comparison of alternative asphalt concrete rut characterization

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BERTHELOT, CROCKFORD & LYTTON 29coefficient of variation with the exception of the SHRP shear phase angle measurements. The highcoefficient of variation could only be attributed to experimental error. It is believed that the relativelyshort 50 mm sample height may have had a significant influence in the high variability of the SHRP sheartester measurements as witnessed in the high number of samples that failed during SHRP shear testing.This study determined that traditional phenomenological asphalt concrete characterization methodsdistinguished some significant differences between the Radisson SPS-9A asphalt concrete mixes.However, they did not provide material constitutive relations necessary for mechanistic road responsemodeling. The SHRP shear tester also distinguished some significant differences between the asphaltconcrete mixes and can provide material constitutive relations necessary for mechanistic road responsemodeling. However, the SHRP shear tester is expensive to own and operate, produces relatively highvariability, and was found to be impractical for use by most public road authorities, road consultants, androad contractors. The rapid triaxial tester determined the most significant difference between the asphaltconcrete mixes and was found to be an efficient mechanistic testing apparatus to complement the SHRPgyratory compactor. The measured materials properties obtained from the rapid triaxial tester were alsofound to best correlate predict correlate with the relative rutting behavior of the SPS-9A test sections afterthree years of service. The complex properties measured by the rapid triaxial tester could bemathematically transformed into linear viscoelastic constitutive relations which could be used forviscoelastic mechanistic road modeling. This ability to accurately measure viscoelastic constitutiveproperties under stress states, temperatures and load frequencies representative of those in the field maypose significant promise for reliably predicting rutting behavior of asphalt concrete pavements.DISCLAIMERThe viewpoints expressed herein are those of the authors, and are not necessarily endorsed by theagencies involved with this research.7.0 REFERENCES1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Construction Technology Laboratories. "CalibratedMechanistic Structural Analysis Procedures for Pavements" NCHRP 1-26 Final Report, Champaign,Illinois, (1990).2. Von Quintas H. "Development of Asphalt-Aggregate Mixture Analysis System: AAMAS" FinalReport, NCHRP 9-6(1), Washington, DC, (1989).3. Fernando E,, Lytton R. "Demonstration of Potential Benefits of Performance-Oriented Specifications"Transportation Research Record 1353, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 73-81(1992).4. Anderson D. "Performance Related Specification for Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete" Final Report,NCHRP 10-26A. Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University, UniversityPark (1990).5. Uzan J, Zollinger D, Lytton R. "Mechanistic/Empirical Model for the Structural Design of FlexiblePavements" Report No. 455-1. FHWA. Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M UniversitySystem, College Station (1991).6. Little D, Youssef H. "Improved ACP Mixture Design: Development and Verification" Report 1170–1F. Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, (1992).
BERTHELOT, CROCKFORD & LYTTON 307. Lui M. "Numerical Prediction of Pavement Distresses with Geotechnical Constitutive Laws" Ph.D.dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station (1993).8. Walker RN, Patterson WDO, Freeme CR, Marais CP. "The South African Mechanistic PavementDesign Procedure" Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on the Structural Design of AsphaltPavements, University of Michigan, 26-31 (1977).9. Maree JH Freeme CR. "The Mechanistic Design Method to Evaluate the Pavement Structures in theCatalogue of the Draft TR H4 1980" Technical Report RP/2/81. NITRR, Pretoria, South Africa, 59(1981).10. Freeme CR, Maree JH, Viljoen AW. "Mechanistic Design of Asphalt Pavements and VerificationUsing Heavy Vehicle Simulation" Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on the StructuralDesign of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan and Delft University of Technology156-173(1982).11. Brown SF, Pell PS, Stock AF. "The Application of Simplified, Fundamental Design Procedures forFlexible Pavements" Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on the Structural Design ofAsphalt Pavements, University of Michigan, 227-241 (1977).12. Verstraeten J, Veverka V, Francken l. "Rational and Practical Designs of Asphalt Pavements toAvoid Cracking and Rutting" Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on the Structural Design ofAsphalt Pavements, University of Michigan and Delft University of Technology 45-58 (1982).13. Thompson MR, Barenberg EJ. "Calibrated Mechanistic Structural Analysis Procedures forPavements: Phase I - Final Report". NCHRP Project 1-26, Transportation Research Board, NationalResearch Council, Washington, DC, March (1989).14. Monismith CL, Epps JA, Finn FN. "Improved Asphalt Mix Design" Proceedings, Association ofAsphalt Paving Technologists 347-392 (1985).15. Whiffin AC, Lister NW. "The Application of Elastic Theory to Flexible Pavements" Proceedings,International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan499-452 (1963).16. Skok EL, Finn FN. "Theoretical Concepts Applied to Asphalt Concrete Pavement Design"Proceedings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University ofMichigan, 412-440 (1963).17. Peattie KR. "A Fundamental Approach to the Design of Flexible Pavements" Proceedings,International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan403-411 (1963).18. Dormon GM. "The Extension to Practice of a Fundamental Procedure for the Design of AsphaltPavements" Proceedings, International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements,University of Michigan 785-793 (1963).19. Chua k, Lytton R. "A Method of Time Dependent Analysis Using Elastic Solutions for NonLinearMaterials" International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 421-431(1987).20. Park S, Kim R, Schapery R. "A Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model and Its Application toUniaxial Behavior of Asphalt Concrete" Mechanics of Materials, 241-255 (1996).21. Schapery R. "Models for Damage Growth and Fracture in Nonlinear Viscoelastic ParticulateComposites" Proceedings, Ninth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics, New York, Book NoH00228, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 237-245 (1984).22. Allen D. "Thermomechanical Coupling in Inelastic Solids" Applied Mechanics Rev., ASME 361-373 (1991).
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