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organise arts projects at the request of health authorities, individual hospitalsor health units, explains the need to balance these elements:‘We always try to encourage the highest quality of art… but thishas to be balanced by the quality of the activity itself. It shouldinvolve everyone who wishes to participate in the project. Wedon’t feel it is sufficient for someone to paint paintings, prints,photographs etc. on the wall...’ (Senior, 1992: 150)3.4 Conceptualising the impact of arts and healthUnderlying the themes discussed in this review is the fact that there aredifferent ways of conceptualising the impact of arts on health. Our review hasidentified three broad approaches including: Medical and biological models, including evolutionary and physiologicalexplanations of the impact of arts on health. Therapeutic models drawing on psychological and psychodynamicunderstandings of the impact of arts on individuals. Sociological approaches, including theories of social and cultural capital aswell as reflexivity and identity, which emphasise the construction ofmeaning through identification with arts and arts activity.These different approaches influence different arts and health sectors indifferent ways. Hence, evolutionary theories have to some extent influencedthe development of the evidence based design movement (Ulrich, 1984);biomedical approaches have influenced the clinical and medical literature(Staricoff, 2004); and the broader arts for health movement has beeninfluenced by social models (Angus, 2002).These approaches frame different approaches to arts and health andemphasise different impacts. Some of these are elaborated in the typology ofarts and health approaches offered by Tom Smith (2003: 3), which includesthe following notions: Creative expression as intrinsically healthy – aiding expression(seen as central to health), developing individual’s sense of theirown health. Art as therapeutic – enhancing individual well-being, reducingstress. Individual health improvement. Supporting and improving health care – easing burden on staff,improving recuperative environment. Creative learning – the development of more engaging informationabout health (arts as a perspective, messenger and research tool)for communities and health services. Community arts – influencing health behaviour through raisingawareness/exploring health issues in communities through creativeactivity. Social arts – improving self-assessed health status, strengtheningrelationships, producing social experiences.12
Identifying these different dimensions contributes to the understanding of theimpact of arts on health and is therefore a key issue for our research.13
Page 1: The impact of visual artsand design
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.
Page 7 and 8: 10. Results of Non-intervention Stu
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary(i)(ii)(iii)This r
Page 11: are unlikely to receive consensual
Page 15 and 16: 2. Systematic Review Methodology an
Page 17 and 18: 3. Overview of Contextual Literatur
Page 19: Notions of appropriate and inapprop
Page 24 and 25: Support for the role of arts in hea
Page 26 and 27: Arts Council England; the recently
Page 28 and 29: consequent difficulty of relating a
Page 30 and 31: outcomes including depression, elev
Page 32 and 33: Inappropriate art can worsen patien
Page 34 and 35: outcomes are also addressed, althou
Page 37 and 38: 6. Methodological Characteristics o
Page 39 and 40: General issuesThe research on the i
Page 41 and 42: was an opinion survey or 2200 staff
Page 43: There are several non-experimental
Page 46 and 47: Another study by Duncan (2003) used
Page 48 and 49: The research also suggests a number
Page 50 and 51: wards and three female wards, inclu
Page 52 and 53: the new wards did not allow patient
Page 54 and 55: Patients with stressful conditions,
Page 56 and 57: The author suggests that participat
Page 58 and 59: and Douglas, 2005). Qualitative met
Page 60 and 61: health care environment, issues als
Page 62 and 63: Creating uplifting environments and
Page 64 and 65: esearch. Critical appraisal of the
Page 66 and 67: Coultier, A.C. (2005) What is the e
Page 68 and 69: McAuslane, L. and Sperlinger, D. (1
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Ulrich, R. (1992) How design impact
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Appendix 2. Search terms used in th
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Appendix 4. Overview of the search
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Appendix 6: Data Extraction SheetSt
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Staricoffand Loppert(2003)(unrepres
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Passini etal. (1998)Schofield(2003)
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Appendix 9. Overview of studies of
Page 84 and 85:
BenjaminandSpector(1990)Assessment
Page 86 and 87:
y Bryan Lawson and Michael Phiri, i
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