Holland's Theory in a Post-Modern World: - The Career Center ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Holland’s Theory 8of types is a circumplex. Similar to the circular order hypothesis, the circumplex hypothesisholds the same predictions for the relationships between types but adds that the correlationsbetween each of the adjacent types will be equal, the correlations between each of the alternatetypes will be equal, and the correlations between each of the opposite types will be equal.There have been mixed results regarding support for the circular structure of the RIASECmodel across cultures. Some have proposed alternative models to explain interests that are notaligned with Holland’s theory (Prediger, 1982; Tracey & Rounds, 1995). Rounds and Tracey(1996) used a meta-analysis to examine the cross cultural applicability of Holland’s hexagonalstructure.Another method for representing the circumplex model is Prediger’s (1982) twodimensionalschema of vocational interests, which is an additional way to view Holland’sRIASEC hexagon. Prediger asserted that the hexagon is a multidimensional model which can bebetter represented using two bipolar dimensions. The two dimensions are labeled people-thingsand ideas-data.Finally, as an extension of this model, Tracey and Rounds (1995) proposed a thirddimension of vocational interests which they labeled prestige. They suggested that vocationalinterests are better represented by a sphere rather than a circle and unlike the hexagonal model,types on the spherical model are not of equal distance from their neighboring types.For example, Liu and Rounds (2003) found in mainland China that the distances betweenthe Realistic and Conventional types and Investigative and Artistic types were greater than otherdistances and proposed an octant model. This implies that RIASEC types are located on a circleat points in an octant model but with two empty spaces on the model, between R and C and alsobetween I and A, for unspecified types.
Holland’s Theory 9Two variations on Holland’s RIASEC scheme for organizing interests involvepartitioning groups of interests in alternative arrangements. Gati (1979, 1982, 1991) proposed ahierarchical model of interests as an alternative to Holland’s model, and suggested a three-groupmodel partitioning interest domains as follows: R-I, A-S, and E-C. Gati’s model predicts that thecorrelations between RIASEC types within a single category (e.g., R and I) are greater than thecorrelations between pairs of RIASEC types outside of the category (e.g., R and A). Rounds andTracey (1996) noted problems inherent in both Holland and Gati’s model based on themagnitude of relation of the A and S types, so they formulated an alternative three-grouppartition model similar to Gati’s model which put A in its own category and S was added to theE-C category.These three models, Holland’s (1985) circular order model, Gati’s (1982) three-grouppartition, and the Rounds and Tracey (1996) alternative three-class partition model wereincluded in Rounds and Tracey’s 1996 meta-analysis. These models were examined forstructural equivalence across cultures and were based on the literature from 1970 to 1992.Rounds and Tracey examined the fit of these models using 96 international matrices from 19countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, France, Guyana, Iceland, Indonesia,Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal,Taiwan, 20 United States ethnic matrices, and a benchmark sample of 73 United States matrices.They found that researchers varied in their methods for evaluating RIASEC structure innon-U.S. samples but most used one of the following: U.S. RIASEC measures, adaptation ofU.S. RIASEC inventories, theory-constructed RIASEC measures, and translated U.S. RIASECmeasures. Using Hubert and Arabie’s (1987) randomization, they found that regardless of theassessment method used when studying Holland’s model in other countries, the cross-culture
Page 7: Holland’s Theory 7exams different
Page 11 and 12: Holland’s Theory 11--------------
Page 13 and 14: Holland’s Theory 13Moving to the
Page 15 and 16: Holland’s Theory 15Europe. The RI
Page 17 and 18: Holland’s Theory 17In addition to
Page 19 and 20: Holland’s Theory 19different mino
Page 21 and 22: Holland’s Theory 21The Inventory
Page 23 and 24: Holland’s Theory 23Translations o
Page 25 and 26: Holland’s Theory 25in language or
Page 27 and 28: Holland’s Theory 27even in the fa
Page 29 and 30: Holland’s Theory 29Because these
Page 31 and 32: Holland’s Theory 31and in widely
Page 33 and 34: Holland’s Theory 33Coutinho, M. T
Page 35 and 36: Holland’s Theory 35Hogerheijde, R
Page 37 and 38: Holland’s Theory 37Miller-Tiedema
Page 39 and 40: Holland’s Theory 39Schultheiss, D
Page 41 and 42: Holland’s Theory 41Tuck, B. F., &
Page 43 and 44: Holland’s Theory 43Source Sex N M
Page 45 and 46: Holland’s Theory 45Source Sex N M
Page 47 and 48: Holland’s Theory 47Table 2 Transl

Holland's Theory in a Post-Modern World: - The Career Center ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?