WWF Cover photo - Soufriere Marine Management Association ...

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© World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC.Further copies can be obtained from WWF, 1250 24 th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.Readers are welcome to copy this booklet in full or part, provided that copies are not resold and thatthe work is properly credited to the authors. Requests for permission to reprint sections should bemade to Fiona Gell and Callum Roberts, Environment Department, University of York, York, YO105DD, UK. Email: frg3@york.ac.uk or cr10@york.ac.uk, Fax: +44 1904 432998.Citation: Gell, F.R. and C.M. Roberts. 2003. The Fishery Effects of Marine Reserves and FisheryClosures. WWF-US, 1250 24 th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.Front cover: Line fisherman fishing within the Soufrière Marine Management Area, St. Lucia, WestIndies. A network of marine reserves increased local catches between 46% and 90% over five yearsof protection from fishing.2
ContentsPart 1: Review1. Summary 62. Introduction 63. Evidence for build-up of spawning stocks in marine reserves 84. Rate and timescale of build-up of spawning stocks 95. Which species benefit from reserve protection? 106. What is the evidence that fishery catches benefit from reserves? 116.1 What are the mechanisms involved in delivery of fishery benefits? 136.2 Are reserves beneficial only to some kinds of fisheries? 147. How large do reserves have to be for fisheries to benefit? 148. What are the timescales of benefit to fisheries? 159. What are the spatial scales of benefit to fisheries? 1610. Can reserves prevent collapse of intensively exploited fish stocks? 1711. Are there cases where reserves have not worked? 1812. What advantages do reserves have over existing fisherymanagement tools? 1913. What are the social effects of marine reserves on local communities? 2013.1 Alternative income generation 2114. Conclusions 23Acknowledgments 23Literature cited 24Part 2: Case Studies1. The Nabq Managed Resource Protected Area, South Sinai,Egyptian Red Sea 322. Contrasting experiences from the Philippines: Apo andSumilon Islands 35co-authored by Aileen Maypa3. The effects of New Zealand marine reserves on exploitedspecies and fisheries 413
Page 1: The fishery effects ofmarine reserv
Page 5 and 6: Part 1: Review5
Page 7 and 8: egan being published. Those studies
Page 9 and 10: unprotected area (21.2cm vs 38.1cm)
Page 11 and 12: species of snappers and grouper are
Page 13 and 14: 6.1 What are the mechanisms involve
Page 15: They concluded that reserves coveri
Page 18 and 19: which there are decadal shifts in e
Page 20 and 21: managed with reserves alone, while
Page 22 and 23: However, in some areas fishers have
Page 24 and 25: Literature citedAlder, J. (1996) Co
Page 26 and 27: Fiske, S.J. (1992) Sociocultural as
Page 28 and 29: Levine, A. (2002) Global partnershi
Page 30 and 31: Roberts, C.M. and Hawkins, J.P. (20
Page 32 and 33: Part 2: Case Studies32
Page 34 and 35: Mean abundance of fish per count100
Page 36 and 37: 2. Contrasting experiences from the
Page 38 and 39: Russ and Alcala (1996) assessed cha
Page 40 and 41: Key points• Very high reef fisher
Page 42 and 43: 3. The effects of New Zealand marin
Page 44 and 45: important species for recreational
Page 46 and 47: Ballantine, W.J. (1991) Marine rese
Page 48 and 49: experimental data obtained in the T
Page 50 and 51: ReferencesAttwood, C.G. and Bennett
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5. Lobster fisheries management in
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Rowe, S. and Feltham, G. (2000) Eas
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fishers. At a meeting of fishers an
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7. Marine parks and other protected
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8. Community-based closed areas in
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People are also seeing some species
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9. The Sambos Ecological Reserve, F
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10. The Nosy Atafana Marine Park, n
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11. Mombasa and Kisite Marine Parks
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species that are mobile enough to d
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Emerton and Tessema (2001) looked a
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McClanahan, T.R. and Mangi, S. (200
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Goodridge et al. (1997) collected b
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offshore fishing with tourism, such
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• The SMMA would have been improv
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species decreased in the second fou
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eserve in the form of increased cat
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15. Merritt Island National Wildlif
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Thousand Islands, St Lucie canal an
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is closed to scallop fishing. Ten y
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WWF Cover photo - Soufriere Marine Management Association ...

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