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Support for the role of arts in health care has been reinforced more recently,for example by Hazel Blears MP in a speech in February 2003 discussinglarge-scale capital investment in the arts (Blears, 2003). Blears linkedinvestment in the arts to wider regeneration and investment, using The LowryArt Gallery in Manchester as an example of how arts projects can contributeto local investment and employment as well as community engagement. Shealso suggested that further research was needed to identify benefits and risksof arts interventions in order to ensure best use of future opportunities forinvestment.While links between mental ill health and social exclusion have beenemphasised in a number of policy documents, the role of arts has onlyrecently been discussed in any depth (DH, 1998; SEU, 2004a; SEU, 2004b).Hence, in the 1998 document, Modernising Mental Health Services (DH,1998), the government’s plans for the development of mental health serviceswere set out. There was a clear focus upon tackling the causes of mental illhealth, including social exclusion, although the role of arts-based interventionswas not discussed directly. The emphasis was on medical treatment as wellas reducing social exclusion in key areas such as crime, employment andeducation.More recently the role of arts, alongside leisure and sport, has beenrecognised in terms of community participation and therapeutic benefit.However, it is also suggested that more research into the effectiveness of artbasedinterventions is needed (SEU, 2004b).4.2 The impact of physical environments and building design on patientoutcomesThe Estates and Facilities Division of the Department of Health is a keyorganisation that has increasingly recognised the impact of the physicalenvironment on health. On the DH website, its role is described as:‘Strategic development of a flexible and responsive environmentfor health and social care, delivering improved health outcomesthrough innovative estates and facilities solutions which enablehigh quality, safe patient care.’ (NHS Estates and facilitiesmanagement 16/01/06)Much of the advice offered by The Estates and Facilities Division of theDepartment of Health centres on issues such as safety, maintenance, energyefficiency and environmental awareness. However, there is a clearassumption that the hospital environment can have an impact on the moraleand well-being of service users, staff and visitors. The role of the arts isdiscussed in a series of publications providing guidance for the developmentof building projects (NHS Estates, 2002a; NHS Estates, 2002b; NHS Estates,2003a; NHS Estates, 2003b).16
A number of themes emerge from these documents. There is a strong feelingthat NHS buildings should evoke feelings of civic pride, confidence andcomfort. Using arts to create a non-institutional atmosphere and communitylinks is also emphasised along with the role of arts in raising spirits, creatingcalm atmospheres and a sense of space (NHS Estates, 2002a).While the contribution of arts to good health care design is recognised inthese documents, the arts are not a major focus. Hence, a 2004 publicationfrom Hyett and Jenner (2004), which gives eleven case studies of recentbuilding programmes, only includes two cases in which the arts are explicitlymentioned. Nevertheless, the overall feeling from these documents is that thearts are an important consideration in health care design and can potentiallycontribute a significant amount to the creation of healing environments.4.3 Patient and public involvementThese documents reflect the growing emphasis in UK health policy on patientand public involvement. Hence, the Department of Health has emphasisedthe role of arts in offering opportunities for service user and staff involvement,with Alan Milburn quoted as saying:“… future new projects will need to provide evidence of theinvolvement of staff, patients and the public in planning theirdesign.” (NHS Estates, 2002b: 11)Similarly, participation and service user involvement are strongly emphasisedin the Mental Health and Social Exclusion Report (SEU, 2004b). Departmentof Health guidance for the commissioning of day services in mental healthalso focuses on involving service users in the set-up and management of theirown services, although detailed guidance on how to do this is not given.Rather, commissioning processes should seek to:‘… increase the extent to which services are led and run bypeople who have mental health problems themselves… (to)enable people with mental health problems to determine what isprovided via user-led services… (and to) maximise use of theexpertise of those with personal experience of mental healthproblems in designing and developing services…’ (DH, 2006:5)4.4 Strengthening the evidence base for arts based approachesA key theme running through the policy documents regarding the impact ofthe arts upon health and mental health is a need for more research andevaluation of arts-based interventions (DCMS, 1999; Blears, 2003; SEU,2004b).A number of organisations, such as the National Institute for Mental Health inEngland (NIMHE); the UK Mental Health Research Network (UK MHRN); the17
Page 1: The impact of visual artsand design
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.
Page 7 and 8: 10. Results of Non-intervention Stu
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary(i)(ii)(iii)This r
Page 11: are unlikely to receive consensual
Page 15 and 16: 2. Systematic Review Methodology an
Page 17 and 18: 3. Overview of Contextual Literatur
Page 19 and 20: Notions of appropriate and inapprop
Page 21: Identifying these different dimensi
Page 26 and 27: Arts Council England; the recently
Page 28 and 29: consequent difficulty of relating a
Page 30 and 31: outcomes including depression, elev
Page 32 and 33: Inappropriate art can worsen patien
Page 34 and 35: outcomes are also addressed, althou
Page 37 and 38: 6. Methodological Characteristics o
Page 39 and 40: General issuesThe research on the i
Page 41 and 42: was an opinion survey or 2200 staff
Page 43: There are several non-experimental
Page 46 and 47: Another study by Duncan (2003) used
Page 48 and 49: The research also suggests a number
Page 50 and 51: wards and three female wards, inclu
Page 52 and 53: the new wards did not allow patient
Page 54 and 55: Patients with stressful conditions,
Page 56 and 57: The author suggests that participat
Page 58 and 59: and Douglas, 2005). Qualitative met
Page 60 and 61: health care environment, issues als
Page 62 and 63: Creating uplifting environments and
Page 64 and 65: esearch. Critical appraisal of the
Page 66 and 67: Coultier, A.C. (2005) What is the e
Page 68 and 69: McAuslane, L. and Sperlinger, D. (1
Page 70 and 71: Ulrich, R. (1992) How design impact
Page 72 and 73: Appendix 2. Search terms used in th
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Appendix 4. Overview of the search
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Appendix 6: Data Extraction SheetSt
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Staricoffand Loppert(2003)(unrepres
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Passini etal. (1998)Schofield(2003)
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Appendix 9. Overview of studies of
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BenjaminandSpector(1990)Assessment
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