELMERNIXONSPANNERESTERSLEEBOWENBROWNFOUNTAINDORRIESSTRANGIALLENBONNERSHORTRAILROAD4THOAK5THMAPLELegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayALEXANDERJEFFERSONPEYTONLILLYAHERNFOWLERSHELLPEARLCRAWFORDWISTERIALocalLocal Historic DistrictWASHINGTONCOPPRICHMONDHOXIE3RDHOWARDCLAYJACKSONWATERCOMFORTKELLERHOLLEYKUHNSOPHIEHOODLAMEUSE£¤ 90Biloxi - EastCentral HDMEAUT1STBEACHUNKNOWNImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1751_PreKat_HD_BIL3_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxi68 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

MAYCOCKREEDBAPTISTDUKATENICHOLSBELLMANEast Central Historic DistrictMAINELMERNIXONSPANNERALEXANDERCOPPESTERSJEFFERSONPEYTONLEEBOWENLILLYBROWNAHERNFOUNTAINDORRIESSTRANGIALLENBONNERFOWLERSHELLPEARLSHORTRICHMONDCRAWFORDRAILROADHOXIE4THOAK3RDWISTERIA5THMAPLERoad TypeLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryWASHINGTONHOWARDCLAYJACKSONWATERCOMFORTKELLERHOLLEYKUHNSOPHIEHOODLAMEUSEBiloxi - EastCentral HDMEAUT1STUNKNOWN£¤ 90BEACH±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1752_PreKat_HD_BIL3_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS69

Summary Description of theEdgewater Park Historic DistrictThe Edgewater Park Historic District was establishedby the City of Biloxi as a local historic district, althoughit functions more like a conservation district. Districtboundaries include Beach Boulevard to the south, theEdgewater Mall to the west, Switzer-Kenmore Road tothe north, and the parcels east of Balmoral Street to theeast. The district represents one of the early-twentiethcentury subdivisions in West Biloxi. The neighborhood wasdeveloped in the 1920s, but only maintains 3 buildingsfrom that period. Originally, a large resort hotel bearingthe name Edgewater was adjacent to the neighborhood.The hotel was razed in the 1960s when Edgewater Parkwas experiencing the growth that is evident in its extantfabric. The majority of the dwellings within the districtwere built between the 1960s and 1980s.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contract withMDA completed a windshield survey of the historic districtand its boundaries to assess the damage caused by thehurricanes. The assessment concluded that the districtcontains approximately 137 total parcels, including extantbuildings, empty lots resulting from the storm, and vacantparcels. Thirteen buildings within the district were lost asa result of the storm. This led to a 6 percent loss of thedistrict’s buildings.70 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Edgewater Park Historic DistrictPETIT BOISAUDUBONPALAFOXSTENNISZACHARYLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalEXECUTIVELocal Historic DistrictUNKNOWNSWITZERBRYN MAWRKENMOREBiloxi -EdgewaterPark HDEDGEWATERWILSONBALMORALPINE GROVEBEACONEISENHOWERMARSHALLBARQBRIARFIELDImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation Map£¤ 90MississippiAlabamaBEACHLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1747_PreKat_HD_BIL_EDGE_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS71

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Edgewater Park Historic DistrictPETIT BOISAUDUBONPALAFOXSTENNISZACHARYLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalEXECUTIVELocal Historic DistrictUNKNOWNSWITZERBRYN MAWRKENMOREBiloxi -EdgewaterPark HDEDGEWATERWILSONBALMORALPINE GROVEBEACONEISENHOWERMARSHALLBARQBRIARFIELDImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation Map£¤ 90MississippiAlabamaBEACHLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1748_PreKat_HD_BIL_EDGE_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxi72 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Edgewater Park Historic DistrictAUDUBONPALAFOXZACHARYRoad TypeLegendSTENNISInterstatePETIT BOISUS HighwayState HighwayLocalEXECUTIVENational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBRYN MAWRBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryUNKNOWNSWITZERWILSONBALMORALKENMOREBiloxi - EdgewaterPark HDPINE GROVEEDGEWATERBEACONEISENHOWERBRIARFIELDBARQMARSHALL£¤ 90±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaBEACHLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1749_PreKat_HD_BIL_EDGE_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS73

Summary Description of thePoint Cadet Historic DistrictThe Point Cadet Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on September 16, 1988.The district is located in the southeast section of Biloxi andextends on the north and south sides of Highway 90 fromthe west at Oak Street to the eastern end of the peninsulanamed Point Cadet. The buildings to the north of Highway90 were mainly wood-frame residential structures fromthe late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries,whereas the buildings to the south of the highway andalong the waterfront were commercial and/or industrialbuildings.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contract withMDA conducted a windshield survey of the historic districtand its boundaries to assess the hurricane’s impact tothe historic fabric. According to an architectural surveyof Biloxi conducted in 1976, 25 residential buildings werelisted as contributing resources. Whether or not therewere non-contributing buildings within the district isunknown. None of the buildings constituting the historicdistrict are extant.Cadet Point was developed in the mid-nineteenth century(1845) when Biloxi’s first subdivision, Summerville, wasestablished by Charles Eugenius McCaleb. Until the latenineteenthcentury, there were only a few homes builtin Summerville, which served as residences for wealthybusiness people. The Bailey House, also known as theWesley House, was built between 1846 and 1852 and is aprinciple attribute of the historic district. In 1884, the firstcanning companies were established along the waterfront,which is now the area south of Highway 90. Establishmentof the seafood businesses on Cadet Point led to the needfor labor and housing for employees. Because of theneed for conveniently located housing, Summerville wasno longer reserved for the wealthy and lots were sold tofactory workers who were primarily of Slavic and Acadiandescent. Development of Cadet Point continued throughthe early-twentieth century, which is reflected in themajority of homes that constitute the district. 99 The Buildings of Biloxi: An Architectural Survey, City of Biloxi: Biloxi,Mississippi. 1976.74 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Point Cadet Historic DistrictLegendHOXIE3RDCEDARSEYMOURHOWARDRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictHOODOAKMAPLEPINEMYRTLECADETBEACH1STUNKNOWN£¤90Biloxi - PointCadet HDImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1753_PreKat_HD_BIL4_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS75

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Point Cadet Historic DistrictLegendHOXIE3RDCEDARSEYMOURHOWARDRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictHOODOAKMAPLEPINEMYRTLECADETBEACH1STUNKNOWN£¤90Biloxi - PointCadet HDImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1754_PreKat_HD_BIL4_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxi76 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Point Cadet Historic DistrictLegend3RDRoad TypeHOXIECEDARSEYMOURHOWARDInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictHOODOAKMAPLEPINEMYRTLECADETBEACHArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel Boundary1STUNKNOWN£¤90Biloxi - PointCadet HD±Arkansas0Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1755_PreKat_HD_BIL4_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS77

Summary Description of theWest Beach Historic DistrictThe West Beach Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by the City of Biloxi on September 16,1988. This designation followed a formal listing in theNational Register on May 18, 1984. Boundaries forboth the local and National Register designations arethe same. The district includes a 1-mile stretch of WestBeach Boulevard (Highway 90) between the SeashoreCampgrounds and Porter Avenue, Morrison Avenuebetween West Beach Boulevard and Father Ryan Avenue,and several properties located at the south ends of CarterAvenue and West Second Street. Most of the buildings inthe district were constructed in the late-nineteenth andearly-twentieth centuries, with Eastlake and NeoclassicalRevival stylistic influences. The houses are generallyone- and two-storey frame buildings set back from WestBeach Boulevard on spacious, cultivated lots. Within thedistrict boundaries is the park-like Old Biloxi Cemetery,distinguished by its above-ground tombs built of brick witha stucco veneer.and scale. Eighteen properties were characterized as noncontributingresources due to the addition of incompatiblealterations that are irreversible or fail to maintain the scalein comparison to the contributing properties in the district.The buildings characterized as non-contributing wereconstructed in the 1970s and consist of condominiumsand apartment buildings.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contract withMDA completed a windshield survey of the historic districtto assess the damage inflicted by the hurricane. Prior tothe storm, there were approximately 64 buildings alongthe beachfront. The survey concluded that 46 of thesebuildings were destroyed by the storm, resulting in a 70percent loss of the district’s fabric. Five of the 46 parcelshave been repopulated with new buildings.The West Beach Historic District illustrates Biloxi’sprominence as a summer resort in the late-nineteenthand early-twentieth centuries. Most of the homes in thearea were developed by and for summer residents. Thesewealthy vacationers primarily came from New Orleans,traveling on regularly scheduled “packet boats,” whichwere replaced in the 1870s with the opening of the NewOrleans and Mobile Railroad. 10According to the National Register nomination form, 49of the standing properties, pre-Katrina, were identified ascontributing resources, meaning the buildings retainedtheir architectural integrity and were a key element of thestreetscape and/or were compatible in terms of materials10 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: West BeachHistoric District, Biloxi, Mississippi. 1984.78 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

GALAXYQKEESLERROSELLEPORTERPre-Hurricane Katrina - West Beach Historic DistrictTHUNDERBOLTHERCULESDHANGAR2NDX3RDZ CZ BLARCHERCBA6THZ DDIVISIONFORRESTLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalPHANTOMFALCONPARADEZUNKNOWN4THTL5THJUDGE SEKULHOLDENBAYLYQUERENSBENACHIGRAHAMLocal Historic DistrictMILLERWILKESPLOESTIIRISH HILLGUICE BRISTER LOPEZSUMMERFATHER RYANBEACHLEGGETT£¤90HUBBARDSAINT PAULSAINT JUDEWHITEMORRISONNCALDWELLBiloxi - WestBeach HDAZALEAGILLHOWARDJOACHIMSUTERImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.2Mile1 Inch equals 0.2 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1728_PreKat_HD_BIL1_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS79

GALAXYQKEESLERROSELLEPORTERPost-Hurricane Katrina - West Beach Historic DistrictTHUNDERBOLTHERCULESDHANGAR2NDX3RDZ CZ BLARCHERCBA6THZ DDIVISIONFORRESTLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalPHANTOMFALCONPARADEZUNKNOWN4THTL5THJUDGE SEKULHOLDENBAYLYQUERENSBENACHIGRAHAMLocal Historic DistrictMILLERWILKESPLOESTIIRISH HILLGUICE BRISTER LOPEZSUMMERFATHER RYANBEACHLEGGETT£¤90HUBBARDSAINT PAULSAINT JUDEWHITEMORRISONNCALDWELLBiloxi - WestBeach HDAZALEAGILLHOWARDJOACHIMSUTERImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.2Mile1 Inch equals 0.2 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1729_PreKat_HD_BIL1_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxi80 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

1STQWest Beach Historic DistrictMEADOWSPARKLegendLARCHER4TH3RDFE5THCOURTBALBOARoad TypeInterstate2NDDZ CCZ DQUINTGEORG EUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)HANGARZ BBDIVISIONLocal Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintFORRESTPORTERHERCULES6THAParcel BoundaryTHUNDERBOLTXLJUDGE SEKULQUERENSHOLDENGRAHAMBENACHIPARADEPHANTOMFALCONZUNKNOWNTBAYLYNHOWARDGALAXYMILLERSUMMERPLOESTIGUICE BRISTER LOPEZWILKES£¤ 90 IRISH HILLFATHER RYANLEGGETTBEACHHUBBARDSAINT PAULSAINT JUDEKEESLERWHITEMORRISONCALDWELLMileBiloxi - West Beach HD ± 1 Inch equals 0.2 MileLocation MapAZALEAGILLROSELLEJOACHIMArkansas0 0.2MississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1730_PreKat_HD_BIL1_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictBiloxiMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS81

Individually Designated Local LandmarksWithin and outside of the City of Biloxi’s designated localhistoric districts are a number of individually designatedLocal Landmarks. Local Landmarks outside of local historicdistricts are surrounded by a 300-foot protective bufferzone which is also under the Historic Architectural ReviewBoard’s jurisdiction. Local Landmarks were established byCity ordinance on September 16, 1998.In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA conducted a windshield survey of the individuallandmarks to determine if they were extant. The following5 Local Landmarks were found to be no longer extant:• 360 Beach Boulevard, Tullis-Toledano Manor• 1042 Beach Boulevard, Dantzler House• 710 Beach Boulevard, Brielmaier House & ForetichHouse/Town Green• 610 Water Street, Church of the Redeemer• 122 Caldwell AvenueThe following is a list of the remaining Local Landmarks inBiloxi:• 147 Balmoral Avenue (Home in Edgewater Park)• 622 Bayview Avenue (Old Brick House)• 1061 Beach Boulevard (Biloxi Lighthouse)• 1096 Beach Boulevard• 1120 Beach Boulevard• 1210 Beach Boulevard (O.G. Swetman House)• 1230 Beach Boulevard (White House Hotel)• 1332 Beach Boulevard• 2244 Beach Boulevard (Beauvoir)• 126 Benachi Avenue• 127 Benachi Avenue• 132 Benachi Avenue• 135 Benachi Avenue• 142 Benachi Avenue• 146 Benachi Avenue• 158 Benachi Avenue• 162 Benachi Avenue• 575 Comfort Place• 634 Copp Street• 671 Division Street• 769 Division Street (United Novelty Company)• 803 Division Street (Our Mother of Sorrows)• 970 Division Street• 971 Division Street• 132 Dukate Street• 112 Edgewater Drive• 1269 Father Ryan Avenue• 1326 Father Ryan Avenue• 1352 Father Ryan Avenue (Water Plant)• 1400 Father Ryan Avenue (Water Plant)• 177 First Street (St. Michael’s Church)• 129 Fayard Street• 131 Fayard Street• 358 Forrest Avenue• 1596 Glenn Swetman St. (Glenn Swetman House)• 319 Haise Street (Fred Haise House)• 154 Hopkins Boulevard• 290 Hopkins Boulevard• 555 Howard Avenue (Bowen House)• 566 Howard Avenue• 567 Howard Avenue• 579 Howard Avenue• 632 Howard Avenue (Galloway’s Funeral Home)• 638 Howard Avenue• 657 Howard Avenue• 675 Howard Avenue (Bradford-O’Keefe Funeral Home)• 709 Howard Avenue (Masonic Temple)• 750 Howard Avenue (Old Peoples Bank)• 759 Howard Avenue• 781/783 Howard Avenue (Old Eddie’s Drug Store)• 784 Howard Avenue• 796 A&B Howard Avenue• 796 C Howard Avenue• 814 Howard Avenue (Kress Building)• 870 Howard Avenue (Church of the Nativity)• 932 Howard Avenue (Bond House – Moved Structurefrom 917 Howard Avenue)• 953 Howard Avenue• 955 Howard Avenue• 979 Howard Avenue• 988 Howard Avenue• 1046 Howard Avenue• 770 Jackson Street (Redding House)• 141 Jefferson Davis Avenue• 140 Keller Avenue (E. Barq Pop Factory)• 1295 Kensington Drive• 124 Lameuse Street (Old Biloxi Library)• 139 Lameuse Street (Creole Cottage)• 139 Lameuse Street (Biloxi Library)• 140 Lameuse Street (Biloxi City Hall)• 152 Lameuse Street (Peoples Bank)• 208 Lameuse Street• 225 Lameuse Street• 234 Lameuse Street• 364 Lameuse Street• 378 Lameuse Street• 168 Lee Street• 1400 Leggett Drive (Van Hook Hall, SeashoreMethodist Campground)• 210 Main Street• 127 Morrison Avenue (Labuzan-Stirling House)• 141 Morrison Avenue• 870 Nativity Drive (Sacred Heart High School)• 130 Porter Avenue• 170 Reynoir Street (Saenger Theater)• 330 Reynoir Street• 352 Reynoir Street• 398 Reynoir Street• 439 Reynoir Street• 116 Rue Magnolia (Brunet-Fourchey House)• 119 Rue Magnolia (Magnolia Hotel)• 125 Rue Magnolia82 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

• 129 Rue Magnolia• 131 Rue Magnolia• 134 Rue Magnolia• 136 Rue Magnolia• 149 St. Charles Street• 124 St. Paul Street• 168 St. Paul Street• 122 Seal Avenue• 126 Seal Avenue• 129 Seal Avenue• 130 Seal Avenue• 143 Seal Avenue• 144 Seal Avenue• 149 Seal Avenue• 155 Seal Avenue• 159 Seal Avenue• 187 Seal Avenue• 219 Seal Avenue• 220 Seal Avenue• 231 Seal Avenue• 235 Seal Avenue• 239 Seal Avenue• 245 Seal Avenue• 251 Seal Avenue• 257 Seal Avenue• 266 Seal Avenue• 272 Seal Avenue• 281 Seal Avenue• 1012 Tullier Court (Suter House)• 764 Water Street (Clemens House)• 782 Water Street (Scherer House [Old Spanish House])Historic Preservation Review –Pass ChristianThe following is a brief overview of the design reviewprocess for a Certificate of Appropriateness only andshould not be used in place of the Historic PreservationCommission or the Pass Christian Smart Code.Pass Christian Historic Preservation CommissionThe Pass Christian Historic Preservation Commissionpreserves and promotes the city’s historic resources andadvises the city on the designation of historic districts,landmarks, and landmark sites.The Preservation Commission reviews proposed changesto any individual landmark or property located within alocally designated historic district whether the property isimproved or unimproved.Design review guidelines for the respective landmarks,landmark sites, and historic districts are set out in theHistoric Preservation Ordinance.Purpose of Design ReviewThe purpose of design review is to protect and preservethe existing character and integrity of individual propertiesand their immediate surroundings whether located withinan historic district or standalone.The design review process applies to all propertiesincluded in a locally designated district regardless of ageor architectural style. In addition, the Commission reviewsnew construction to ensure visual compatibility with thesurrounding environment.What is a Certificate of Appropriateness?A Certificate of Appropriateness is simply a document thatyou receive from the Historic Preservation Commissiongranting approval of the Commission for the work youproposed. A Certificate is required before most exteriorwork begins and before a building permit can be issued.Design Review Approval ProcessAn application for a Certificate of Appropriateness can befiled on a form provided by the City’s Historic PreservationCode Enforcement (HPCE) Officer. All applications requiresupporting documentation which generally includedrawings and sketches of the work to be done, a site plan,and the materials proposed.The Commission may approve, deny, or defer theapplication pending further information or changes. Anapproval with conditions is subject to final approval of theHPCE Officer after all conditions and standards have beenfully met. Decisions of the Commission are final and areappealable to the Bay St. Louis City Council.The issuance of a Certificate does not relieve you fromcompliance with any other zoning or building requirementunder the laws of the City.Preservation Commission Approval Process• Submit application with required documentation to thebuilding department.• An application will be considered if filed 7 days prior toa meeting of the Commission.• Hearings are conducted on the first Wednesday ofevery month at 6:00 p.m.• You may request a pre-design conference with theCommission for guidance on conforming to the designguidelines.• Attend the Commission hearing to present relevantinformation in support of your application.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS83

• The Commission may approve, deny, or continue yourcase to the next scheduled hearing.• If the project is approved, the Certificate will be issuedto you and the building official.• Obtain any other necessary permits or variances.(Contact Code Enforcement Office at 228-452-3316 forfurther information.)• Work may proceed once a building permit has beenissued.• A Certificate expires in 12 months if work has notbegun.For more information:City of Pass Christian Planning Office203 Fleitas AvenuePass Christian, MS 39571228-452-3316www.ci.pass-christian.ms.usSummary Description of ScenicDrive Historic DistrictThe Scenic Drive Historic District was designed by theCity of Pass Christian as a local historic district in June1989. It was listed in the National Register on May 7,1979. The boundaries of the local historic district arelarger and include the entire National Register District.The local historic district area includes a 5-mile stretchof beachfront parcels consisting of substantial, andoccasionally palatial, “cottages” that was consideredto be architecturally the most complete and significantexample of an historic resort community in the region. 11Popular among prosperous planters and financiers sincethe 1830s, summer residents of Pass Christian were fromMississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. The district is alsodistinctive and architecturally significant for its buildingforms and the architectural styles that were dictatedby climatic conditions, including inset galleries, doubleleafdoors, and full-length windows allowing maximumventilation and circulation.How was the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contract withMDA completed a windshield survey of the historic districtto assess the damage inflicted by the hurricane. Prior tothe storm, there were roughly 130 buildings within thehistoric district, which were mostly along the beachfront.The survey concluded that about 76 of these buildingswere destroyed by the storm, which means that roughly58 percent of the district’s fabric was lost as a resultof the hurricane. About 7 of the 76 parcels have beenrepopulated with new buildings and many of the existingbuildings on the west side of the district have beenrehabilitated.Individually Designated Local LandmarksPass Christian Ordinance #496 created an historicPreservation Commission that provides the procedure toestablish Historic Preservation Districts and to designatearchaeological, historical, cultural, and architecturallandmarks and landmark sites. Within and outside theScenic Drive Historic District described above are a seriesof individually designated Local Landmarks, which wereestablished by city ordinance on April 18, 1989.In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA conducted a windshield survey of the individuallandmarks to determine if they were extant. The following11 Local Landmarks were found to be no longer extant:• 520 West Beach Boulevard• 706 West Beach Boulevard• 710 West Beach Boulevard• 716 West Beach Boulevard• 722 West Beach Boulevard• 800 West Beach Boulevard• 1010 West Beach Boulevard• 1020 West Beach Boulevard• 1024 West Beach Boulevard• 113 Seal Avenue• 113 Davis AvenueThe remaining Local Landmarks in Pass Christian are extant:• 1012 West Beach Boulevard• 117 Seal Avenue• 121 Seal Avenue• 123 Seal Avenue• 127 Seal Avenue• 131 Seal Avenue• 105 Land Avenue• 554 East Second Street• 722 East Second Street11 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Scenic DriveHistoric District, Pass Christian, Mississippi. 1979.This constitutes a 55 percent loss of the Local Landmarksin Pass Christian.84 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Scenic Drive Historic DistrictLEENEALPARKERRITAPRIERJUDYFOXOLGAJAMESJOHNSONRUTHHELENEBAYOUDIRT RDJONESLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayHOLLY POINTMARKETCOOKASMARDFLEITASPARK CIRCLEALICIAState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictFORESTFAIRWAYREDBUDFERNWOODDOGWOODROYAL OAKBIRCHPINEWOODSYCAMOREWOODKINGEARLCHURCHCLARKPEARSONBIELENBERGSAINT PAULWOODMANSAUCIERMORTONGRAYSONDAVISMERCIERSEALNORTHLYNNCOURTENAYLANGMENGESCENIC2NDELLENDONLINPINEHIERNHANDYHUNTERCLARENCEHOPERAILROAD5THLADY MARYBOISDOREELLIOTT£¤90SHERMANPRENTISSBROWNCEDARBAYVIEWWINTERHICKORYSPRUCETERRACEBEACHEVERETTBARKLEYVISTALEOVYDEMETZPass Christian - Scenic Drive HDImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.25Mile1 Inch equals 0.5 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1725_PreKat_HD_PCH_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictPass ChristianMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS85

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Scenic Drive Historic DistrictLEENEALPARKERRITAPRIERJUDYFOXOLGAJAMESJOHNSONRUTHHELENEBAYOUDIRT RDJONESLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayHOLLY POINTMARKETCOOKASMARDFLEITASPARK CIRCLEALICIAState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictFORESTFAIRWAYREDBUDFERNWOODDOGWOODROYAL OAKBIRCHPINEWOODSYCAMOREWOODKINGEARLCHURCHCLARKPEARSONBIELENBERGSAINT PAULWOODMANSAUCIERMORTONGRAYSONDAVISMERCIERSEALNORTHLYNNCOURTENAYLANGMENGESCENIC2NDELLENDONLINPINEHIERNHANDYHUNTERCLARENCEHOPERAILROAD5THLADY MARYBOISDOREELLIOTT£¤90SHERMANPRENTISSBROWNCEDARBAYVIEWWINTERHICKORYSPRUCETERRACEBEACHEVERETTBARKLEYVISTALEOVYDEMETZPass Christian - Scenic Drive HDImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.5Mile1 Inch equals 0.5 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1725_PreKat_HD_PCH_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictPass Christian86 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

FERNWOODScenic Drive Historic DistrictLEENEALPARKERRITAPRIERJUDYFOXOLGAJAMESJOHNSONRUTHHELENEBAYOUDIRT RDJONESRoad TypeLegendInterstateUS HighwayHOLLY POINTCOOKASMARDMARKETFLEITASPARK CIRCLEALICIAState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)PINEWOODDOGWOODBIRCHFORESTFAIRWAYREDBUDROYAL OAKSYCAMOREWOODEARLCHURCHCLARKPEARSONWOODMANSAUCIERBIELENBERGSAINT PAULMORTONGRAYSONDAVISMERCIERSEALNORTHLYNNCOURTENAYLANGMENGESCENIC2NDLocal Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryELLENDONLINPINEHIERNHANDYHUNTERCLARENCEHOPERAILROADDEMETZWINTERCEDARLEOVYPRENTISSBAYVIEWHICKORYSPRUCEEVERETT5THLADY MARYBOISDOREELLIOTT£¤90SHERMANBROWNTERRACEBARKLEYVISTABEACHPass Christian - Scenic Drive HD±Arkansas0 0.5Mile1 Inch equals 0.5 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1727_PreKat_HD_PCH_DIST_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictPass ChristianMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS87

Jackson CountyHistoric Preservation Review –Ocean SpringsThe following is a brief overview of the design reviewprocess for a Certificate of Appropriateness only andshould not be used in place of the Ocean Springs HistoricPreservation Ordinance.Ocean Springs Preservation CommissionThe Ocean Springs Preservation Commission preservesand promotes the city’s historic resources and advises thecity on the designation of historic districts, landmarks, andlandmark sites.The Preservation Commission reviews proposed changesto any individual landmark or property located withinan historic district whether the property is improved orunimproved.Design review guidelines for the respective landmarks,landmark sites, and historic districts are set out in Chapter17, Article III of the Ocean Springs Municipal Code No.19-2007.Purpose of Design ReviewThe purpose of design review is to protect and preservethe existing character and integrity of individual propertiesand their immediate surroundings, whether located withinan historic district or standalone.What is a Certificate of Appropriateness?A Certificate of Appropriateness is simply a document thatyou receive from the AHRC stating that the applicationconforms with appropriate design criteria and standards.A Certificate is required before most exterior work beginsand before a building permit can be issued.The issuance of a Certificate does not relieve you fromcompliance with any other provision of the laws of the Cityconcerning a building permit, variances, or zoning.Design Review Approval ProcessAn application for a Certificate of Appropriatenesscan be filed on a form provided by the City’s BuildingDepartment. All applications require supportingdocumentation which will generally include photos of thearea where work is to be done, a site plan and drawingsdepicting any new construction or alterations, and thematerials proposed. Contact the building department for acomplete list of required documents.The Commission may approve, deny, or defer theapplication pending further information or changes. Insome cases, the Commission may approve the applicationcontingent on certain conditions that must be met beforea Certificate is issued. Decisions of the Commissionare final and are appealable to the Ocean Springs CityCouncil.Approval Process• Submit an application with required documentation tothe building department for review.• If a meeting of the Commission is not alreadyscheduled, the completed application will beconsidered no later than 10 working days after filing.• Hearings are conducted on the 2nd Thursday of everymonth at 7:00 p.m.• You may request a preliminary conference with amember of the Commission to make any changes tothe application that might be more consistent with theCommission’s standards.• You should attend the Commission hearing to presentrelevant information in support of your application.• The Commission may approve, deny, or continue yourcase to the next schedule hearing.• If the project is approved, the Certificate will be issuedto you and the building official.• Obtain any other necessary permits or variances.(Contact the building department for furtherinformation.)• Work may proceed once the building permit has beenissued.• Construction must begin within 1 year and becompleted within 2 years unless an extension isgranted.For more information contact:Building Department1018 Porter AvenueOcean Springs, MS 39564228-875-4415www.oceansprings-ms.gov88 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Summary Description of Old OceanSprings Historic DistrictThe Old Ocean Springs Historic District was designateda local historic district by city ordinance on October 16,1990. This designation followed a formal listing in theNational Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1987.Boundaries for both the local and National Registerdesignations are the same. The district is comprised ofseveral residential blocks situated along the southernand western borders of the central business district ofOcean Springs. The boundaries encompass properties onJackson and Washington Avenues between Porter Avenueand Front Beach Drive, the waterfront homes on thenorth side of Front Beach Drive between Martin Avenueand Inner Harbor Road, and the those on the east side ofMartin Avenue between Front Beach Drive and ClevelandAvenue. 12The district is significant for its architecture and offersa variety of forms and styles, which have been adaptedfor the weather conditions of the Gulf Coast Region. 13The period of significance for the historic district spansfrom circa 1850 to 1935. Most of the houses are one- orone-and-one-half-storey wood-frame buildings. Manyof the buildings rest on brick piers or have raised orpartially raised basements. The contributing buildingswere influenced by the Greek Revival, Queen Anne,and Craftsman styles. While built as a residentialneighborhood, some of the buildings have been adaptedfor commercial use, including small offices and a funeralhome. The district also includes two church complexesand a small modern office building.spread use of full-width or wrap-around porches orgalleries. Although settled as a fishing village shortly afterthe 1699 establishment of nearby Fort Maurepas, thearea that constitutes this district experienced only limitedgrowth until the inception of steamer service betweenMobile and New Orleans in the 1820s and 1830s. In the1850s, the awakening interest in the small communityreceived additional impetus from the discovery andexploitation of the mineral springs near the Old FortBayou. This discovery led many residents of New Orleansto build resort homes in the town.Out of the 105 resources in the Old Ocean SpringsHistoric District, 65 are contributing buildings and 40 arenon-contributing buildings. In addition, there is the LittleChildren’s Park and adjoining city-owned vacant lot, bothof which are non-contributing elements. 14How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA performed a field survey of the Old OceanSprings Historic District. Maps show that prior to HurricaneKatrina there were approximately 148 residential buildingsincluded in the local district. Post-Katrina, there areapproximately 127 residential buildings. This loss ofhistoric fabric has resulted in a 15 percent loss of thedistricts’ original composition. At least 5 of the 21 parcelslost have had new structures built on them since thestorm.Summary Description of Bowen AvenueHistoric DistrictThe Bowen Avenue Historic District was designated alocal historic district by city ordinance on October 16,1990. The district visually reflects the major trends ofmiddle-class residential development in Ocean Springsfrom the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century.The residences that constitute the historic district aresingle-family, detached structures located on the northand south sides of Bowen Avenue. The district consistsof two blocks of Bowen Avenue and is bound by KotzumAvenue to the west and Pershing Avenue to the east.Among the dwellings within the local historic district,1112 and 1410 Bowen Avenue are individually listed inthe National Register and represent late-nineteenth andearly-twentieth century residential development, as wellas architecture designed in the Queen Anne style in OceanSprings. The structures within the district are one-storeydwellings that are primarily of wood-frame construction. 15How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA performed a field survey of the Bowen AvenueHistoric District. Maps show that prior to Hurricane Katrinathere were 35 residential buildings included in the localdistrict. While there are now 33 residential buildingswithin the district boundaries, the loss of historic fabricwas not a result of the Hurricane Katrina and there wasno substantive storm damage to the properties within thedistrict.An architectural response to Gulf Coast climatic conditionsis reflected in the scarcity of chimneys and the wide-12 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Old OceanSprings Historic District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.13 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Old OceanSprings Historic District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.14 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Old OceanSprings Historic District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.15 “National Register Information System.” ParkNet. National ParkService. 28 May 2008 .Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS89

CLARKSTATEHANDYPre-Hurricane Katrina - Old Ocean Springs and Bowen Avenue Historic DistrictsCHEROKEEHILLANDALEHOWARDMAGINNISIOLAPORTERWILLIAMSLOVERSMCNAMEEETHELOAKWOOD1STAZALEAWULFFFRONT BEACHMARTINCATCHOTCLEVELANDRUSKINSIGNALMOSLEYRAYBURN£¤90COXJACKSONOcean Springs - OldOcean Springs HDCHURCHCALHOUNOCEANWASHINGTONROBINSONDESOTOBELLANDEJOSEPHDEWEYCASHKOTZUMBIENVILLEMINORLAFONTAINEBLOUNTOcean Springs - Bowen Avenue HDRUSSELLHAZELVANCLEAVEBOWENMIDDLEHELLMERSHARBORGENERAL PERSHINGWARDMAGNOLIAWARRENWEEDDAVISSHEARWATERFOREST HILLDELLKENSINGTONSCHOOLRAILROADGOVERNMENTPINESTUARTRoad Type±ArkansasLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1760_PreKat_HD_OSP4_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictOcean Springs90 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

CLARKSTATEHANDYPost-Hurricane Katrina - Old Ocean Springs and Bowen Avenue Historic DistrictsCHEROKEEHILLANDALEHOWARDMAGINNISIOLAPORTERWILLIAMSLOVERSMCNAMEEETHELOAKWOOD1STAZALEAWULFFFRONT BEACHMARTINCATCHOTCLEVELANDRUSKINSIGNALMOSLEYRAYBURN£¤90COXJACKSONOcean Springs - OldOcean Springs HDCHURCHCALHOUNOCEANWASHINGTONROBINSONDESOTOBELLANDEJOSEPHDEWEYCASHKOTZUMBIENVILLEMINORLAFONTAINEBLOUNTOcean Springs - Bowen Avenue HDRUSSELLHAZELVANCLEAVEBOWENMIDDLEHELLMERSHARBORGENERAL PERSHINGWARDMAGNOLIAWARRENWEEDDAVISSHEARWATERFOREST HILLDELLKENSINGTONSCHOOLRAILROADGOVERNMENTPINESTUARTRoad Type±ArkansasLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1761_PreKat_HD_OSP4_POST.mxdLocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS91

CLARKSTATEHANDYOld Ocean Springs and Bowen Avenue Historic DistrictsCHEROKEEHILLANDALEHOWARDMAGINNISIOLAPORTERWILLIAMSLOVERSMCNAMEEETHELOAKWOOD1STFRONT BEACHAZALEAWULFFMARTINCATCHOTCLEVELANDRUSKINSIGNALMOSLEYRAYBURN£¤ 90COXJACKSONOcean Springs - OldOcean Springs HDCHURCHCALHOUNROBINSONDESOTOBELLANDEJOSEPHDEWEYCASHKOTZUMMINORBIENVILLEBLOUNTOcean Springs - Bowen Avenue HDRUSSELLVANCLEAVEBOWENMIDDLEWARDMAGNOLIAWEEDDAVISFOREST HILLSCHOOLRAILROADGOVERNMENTDELLSTUARTRoad TypeLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryOCEANWASHINGTONLAFONTAINEHELLMERSHARBORGENERAL PERSHINGWARRENSHEARWATERKENSINGTONPINE±Arkansas0 0.15Mile1 Inch equals 0.15 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1742_PreKat_HD_OSP3_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictOcean Springs92 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Summary Description of IndianSprings Historic DistrictThe Indian Springs Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on October 16, 1990.This designation followed a formal listing in the NationalRegister of Historic Places on April 20, 1987, as part of theOcean Springs Multiple Resource Area (MRA). Boundariesfor both the local and National Register designationsare the same. The local historic district is approximatelydefined by Old Fort Bayou on the north, WashingtonAvenue North on the east, the southernmost propertylines of 816 Church Street and 810 Iberville Street on thesouth, and the northward extension to the bayou of thewestern boundary of the latter property. 16There are 11 buildings within the district boundaries—9 ofwhich are contributing and 2 non-contributing. They areone- and two-storey buildings of wood frame construction,some of which were influenced by the Queen Anne, GreekRevival, and Arts and Crafts styles and were constructedbetween the late 1800s and the early 1900s. The lot sizesvary as does the placement of the buildings on their lots.The district is significant for its architecture because of thediversity of forms and styles within its limited number ofstructures. 17How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA performed a field survey of the Indian SpringsHistoric District. Maps show that prior to Hurricane Katrinathere were 17 residential buildings included in the localdistrict. Post-Katrina there are 13 residential buildings. Thisloss of historic fabric has resulted in 24 percent loss of thedistrict’s original composition. At least 3 of the 4 parcelscomprising the loss of fabric already have new structures.Summary Description of MarbleSprings Historic DistrictThe Marble Springs Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on October 16, 1990.This designation followed a formal listing in the NationalRegister of Historic Places on April 20, 1987. Boundariesfor both the local and National Register designations arethe same. The district is bound on the west by the westernproperty lines of 1007 and 1012 Iberville Avenue, on thenorth by the northern property lines of the properties onthe north side of Iberville Avenue to the convergence ofIberville and Sunset Avenue, and on the south by 1012through 1118, 1202, and 1204 Iberville Avenue.The district is primarily residential except for the Veteransof Foreign Wars Meeting Hall. The district is composedof 14 contributing and 4 non-contributing buildings andis architecturally significant for its contrast of buildingscale and style, which reflect the periods of growth andrecession of Ocean Springs as a resort community in theearly-twentieth century. The architectural styles of thedistrict include the Arts and Crafts and Bungalow styles.16 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Indian SpringsHistoric District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.17 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Indian SpringsHistoric District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS93

How Has the Historic District Changed Due tothe Effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA completed a windshield survey of the MarbleSprings Historic District. Based on those observations, thebuildings appeared to be intact and in good condition. Nomajor damage was observed.Furthermore, FEMA assessed the effects of HurricanesKatrina and Rita on the properties that appeared to havemet the National Register criteria prior to the disasterto determine if they retained integrity and continuedto convey their historic significance after sustainingdamages from the 2005 hurricane. 18 According to FEMA’sassessment, dated August 2007, damage to historicresources within the Marble Springs Historic District wascategorized as insignificant. 19Summary Description ofRailroad Historic DistrictThe Railroad Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on October 16, 1990.The district is composed of open parks, a depot, andvarious other commercial and residential buildings thatrepresent a period of industrial growth that resulted fromthe construction of railroad lines in Ocean Springs and theGulf Coast Region. The district is bound by the Louisvilleand Nashville (L&N) railroad tracks on the north, RobinsonStreet on the south, Church Avenue on the west, and thefootprint of Handy on the east. The L&N Railroad Depot,currently called the Whistle Shop, is the most significantstructure within the district and is a small wood-framestation typical of the period. The depot is individuallylisted in the National Register as is the Cochran-CassanovaHouse at 9000 Robinson Street, a late-nineteenth centurydwelling. The district includes 4 commercial buildings atits southwest corner that date from the late-nineteenthand early-twentieth centuries. These buildings areprimarily of load-bearing masonry construction andpossess storefronts. 20How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In February 2008, URS architectural historians completeda field survey of the Railroad Historic District. Aside fromthe recent (summer 2008) arson of a private house—located at 900 Robinson Street—all of the structures thatoriginally constituted the local historic district are extant.The historic properties and the composition of the districtsuffered minimal to no damage from Hurricane Katrina.18 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Inventory of HistoricProperties Post-Katrina. August 2007.19 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Inventory of HistoricProperties Post-Katrina. August 2007.20 “National Register Information System.” ParkNet. National ParkService. 28 May 2008 < http://www.nr.nps.gov/nrloc1.htm>.94 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

BLOUNTSTATEHANDYPre-Hurricane Katrina - Indian Springs, Marble Springs and Railroad Historic DistrictsLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictSUNSETOcean Springs- Indian Springs HDOcean Springs- Marble Springs HDIBERVILLE1STAZALEALOVERSI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1737_PreKat_HD_OSP2_PRE.mxdSIGNALMOSLEYRAYBURNCOXJACKSONCHURCHWASHINGTON£¤ 90TURNERROBINSONBOWENDESOTOBELLANDEAMESCASHKOTZUMBIENVILLEOcean Springs- Railroad HDRUSSELLGENERAL PERSHINGGOVERNMENTWARDDENNYMAGNOLIAImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±ArkansasLouisiana0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiLocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsAlabamaMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS95

BLOUNTSTATEHANDYPost-Hurricane Katrina - Indian Springs, Marble Springs and Railroad Historic DistrictsLegendRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictSUNSETOcean Springs- Indian Springs HDOcean Springs- Marble Springs HDIBERVILLE1STAZALEALOVERSI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1738_PreKat_HD_OSP2_POST.mxdSIGNALMOSLEYRAYBURNCOXJACKSONCHURCHWASHINGTON£¤ 90TURNERROBINSONBOWENDESOTOBELLANDEAMESCASHKOTZUMBIENVILLEOcean Springs- Railroad HDRUSSELLGENERAL PERSHINGGOVERNMENTWARDDENNYMAGNOLIAImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±ArkansasLouisiana0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiLocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsAlabama96 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

BLOUNTSTATEHANDYIndian Springs, Marble Springs and Railroad Historic DistrictsLegendSUNSETRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryOcean Springs- Indian Springs HDOcean Springs- Marble Springs HDIBERVILLETURNER1STAZALEALOVERSSIGNALRAYBURNCOXCHURCHWASHINGTON£¤ 90ROBINSONDESOTOAMESCASHBIENVILLEOcean Springs- Railroad HDGENERAL PERSHINGGOVERNMENTWARDDENNY±ArkansasLouisiana0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1739_PreKat_HD_OSP2_PARC.mxdMOSLEYJACKSONBOWENBELLANDEKOTZUMRUSSELLMAGNOLIALocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS97

Summary Description of Lover’sLane Historic DistrictThe Lover’s Lane Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on October 16, 1990.This designation followed a formal listing in the NationalRegister of Historic Places on June 9, 1987. Boundariesfor both the local and National Register designations arethe same. The district occupies the western shore of asmall peninsula that separates the Back Bay of Biloxifrom the mouth of the Old Fort Bayou. 21 Lover’s Lane, anarrow asphalt roadway flanked by thick foliage, bisectsthe peninsula and establishes the eastern boundary of thehistoric district.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contract withMDA conducted a windshield survey of the historic district.All contributing buildings in the district remained intactand, according to an inventory assessment of historicproperties completed by FEMA in August 2007, buildingdamage within the historic district was categorized asinsignificant and/or minimal. Though the properties mayhave been littered with woody debris, the damage waslimited to roofing, siding, windows, and doors. 23The district is composed of a cohesive neighborhood ofvacation estates that reflect the continued developmentand popularity of Ocean Springs as a resort community.The district is significant for architecture, which includesinfluences of the Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and SpanishColonial Revival styles. The forms and styles have beenadapted to accommodate the weather and climateconditions of the Gulf Coast Region, with wide eaves,deep porches, arcades, and shaded balconies. 22 The agesof these residences vary, as they were individually builtduring the mid to late-nineteenth and early-twentiethcenturies.The district is composed of 9 contributing and 3 noncontributingbuildings, all of which are residential. Each ofthe residences are recessed from the shore and situatedon large, cultivated tracts of land. Spacious extant historiclandscapes are also an integral part of the historic fabricand are highlighted by surviving oyster-shell paths anddrives.21 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Lover’s LaneHistoric District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.22 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Lover’s LaneHistoric District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1987.23 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Inventory of HistoricProperties Post-Katrina. August 2007.98 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Lover's Lane Historic DistrictLegendLA SALLERoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictSPANISH POINTFORTCOVEHILLCRESTWISTERIAOcean Springs- Lover's Lane HDLE MARINCHEROKEEIOLAImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapLOVERS£¤ 90PORTERMississippiAlabamaBIENVILLEHOWARDCLEVELANDWILLIAMSETHELLouisianaLocal Historic DistrictI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1734_PreKat_HD_OSP1_PRE.mxdOcean SpringsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS99

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Lover's Lane Historic DistrictLegendLA SALLERoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictSPANISH POINTFORTCOVEHILLCRESTWISTERIAOcean Springs- Lover's Lane HDLE MARINCHEROKEEIOLAImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapLOVERS£¤ 90PORTERMississippiAlabamaBIENVILLEHOWARDCLEVELANDWILLIAMSETHELLouisianaLocal Historic DistrictI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1732_PreKat_HD_BIL2_POST.mxdOcean Springs100 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Lover's Lane Historic DistrictLegendRoad TypeInterstateLA SALLEUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictSPANISH POINTFORTArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundaryCOVEHILLCRESTWISTERIAOcean Springs- Lover's Lane HDLE MARINCHEROKEEIOLA±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapLOVERSBIENVILLEHOWARD£¤ 90PORTERWILLIAMSETHELLouisianaMississippiAlabamaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1736_PreKat_HD_OSP1_PARC.mxdCLEVELANDLocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS101

Summary Description of ShearwaterNational Register Historic DistrictThe Shearwater Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by city ordinance on October 16, 1990.This designation followed a formal listing in the NationalRegister on August 24, 1989. Boundaries for both the localand National Register designations are the same. Thedistrict occupies a site bound on the north by ShearwaterDrive, on the west by the Inner Harbor, and on the southby the Bay of Biloxi. The district is heavily wooded and asmall area of marshland defines the Inner Harbor shoredrive which is constituted by a tightly curving private roadleading southward from Shearwater Drive through thedistrict. 24The Shearwater Historic District derives major significancefrom its association with the life and work of nationallynoted artist Walter Inglis Anderson (1903–1965). Fromthe early 1930s to his death in 1965, Anderson and hisfamily became nationally known for creating “ShearwaterPottery,” a type of decorative earthenware ceramics. Thedistrict is significant in the history of American art fromthe 1930s to 1965. According to the National Registernomination form, of the 10 buildings that constitute thedistrict, 6 are contributing and 4 are non-contributing.How Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricane Katrina?In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA performed a field survey of the ShearwaterHistoric District. Maps show that prior to Hurricane Katrinathere were 18 residential buildings included in the localdistrict. Post-Katrina there are 5 residential buildingsthat are original to the district. This loss of historic fabrichas resulted in a 73 percent loss of the districts’ originalcomposition. At least 8 of the 13 parcels composing theloss of fabric have already had new structures built onthem.Summary Description of Sullivan-Charnley Historic DistrictThe Sullivan-Charnley Historic District was designateda local historic district by city ordinance on October 16,1990. This designation followed a formal listing in theNational Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1987.Boundaries for both the local and National Registerdesignations are the same. The district is significant forits association with master American architects LouisSullivan (1856-1924) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959).The district was comprised of 3 waterfront parcels on EastBeach Drive, which borders the Gulf of Mexico. There were3 residential buildings on neighboring estates, 2 of whichwere designed by Adler and Sullivan of Chicago. Thesebuildings were cottages, which Sullivan described as“shacks or bungalows,” and served as coastal getawaysfor Louis Sullivan and his friends Mr. and Mrs. JamesCharnley. Frank Lloyd Wright, who worked for Sullivan inhis early career, later designed a guest cottage for theCharnleys, which they used as a vacation house. Thecottages and their respective guest quarters were ofsimple wood-frame construction and shingle-clad, much incontrast to Sullivan’s well-known, geometric and terracotta-foliateddesigns. These are the only known buildingsto be designed by Sullivan in Mississippi and, aside from“Fountainhead” in Jackson County, the same is true ofWright. 25 Prior to the storm, the houses were in good toexcellent condition and had been altered only slightlythrough the years. The environment includes numerousstately oak trees, which are a contributing aspect to thehistoric landscape.24 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: ShearwaterHistoric District, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 1989.25 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Sullivan-Charnley Historic District, Ocean Springs, Jackson County, Mississippi.1987.102 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

How was the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricanes Katrina?In February 2008, URS architectural historians completeda field survey of the Sullivan-Charnley Historic District.One of the 3 buildings was destroyed by HurricaneKatrina, which constitutes a 33 percent loss of thedistrict’s historic fabric. The remaining buildings includethe former vacation cottages of Frank Lloyd Wrightand Mr. and Mrs. James Charnley, both addressed as509 Shearwater Drive. The extant buildings are in poorcondition.Individually Designated Local LandmarksThe Historic Preservation Ordinance of Ocean Springsgives the City the authority to establish Local Landmarks,landmark sites, and historic districts. In addition to theBowen Avenue, Indian Springs, Lover’s Lane, MarbleSprings, Old Ocean Springs, Railroad, Shearwater, andSullivan-Charnely historic districts described above,a series of individual Local Landmarks have beendesignated.In July 2008, an architectural historian under contractwith MDA conducted a windshield survey of the individualLocal Landmarks to determine if they were extant. Of the7 original Local Landmarks, none were lost as a result ofthe storms. The following is a list of the Local Landmarksin Ocean Springs:• 619–619A Washington Avenue (Bertuccini House andBarbershop)• 321 Cleveland Avenue (C. E. Thompson Place)• 1061 Beach Boulevard (Miss-La-Bama)• Magnolia and Government Streets (Old Ocean SpringsHigh School)• 1017 DeSoto Avenue (Thomas Isaac Keys House)• 1302 Government Street (VanCleave Cottage)• 227 Front Beach Drive (W. B. Schmidt Estate)Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS103

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Shearwater and Sullivan-Charnley Historic DistrictsLAFITTEELLIOTTLegendCLARKHARBORPINESIMONWHITEHOLCOMBMCCOOLMITCHELLRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictBIDDIXOcean Springs- Shearwater HDHUDSONSCHOONERDAVIDSONBECHTELSHEARWATEREVELYNFLEETWOODMAYFAIRCOLMERSTENNISEASTLANDBEACHGULFVIEWOcean Springs- Sullivan-Charnley HDINDIANBRUMBAUGHWATERSEDGEImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.13Mile1 Inch equals 0.13 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1740_PreKat_HD_OSP3_PRE.mxdLocal Historic DistrictOcean Springs104 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Shearwater and Sullivan-Charnley Historic DistrictsWARRENLAFITTELAMEYELLIOTTLegendLAFONTAINECLARKHARBORPINESIMONWHITEHOLCOMBMCCOOLMITCHELLRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalLocal Historic DistrictFRONT BEACHBIDDIXOcean Springs- Shearwater HDHUDSONSCHOONERDAVIDSONSHEARWATEREVELYNFLEETWOODMAYFAIRCOLMERSTENNISBEACHGULFVIEWOcean Springs- Sullivan-Charnley HDINDIANBRUMBAUGHImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.13Mile1 Inch equals 0.13 MileLocation MapMississippiAlabamaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1741_PreKat_HD_OSP3_POST.mxdWATERSEDGELouisianaLocal Historic DistrictOcean SpringsMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS105

Shearwater and Sullivan-Charnley Historic DistrictsCLARKHARBORPINESIMONWHITEHOLCOMBBIDDIXMCCOOLMITCHELLWOODYRoad TypeLegendInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayLocalNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Ocean Springs- Shearwater HDHUDSONSCHOONERDAVIDSONBECHTELLocal Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintParcel BoundarySHEARWATEREVELYNFLEETWOODMAYFAIRCOLMERSTENNISEASTLANDBRUMBAUGHGULFVIEWBEACHOcean Springs- Sullivan-Charnley HDINDIANWATERSEDGESIOWAN±Arkansas0 0.13Mile1 Inch equals 0.13 MileLocation MapSAN SOUCIMississippiAlabamaLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1742_PreKat_HD_OSP3_PARC.mxdLocal Historic DistrictOcean Springs106 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Historic Preservation Review – PascagoulaThe following is a brief overview of the design reviewprocess for a Certificate of Appropriateness only andshould not be used in place of the Pascagoulan historicPreservation Ordinance.Pascagoula Historic Preservation CommissionThe Pascagoula Historic Preservation Commission servesas a review body and recommends to the City Councilwhether applications for Certificates of Appropriatenessshould be granted. The City Council may imposeconditions not recommended by the Commission.The Historic Preservation Commission and the City Councilseek to preserve and protect the integrity and characterof any historic landmark, landmark site, or historicpreservation district.Design review guidelines for the respective landmarks,landmark sites, and historic districts are set out in Chapter38 of the Pascagoula Code of Ordinances.Purpose of Design ReviewThe purpose of the design review is to protect andpreserve the existing historic character of both theindividual properties within a district and the district as awhole.What is a Certificate of Appropriateness?A Certificate of Appropriateness is a document issued bythe Historic Preservation Commission and City Councilstating that the application conforms with appropriatedesign criteria and standards. A Certificate is requiredbefore most exterior work may begin and before abuilding permit can be issued.Design Review Approval ProcessAn application for a building permit will be consideredan application for a Certificate of Appropriateness andshould include any additional information required by theHistoric Preservation Commission. Contact the buildingdepartment for a complete list of required documents.Upon hearing a request for a Certificate, the HistoricPreservation Commission will submit minutes of itsmeeting along with a recommendation to the City Councilto grant or deny the application. If the application isapproved by the City Council, a Certificate will be issued.The issuance of a Certificate does not relieve you fromcompliance with any other zoning or building requirementunder the laws of the City.Approval Process• Submit an application with required documentation tothe buildings department.• The completed application will be considered if filed 15days prior to the next scheduled commission meeting.• Hearings are conducted on the third Wednesday ofevery month at 12:00 p.m.• You should attend the Commission hearing topresent any relevant information in support of yourapplication.• The commission submits minutes of their meeting tothe City Council with a recommendation to grant ordeny a Certificate of Appropriateness.• The City Council will review the recommendationof the Commission and issue a Certificate ofAppropriateness to you and the building official.• Obtain any other necessary permits or variances.(Contact the building department for furtherinformation.)• Work may proceed once the building permit has beenissued.• The certificate expires 1 year from the date of thebuilding permit.For more information contact:Pascagoula Building Department4015 14th StreetPascagoula, MS 39567228-938-6620www.cityofpascagoula.comMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS107

Summary Description of theFront Street Historic DistrictThe Front Street Historic District was designated a localhistoric district by a resolution of the City Council ofPascagoula in March 1984. This designation preceded aformal listing in the National Register of Historic Places onMay 17, 1984. Boundaries for both the local and NationalRegister designations are the same. The district visuallyreflects the major trends of Pascagoula’s nineteenthcenturyresidential development. 26 The district comprised5 homes that were examples of the Colonial Revival stylewith a period of significance of the late 1800s. The 2800and 2900 blocks of Front Street included the 5 contributingresidences in the district, each possessing architecturalelements indicative of the region (i.e., large front galleries,floor-to-ceiling windows, and raised brick foundationpiers). The houses were all in fair to good condition andmost had been altered only slightly through the years.The environment includes numerous stately live oak trees,which are a contributing aspect to the historic landscape.Pearl River CountyNo locally designated historic districts are extant in PearlRiver county.For more information on building permits contact:Pearl River County Department of Planning andDevelopment, Building Division Office402 S. Main StreetPoplarville, MS 39470601-403-2300, ext. 202www.pearlrivercounty.netHow Has the Historic District Changed Dueto the Effects of Hurricanes Katrina?In February 2008, URS architectural historians completeda field survey of the Front Street Historic District. Three ofthe 5 one-and-one-half-storey residences were destroyedby Hurricane Katrina and subsequently demolished. Theonly remaining residences were the Charles B. DelmasHouse, addressed as 2914 Front Street, and the John B.Delmas House, addressed as 2916 Front Street. Overalldamage to both buildings was minimal.26 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Front StreetHistoric District, Pascagoula, Mississippi. 1984.108 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Pre-Hurricane Katrina - Front Street Historic DistrictDELMASKREBSLegendCOMUSRAILROADRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayWATTSLocalJACKSONLocal Historic DistrictPORTFREDERICJONTEMAGNOLIACONVENTSCHOOLJOHNCANTYPASCAGOULAFRONTPascagoula- Front Street HDMIDWAYGRIMSLEYDUPONTHERRICKImagery:2004 NAIPNational Agriculture Imagery ProgramSalt Lake City, UT±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapBIENVILLECOMMUNYMississippiAlabamaHENRYLITTLELouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1743_PreKat_HD_PASC_PRE.mxdFORDLocal Historic DistrictPascagoulaMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS109

Post-Hurricane Katrina - Front Street Historic DistrictDELMASKREBSLegendCOMUSRAILROADRoad TypeInterstateUS HighwayState HighwayWATTSLocalJACKSONLocal Historic DistrictPORTFREDERICJONTEMAGNOLIACONVENTSCHOOLJOHNCANTYPASCAGOULAFRONTPascagoula- Front Street HDMIDWAYGRIMSLEYDUPONTHERRICKImagery:Aug. 30, 2005Gulf Coast Aerial MappingBaton Rouge, LA±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapBIENVILLECOMMUNYMississippiAlabamaHENRYLITTLELouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1744_PreKat_HD_PASC_POST.mxdFORDLocal Historic DistrictPascagoula110 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Front Street Historic DistrictDELMASLegendWATTSRoad TypeInterstateJACKSONUS HighwayState HighwayLocalFREDERICJONTEMAGNOLIACONVENTNational RegisterHistoric District (NRHD)Local Historic DistrictArea of Potential EffectBuilding FootprintSCHOOLParcel BoundaryJOHNCANTYPASCAGOULAFRONTDUPONTPascagoula- Front Street HDHERRICKPORTMIDWAYBIENVILLEGRIMSLEYCOMMUNY±Arkansas0 0.1Mile1 Inch equals 0.1 MileLocation MapHENRYLITTLEMississippiAlabamaFORDLouisianaI:\GIS\PROJECTS\MISSISSIPPI\MDA\1745_PreKat_HD_PASC_PARC.mxdROOSEVELTHUDSONDUCAYETLocal Historic DistrictPascagoulaKARSLOWMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS111

Glossary of TermsArchitectural TerminologyAlterationsGenerally, any construction or renovation to an existingbuilding or structure other than repair or repainting.Architectural CharacterThe basic detailing, architectural rhythm, architecturalstyle, appearance, and historic period of a building or agroup of buildings or structures, including the site andlandscape improvements.Architectural DetailingThe exterior placement and/or construction of differentarchitectural features, including all horizontal and verticalsurfaces.Architectural FeatureA prominent or significant part or element of a building,structure, or site. Architectural features may includespecial lines, massing, projections, recesses, and texture.Architectural StyleThe characteristic form and detail of a building orstructure dating to a particular time period.BayA regularly repeated spatial element, defined by beams orribs and their supports, within a building or structure.Building TypologyA systematic classification or study of types of buildings orstructures. As this pertains to historic districts, this meansthe study of general groupings of buildings or structures,organized by such features as overall form, style, andcharacteristic features.CompositionThe assemblage of architectural features and details of aspecific architectural style, or the use of materials that arebased upon specific examples found in the area or timeperiod.FaçadeThe portion of any exterior elevation on the buildingextending from grade to the parapet, wall, or eaves, andthe entire width of the building elevation that faces apublic street, excluding alleys.IntegrityThe ability of an historic property to convey itssignificance. To be significant, a property will possessseveral, and usually most, of seven aspects of integrity:1. Location: The place where an historic property wasconstructed or the place where an historic eventoccurred2. Design: The combination of elements that create theform, plan, space, structure, and style of a property3. Setting: The physical environment of an historicproperty4. Materials: The physical elements that were combinedduring a particular period of time and in a particularpattern or configuration to form an historic property5. Workmanship: The physical evidence of the crafts of aparticular culture or people during any given period inhistory or prehistory6. Feeling: A property’s expression of the artistic orhistoric sense of a particular period of time7. Association: The direct link between an importanthistoric event or person and an historic propertyLinesVisual elements of a building, either within the façadeor on the building edge, that are linear in form eitherhorizontally or vertically and may be composed ofmasonry, glass, or other related materials.MassingPertains to the volume or bulk of a building or structure.ProjectionsItems such as sills, eaves, cornices, canopies, porches,and chimneys.RecessesPortions of a building both in a horizontal and verticalplane that are set back from the building wall either forpedestrian articulation, to provide space for windows and/or doors, or to create special architectural detailing.RhythmThe recurrence at regular or uniform intervals of features,especially windows, masonry, textures, etc., within abuilding.ScaleA proportional relationship among the size of parts to oneanother, and to the human figure.TextureThe quality of a surface, ranging from mirror finish,smooth, etc., to coarse or unfinished.Historic PreservationRegulatory TerminologyAdverse EffectA finding under the National Historic Preservation ActSection 106 consultation process that an undertaking mayalter, directly or indirectly, any of the characteristics ofan historic property that qualify the property for inclusionin the National Register in a manner that would diminishthe integrity of the property’s location, design setting,materials, workmanship, feeling, or association. Adverseeffects may include reasonably foreseeable effects causedby the undertaking that may occur later in time, be fartherremoved in distance, or be cumulative. Examples ofadverse effects include:112 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

1. Physical destruction of or damage to all or part of aproperty2. Alteration of a property, including restoration,rehabilitation, repair, maintenance, stabilization,hazardous materials remediation, and provision ofhandicapped access, that is not consistent with theSecretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatmentof Historic Properties (36 CFR Part 68) and applicableguidelines3. Removal of a property from its historic location4. Change of the character of a property’s use or ofphysical features within the property’s setting thatcontribute to its historic significance5. Introduction of visual, atmospheric, or audibleelements that diminish the integrity of the property’ssignificant historic features6. Neglect of a property that causes its deterioration,except where such neglect or deterioration arerecognized qualities of a property of religious orcultural significance to an Indian Tribe or NativeHawaiian organization7. Transfer, lease, or sale of a property out of Federalownership without adequate and legally enforceablerestrictions or conditions to ensure long-termpreservation of the property’s historic significanceArea of Potential EffectsThe geographic area or areas within which an undertakingmay directly or indirectly cause alterations in thecharacter or use of historic properties, if any suchproperties exist. The area of potential effects is influencedby the scale and nature of an undertaking and maybe different for different kinds of effects caused by theundertaking.Certificate of AppropriatenessA decision document issued by a local HistoricPreservation Commission through which approval forcertain actions involving individual historically significantlandmark buildings or structures, or buildings within locallydesignated historic districts, is granted. An applicationfor a Certificate of Appropriateness must be made priorto applying for a building permit or a demolition permit,or altering the exterior architectural appearance of anylandmark building or any building or structure within alocally designated historic district. The following actionstrigger a request for a Certificate of Appropriateness:1. Any construction, alteration, or removal requiring abuilding permit/zoning approval2. Any alternation affecting a significant architecturalfeature or appearance as specified in the ordinancedesignating the landmark or historic district3. Any demolition in whole or in part requiring ademolition permitConditional No Adverse EffectA determination rendered under the National HistoricPreservation Act Section 106 consultation process,through which the State Historic Preservation Officemay suggest changes in a project or impose conditionsso that adverse effects can be avoided and thus resultin a No Adverse Effect determination. Generally, if anhistoric property is restored, rehabilitated, repaired,maintained, stabilized, remediated, or otherwise changedin accordance with the Standards for Rehabilitation, thenit will not be considered as having an Adverse Effect.ConsultationThe process of seeking, discussing, and considering theviews of other participants, and, where feasible, seekingagreement with them regarding matters arising from theNational Historic Preservation Act Section 106 reviewprocess.EffectAlteration to the characteristics of an historic propertyqualifying it for inclusion in the National Register ofHistoric Places.Eligibility for Inclusion in the National Register includesboth properties formally determined as such inaccordance with the regulations of the Secretary of theInterior and all other properties that meet the NationalRegister criteria.Historic PropertyAny prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure,or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, theNational Register of Historic Places maintained by theSecretary of the Interior. The term also includes propertiesof traditional religious or cultural importance to an IndianTribe or Native Hawaiian organization that meet theNational Register criteria.Memorandum of AgreementThe document that records the terms and conditionsagreed upon to resolve the adverse effects of anundertaking upon an historic property.National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106ConsultationThe Nation’s most important historic preservationlaw, through which Federal agencies must “take intoaccount” (e.g., consider the effects of their undertakingson historic properties), and afford the Advisory Councilon Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity tocomment on such undertakings. This law is implementedthrough regulations codified at 36 CFR Part 800, called“Protection of Historic Properties.” This process seeksto accommodate historic preservation concerns withthe needs of Federal undertakings through consultationamong the Federal agencies and other parties with aninterest in the effects of the undertaking on historicproperties. The goal of consultation is to identify historicproperties potentially affected by the undertaking, assessthe effects, and seek ways to minimize or mitigate (offset)any adverse effects on historic properties.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS113

National Historic LandmarkAn historic property that the Secretary of the Interior hasdesignated a National Historic Landmark.National RegisterThe National Register of Historic Places maintained by theSecretary of the Interior.National Register CriteriaThe criteria established by the Secretary of the Interiorfor use in evaluating the eligibility of properties for theNational Register (36 CFR Part 60).Programmatic AgreementA document that records the terms and conditions agreedupon to resolve the potential adverse effects of a Federalagency program, complex undertaking, or other situationsin accordance with 36 CFR Section 800.14 (Section 106regulations).State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)The official appointed or designated pursuant to section101(b)(1) of the National Historic Preservation Act toadminister the State historic preservation program or arepresentative designated to act for the State HistoricPreservation Officer. In Mississippi, this individual is thehead of the Mississippi Department of Archives andHistory (MDAH). This agency’s historic preservationdivision carries out historic preservation programs withinthe State.Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (THPO)The Tribal official appointed by the Tribe’s chiefgoverning authority or designated by a Tribal ordinanceor preservation program who has assumed theresponsibilities of the SHPO for purposes of Section 106compliance on Tribal lands in accordance with section101(d)(2) of the National Historic Preservation Act.UndertakingA project, activity, or program funded in whole or inpart under the direct or indirect jurisdiction of a Federalagency, including those carried out by or on behalf of aFederal agency; those carried out with Federal financialassistance; and those requiring a Federal permit, license,or approval.Building Elevation and RelatedFEMA TerminologyA1-A30 and Zone AEA Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) subject to inundationby the 100-year flood, for which base flood elevations aredetermined.Advisory Base Flood Elevation (ABFE) MapsWhere adopted, a community’s Floodplain ManagementMap, for which FEMA has delineated the updatedestimated 1-percent-annual-chance (100-year) stillwaterelevations plus estimated wave effects known as theABFEs.Advisory Flood Hazard Area (AFHE)Portion of land subject to inundation as shown on theABFE maps to the ABFE inland limit.Area of Special Flood HazardLand in the floodplain within a community subject to a1-percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year.Base FloodFlood having a 1 percent chance of being equaled orexceeded in any given year (also called the “100-yearflood”).Base Flood Elevation (BFE)Elevation shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)for Zones AE, AH, A1-30, AR, AR/A, AR/AE, AR/A1-A30,AR/AH, AR/AO, V1-V30, and VE that indicates the watersurface elevation resulting from a flood that has a1-percent or greater chance of being equaled or exceededin any given year.Breakaway WallA wall that is not part of the structural support ofthe building and is intended through its design andconstruction to collapse under specific lateral loadingforces without causing damage to the elevated portion ofthe building or the supporting foundation system.Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS)In undeveloped communities, coastal barriers and otherprotected areas that are subject to certain flood coveragerestrictions. These areas were designated by the CoastalBarrier Resources Act of 1982 (CBRA) and the CoastalBarrier Improvement Act of 1990, and are shown onappropriate FIRM panels.Coastal High Hazard AreaThe area of special flood hazard extending from offshoreto the inland limit of a primary frontal dune along anopen coast, and any other area subject to high-velocitywave action from storms or seismic sources. The area isdesignated on the FIRM as Zone V1 – V30, VE, or V.Coastal Zone APortion of the SFHA landward of a Zone V or landwardof an open coast without mapped Zone Vs, in which theprincipal sources of flooding are astronomical tides, stormsurges, seiches, or tsunamis, not riverine sources. CoastalZones A may be subject to wave effects, velocity flows,erosion, scour, or combinations of these forces and aretreated as Zone Vs.Community Rating System (CRS)The program developed by the Federal InsuranceAdministration to provide incentives for thosecommunities in the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP) that have gone beyond the minimum floodplain114 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

management requirements to develop extra measures toprovide protection from flooding.Community Flood Hazard Area (CFHA)The area determined by the Floodplain Administrator(or other delegated, designated, or qualified communityofficial) from available technical studies, historicalinformation, and other available and reliable sources, thatmay be subject to periodic inundation by floodwaters thatcan adversely affect the public health, safety, and generalwelfare. This includes areas downstream from dams.Community Floodplain Management MapAny map produced by the community utilizing any baseflood elevation and floodway data available from aFederal, State, or other source.Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR)A formal review and comment by FEMA as to whethera proposed project complies with the minimum NFIPfloodplain management criteria. A CLOMR does not amendor revise effective FIRMs, Flood Boundary and FloodwayMaps, or Flood Insurance Studies.Elevated BuildingA non-basement building built to have the lowest floorelevated above the ground level by means of fill, solidfoundation perimeter walls, pilings, columns (posts andpiers), shear walls, or breakaway walls.Elevation CertificateA certified statement that verifies a building’s elevationinformation necessary to ensure compliance withcommunity floodplain management ordinances, todetermine the proper insurance premium rate, and tosupport a request for a Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA)or Letter of Map Revision based on fill (LOMR-F).An Elevation Certificate is required in order to properlyrate post-FIRM buildings, which are buildings constructedafter publication of the FIRM, located in flood insuranceZones A1-A30, AE, AH, A (with BFE), VE, V1-V30, V (withBFE), AR, AR/A, AR/AE, AR/A1-A30, AR/AH, and AR/AO. TheElevation Certificate is not required for pre-FIRM buildingsunless the building is being rated under the optional post-FIRM flood insurance rules.Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management)Issued by President Carter in 1977, it requires that nofederally assisted activities be conducted in or have thepotential to affect identified SFHAs, unless there is nopracticable alternative.Five-Hundred-Year Flood (500-Year Flood)Flood with a 0.2-percent chance of being equaled orexceeded in any year. Areas subject to the 500-year floodhave a moderate to low risk of flooding.Flood or FloodingGeneral and temporary condition of partial or completeinundation of normally dry land areas from: 1) theoverflow of inland or tidal waters, or 2) the unusual andrapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from anysource.Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM)An older type of flood map produced by FEMA, based onapproximate data. These have been superseded by FIRMs.Most communities now have FIRMs.Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)An official map of a community, on which FEMA hasdelineated both the areas of special flood hazard and therisk premium zones applicable to the community.Flood Insurance Study (FIS)The official hydraulic and hydrologic report provided byFEMA. The report contains flood profiles, as well as theFIRM, FHBM (where applicable), and the water surfaceelevation of the base flood.FloodplainAny land area susceptible to being inundated by floodwaters from any source.Floodplain ManagementThe operation of an overall program of corrective andpreventive measures for reducing flood damage andpreserving and enhancing, where possible, naturalresources in the floodplain, including but not limited toemergency preparedness plans, flood control works,floodplain management regulations, and open spaceplans.Floodplain AdministratorThe individual appointed to administer and enforce thefloodplain management regulations.Floodplain Management RegulationsZoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, buildingcodes, health regulations, special purpose ordinances,and other applications of police power that controldevelopment in floodprone areas. This term describesFederal, State, or local regulations in any combinationthereof, which provide standards for preventing andreducing flood loss and damage.Floodproofing CertificateDocumentation of certification by a registered professionalengineer or architect that the design and methods ofconstruction of a nonresidential building are in accordancewith accepted practices for meeting the floodproofingrequirements in a community’s floodplain managementordinance. This documentation is required for bothfloodplain management requirements and insurancerating purposes.FloodwayThe channel of a river or other watercourse and theadjacent land areas that must be reserved in order toMississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS115

discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasingthe water surface elevation more than 1 foot.Floodway FringeArea of the floodplain on either side of the regulatoryfloodway where encroachment may be permitted withoutadditional hydraulic and/or hydrologic analysis.FreeboardA factor of safety, usually expressed in feet above the BFE,that is applied for the purposes of floodplain management.It is used to compensate for the many unknown factorsthat could contribute to flood heights greater than thosecalculated for the base flood.Hardship (Gulfport)Exceptional hardship that would result from a failure togrant the requested variance. The City of Gulfport requiresthat the variance is exceptional, unusual, and peculiarto the property involved. Mere economic or financialhardship alone is NOT exceptional. Inconvenience,aesthetic considerations, physical handicaps, personalpreferences, or the disapproval of one’s neighbors likewisecannot, as a rule, qualify as an exceptional hardship. Allof these problems can be resolved through other meanswithout granting a variance, even if the alternativeis more expensive, or requires the property owner tobuild elsewhere or put the parcel to a different use thanoriginally intended.Highest Adjacent GradeHighest natural elevation of the ground surface, prior toconstruction, next to the proposed walls of a building.Hydrologic and Hydraulic Engineering AnalysisAnalysis performed by a professional engineer, registeredin the State of Mississippi, in accordance with standardengineering practices as accepted by FEMA, used todetermine flood elevations and/or floodway boundaries.Increased Cost of Compliance (ICC)The cost to repair a substantially damaged building thatexceeds the minimal repair cost and that is required tobring a substantially damaged building into compliancewith the local flood damage prevention ordinance.Acceptable mitigation measures are elevation, relocation,demolition, or any combination thereof. All renewal andnew business policies with effective dates on or after June1, 1997, include ICC coverage.Letter of Map Change (LOMC)An official FEMA determination, by letter, to amend orrevise effective FIRMs, Flood Boundary and FloodwayMaps, and FISs. LOMCs are broken down into the followingcategories:Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA)A revision based on technical data showing that aproperty was incorrectly included in a designatedSFHA. A LOMA amends the current effective FIRM andestablishes that a specific property is not located in anSFHA.Letter of Map Revision (LOMR)A revision based on technical data that, usually dueto manmade changes, shows changes to flood zones,flood elevations, floodplain and floodway delineations,and planimetric features. One common type of LOMR,a LOMR-F, is a determination concerning whether astructure or parcel has been elevated by fill above theBFE and is, therefore, excluded from the SFHA.Lowest Adjacent GradeElevation of the sidewalk, patio, deck support, orbasement entryway immediately next to the structure andafter the completion of construction. It does not includeearth that is emplaced for aesthetic or landscape reasonsaround a foundation wall. It does include natural ground orproperly compacted fill that comprises a component of abuilding’s foundation system.Lowest FloorLowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (includingbasement). An unfinished or flood resistant enclosure,used solely for parking of vehicles, building access,or storage, in an area other than a basement, is notconsidered a building’s lowest floor, provided that suchenclosure is not built so as to render the structure inviolation of the non-elevation provisions of this code.Map Panel NumberThe four-digit number followed by a letter suffix assignedby FEMA on a flood map. The first four digits represent themap panel, and the letter suffix represents the number oftimes the map panel has been revised.Map AmendmentA change to an effective NFIP map that results in theexclusion from the SFHA of an individual structureor a legally described parcel of land that has beeninadvertently included in the SFHA (i.e., no alterations oftopography have occurred since the date of the first NFIPmap that showed the structure or parcel to be within theSFHA).Market ValueBuilding value, excluding the land (as agreed betweena willing buyer and seller), as established by what thelocal real estate market will bear. Market value canbe established by independent certified appraisal,replacement cost depreciated by age of building (ActualCash Value), or adjusted assessed values.Mean Sea LevelThe average height of the sea for all stages of the tide. Itis used as a reference for establishing various elevationswithin the floodplain. For purposes of this ordinance,the term is synonymous with National Geodetic VerticalDatum (NGVD).116 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

MitigationSustained actions taken to reduce or eliminate long-termrisk to people and property from hazards and their effects.The purpose of mitigation is twofold: to protect people andstructures, and to minimize the costs of disaster responseand recovery.National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)Federal program that makes flood insurance availableto owners of property in participating communitiesnationwide through the cooperative efforts of the FederalGovernment and the private insurance industry.National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD)As corrected in 1929, a vertical control used as a referencefor establishing varying elevations within the floodplain.One-Hundred Year Flood (100-Year Flood)Flood with a 1-percent chance of being equaled orexceeded in any given year. Any flood zone that beginswith the letter A or V is subject to the 100-year flood andareas within the ABFE limits. Over the life of a 30-yearloan, there is a 26-percent chance of experiencing such aflood with the SFHA.Participating CommunityAny community that voluntarily elects to participate in theNFIP by adopting and enforcing floodplain managementregulations that are consistent with the standards of theNFIP.Post-FIRM ConstructionConstruction or substantial improvement that started afterDecember 31, 1974.Pre-FIRM ConstructionConstruction or substantial improvement that started onor before December 31, 1974.Regular ProgramThe phase of the community’s participation in the NFIPwhere more comprehensive floodplain managementrequirements are imposed and higher amounts ofinsurance are available based upon risk zones andelevations determined in an FIS.Regulatory FloodwayThe channel of a river or other watercourse and theadjacent land areas that must be reserved in order todischarge the base flood without cumulatively increasingthe water surface elevation more than 1 foot.RepairReconstruction or renewal of any part of an existingbuilding.Repetitive LossUnder the NFIP, repetitive loss pertains to any insurablebuilding for which two or more claims of more than $1,000were paid by the NFIP within any rolling 10-year periodsince 1978. A repetitive loss property may or may notbe currently insured by the NFIP. There are over 122,000repetitive loss properties nationwide.Section 1316Section of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968,as amended, which states that no new flood insurancecoverage shall be provided for any property thatthe Administrator finds has been declared by a dulyconstituted State or local zoning authority or otherauthorized public body to be in violation of State or locallaws, regulations, or ordinances that are intended todiscourage or otherwise restrict land development oroccupancy in floodprone areas.Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)Portion of the base (100-year) floodplain subject toinundation by the base flood and/or flood-related erosionhazards as shown on a FHBM or FIRM as Zone A, AE, A1 –A30, AH, AO, AR, V, VE, or V1-V30.Start of ConstructionFor other than new construction or substantialimprovements under the CBRA P. L. 97-348, includessubstantial improvement, and means the date thebuilding permit was issued, provided the actual startof construction, repair, reconstruction, or improvementwas within 180 days of the permit date. The actual startmeans the first placement of permanent construction of abuilding (including a manufactured home) on a site, suchas the pouring of slabs or footings, installation of piles,construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage ofexcavation or placement of a manufactured home on afoundation. Permanent construction does not include landpreparation, such as clearing, grading and filling; nor doesit include the installation of streets and/or walkways; nordoes it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers,foundations, or the erection of temporary forms; nor doesit include the installation on the property of accessorybuildings, such as garages or sheds not occupied asdwelling units or not part of the main building. Forsubstantial improvement, the actual start of constructionmeans the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, orother structural part of a building, whether or not thatalteration affects the external dimensions of the building.StructureAll walled and roofed buildings, including gas or liquidstorage tanks and manufactured homes that areprincipally above ground.SubrogationAction brought by FEMA when flood damages haveoccurred, flood insurance has been paid, and all or part ofthe damage can be attributed to acts or omissions by acommunity or other third party.Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINESSection 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS117

Substantial DamageDamage of any origin sustained by a structure wherebythe cost of restoring the structure to its before-damagedcondition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the marketvalue of the structure before the damage occurred. Theterm includes Repetitive Loss buildings (see definition).For the purposes of this definition, “repair” is consideredto occur when the first repair or reconstruction of anywall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the buildingcommences. The term does not apply to:1. Any project for improvement of a building required tocomply with existing health, sanitary, or safety codespecifications that have been identified by the BuildingOfficial and that are solely necessary to ensure safeliving conditions2. Any alteration of an historic structure providedthat the alteration will not preclude the structure’scontinued designation as an historic structure3. Any improvement to a buildingSubstantial ImprovementAny combination of reconstruction, alteration, orimprovement to a building, taking place over a 10-year period, in which the cumulative percentage ofimprovement equals or exceeds 50 percent of thecurrent market value of the building. For the purposesof this definition, an improvement occurs when the firstalteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural partof the building commences, whether or not that alterationaffects the external dimensions of the building. This termincludes structures, which have incurred “repetitive loss”or “substantial damage,” regardless of the actual repairwork done. The term does not apply to:1. Any project for improvement of a building required tocomply with existing health, sanitary, or safety codespecifications that have been identified by the BuildingOfficial and that are solely necessary to ensure safeliving conditions2. Any alteration of an historic structure providedthat the alteration will not preclude the structure’scontinued designation as an historic structure3. Any building that has been damaged from any sourceor is categorized as repetitive lossV1 – V30 and Zone VEPortion of the SFHA subject to inundation by the 100-yearflood or coastal floods with velocity hazards (wave action)and for which base flood elevations are determined.VarianceA grant of relief from the requirements of this ordinance,which permits construction in a manner otherwiseprohibited by this ordinance where specific enforcementwould result in unnecessary hardship.Water Surface ElevationHeight, in relation to the NGVD of 1929, (or other datum,where specified) of floods of various magnitudes andfrequencies in the floodplains of coastal or riverine areas.ZoneA geographical area shown on a FHBM or a FIRM thatreflects the severity or type of flooding in the area.Zone APortions of the SFHA in which the principle source offlooding is runoff from rainfall, snowmelt, or a combinationof both. In a Zone A, floodwaters may move slowly orrapidly, but waves are usually not a significant threat tobuildings.Zone XArea where the flood hazard is less than that in the SFHA.Shaded Zone Xs shown on recent FIRMs (Zone Bs onolder FIRMs) designate areas subject to inundation bythe flood with a 0.2-percent annual probability of beingequaled or exceeded (the 500-year flood). Unshaded ZoneXs (Zone Cs on older FIRMS) designate areas where theannual exceedence probability of flooding is less than 0.2percent.118 Section 6: RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS Mississippi Development Authority ELEVATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

Prepared byfor the Mississippi Development Authority