The Adoption of Agricultural Technology - Food Security Group

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Chapter 6ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to develop more productive technology for farmersin developing countries. The resources available to public and privateinstitutions, and to the farmers themselves, are very limited, however.Thus it is imperative that the process of technology generation be made asefficient as possible. One way of improving the efficiency of agriculturaltechnology development is to doa better job of describing and analyzingtechnology adoption.There is no single method for studying technology adoption. Indeed,concerns with adoption and acceptability must form a part of thetechnology generation process from its early stages. Agricultural researchthat does not include a continual dialogue between farmers andresearchers will have little chance of success.As technology is developed and made available, there are several ways offollOWing its progress. This manual has described one important method,the formal survey. Its advantages include the ability to provide systematic,quantitative information to those who must take decisions about researchor extension efforts, and its ability to formally test hypotheses that explainadoption patterns.Formal adoption studies can proVide valuable information to research,extension, or rural development institutions that wish to assess theirprogress and take advantage of farmer experience. Adoption studies arealso valuable tools for improving the efficiency of communication betweeninstitutions responsible for research, extension, and agricultural policy.And finally, an adoption study can play an important role indemonstrating the impact of a research or extension effort and in justifyingcontinued or expanded support from funding sources.Properly managed, adoption studies can contribute to improving theefficiency of agricultural research, technology transfer, input provision,and agricultural policy formulation. Formal adoption studies should thusbe an important part of the methodology of institutions involved inagricultural development.-84
ReferencesAcharya, M., and L. Bennett. 1982. Women and the Subsistence Sector: EconomicParticipation and Household Decision-Making in Nepal. World BankStaffWorking Paper526. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Akhtar, R., D. Byerlee, A. Qayum, A. Majid, and P. Hobbs. 1986. Wheat in theCotton Wheat Farming Systems ofthe Punjab: Implications for Research andExtension. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council.Alreck, P.L.,and R.B.Settle.1985. The Survey Research Handbook. Homewood,Illinois: Irwin.Ashby,J.A.. 1982.Technology and ecology: Tmplicationsforinnovationresearch in peasantagriculture. Rural Sociology47(2): 2:'>4-250.Ashby,J. A.. 1990. Evaluating Technology with Farmers: A Handbook. Cali,Colombia: CentroInternacional de AgriculturaTropical.Barker, R., R.W. Herdt, and B. Rose. 1985. The Rice Economy ofAsia.Washington, D.C., and Manila, Philippines: Resources for the Futureandthe International Rice Research Institute.Benor, D., andJ.Q. Harrison. 1977. Agricultural Extension: Training and VisitSystem. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Bernsten, R.1980. Design and Management ofSurvey Research: A GuideforAgricultural Researchers. Occasional Paper No.8. Nairobi, Kenya: CIMMYT.BeyeneSeboka, Asfaw Negassa, W. Mwangi, and Abubeker Mussa. 1991.Adoption ofMaize Production Technologies in the Bako Area, Western Shewa andWelega Regions ofEthiopia. Addis Ababa, Elhiopia: Tnsliluleof AgriculturalResearch.Birkhaeuser, R.E., R. Evenson, and G.'Feder.1991. Theeconomicimpaclofagricul.lural extension: A review. Economic Development and Cultural Change:'>9(:'»:607-650.Braun,J. von, and P.J.R. Webb. 1989. The impactof new crop lechnologyon theagricultural division of labor in a West African setting. EconomicDevelopmen t and Cultural Change :'>7(:'»: 51 :'>-5:'>4.Byerlee, D., M. Collinson, etaI.1980. Planning Technologies Appropriate toFarmers: Concepts and Procedures. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.Byerlee, D., and E. Hesse de Polanco. 1986. Farmers' stepwise adoplion oftechnological packages: Evidence from the Mexican Alliplano. AmericanJournal ofAgricultural Economics 68: 519-527.85
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I Chapter 1AdoptionStudiesWhy Study
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emphasis on participatory research
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of adoption study must be done with
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-7some idea of the degree to which
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80 2. tudl Used to Assess Different
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Another issue in measuring adoption
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Yt and we can estimate K (the maxim
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Measuring ImpactEarlier sections di
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-17The Role of Adoption Studies in
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Bo 3. Variable and Criteria __'_."C
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Farmers in Bumbogo, Rwanda grow bea
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-23The following graph shows the ac
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-25One valuable contribution to ass
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80 1A study of mechanical wheat har
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Chapter 3UnderstandingAdoptionThe F
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small test of farmers' skills (for
Page 41 and 42: Wealth. Wealthier farmers may be th
Page 43 and 44: degree of adoption may depend on th
Page 45 and 46: conditions of the preceding or foll
Page 47 and 48: equired inputs, then the technology
Page 49 and 50: help in analyzing the degree to whi
Page 51 and 52: Checklist (cont'd.).....FactorBiolo
Page 53 and 54: Box 14. Gender Analysis and Adoptio
Page 55 and 56: Box 16. Labor Availability and Adop
Page 57 and 58: 80 1 te Trade-offsFarmers must ofte
Page 59 and 60: -51The adoption of technology is in
Page 61 and 62: -53Box 22. Source of Purchased Inpu
Page 63 and 64: Box 24. Knowledge of Recommendation
Page 65 and 66: services, or markets, it is importa
Page 67 and 68: - SamplingforcomparisonsTn many ins
Page 69 and 70: chosen for the survey will determin
Page 71 and 72: B. Measurements for input use may b
Page 73 and 74: 2. Where did you acquire the seed?1
Page 75 and 76: Cha ter 5MethodsforAnalyzingAdoptio
Page 77 and 78: One of the simplest and most useful
Page 79 and 80: For instance, a survey may show tha
Page 81 and 82: -73Revised[Oxen ownership (A) --.t~
Page 83 and 84: RevisedThe association is tested co
Page 85 and 86: The following example is a simple l
Page 87 and 88: where b o is the constant, b}' b 2,
Page 89 and 90: variables. And a high significance
Page 91: 1Decision trees are a method of rep
Page 95 and 96: Jha, D., B. Hojjati, and 5. Vosti.
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