what we learned from christchurch taking the risk out ... - PlaceMakers

FOREWORDLessons to be learnedHistory doesn’t need to repeat itselfMajor tragedies often bring about change and, in the case of theCanterbury earthquakes, those changes are already under way.First and foremost, it has reminded everyone of New Zealand’sseismic activity and put the spotlight on earthquake strengtheningand our approach to building design. In this month’s editionof Under Construction, BRANZ focuses on how different buildingdesigns performed in and around Christchurch. While mostmodern buildings performed as designed – with the focus solely onpreserving life – many commercial building owners are now lookingto also ensure buildings can be repaired and reoccupied quickly.Building Code compliance document amendments that resultedfrom post-earthquake studies, such as eliminating the use ofunreinforced slab-on-ground floors, are already passed with otherchanges in the works. Design methods that stood up well in theearthquakes will no doubt become preferred practice elsewherein the country.This is why keeping up to date with what’s happening inChristchurch is important for the industry – not just becauseworking on the rebuild seems to be Plan B for every builder,but also because analysis of the damage has, and will, continueto result in changes to the Building Code and building designthroughout the country.John BeveridgeChief ExecutiveWhen Justin Macready started work at PlaceMakers in Christchurch in 1993, itwas only meant to be for a couple of years while he saved up for a trip to the UK.Twenty years later, he’s still with the company and more than happy where he is.“It just seemed that every time I got itchy feet, there was another opportunity oranother challenge to take on,” says the PlaceMakers Dunedin joint venture operator.“Before I knew it, I’d worked my way through the business and, in 2009, I wasgiven the chance to become JV in Dunedin.”Justin moved with his wife and two kids and he says the whole family love theirnew home and its close-knit community. When Justin’s not at work, he’s usuallyspending quality time with his family, tackling local tracks on his mountain bike,or cheering on the Highlanders, his favourite team.

CONTENTS82 LBP4 OFFCUTS12 INDUSTRY NEWSInvest in the future by bringing young buildersor apprentices along to PlaceMakers’ fourthround of skills maintenance seminarsLocals love Porirua’s new PlaceMakers store;two 50kg Bluenose reignite back doorstepchallenge; Antigua Street’s athletesResidential builds boost housing consents; Kiwibuilders preferred for Canterbury rebuild; BRANZreports increase in consented work in Christchurch10143 BUILDERS’ BUSINESS6 BUILDING & HOUSINGGROUP8 BUILDING & HOUSINGGROUP10 LABOUR GROUP14 BRANZ17 BUILTIN18 CCANZTop business tips from fellow buildersTechnical guidance on repairing and rebuildinghouses in Canterbury green zoneLegal implications of leaky home workWorkplace safety enforcement continues aftermore than 60% of sites didn’t meet standardsHow different house designs performedin Christchurch; Reducing the risks of leakybuilding remediationDo you know what your Public LiabilityInsurance doesn’t cover?A home’s finishing touches – how to plan, designand construct residential driveways and paths20 SITE SAFE Keeping the public safe while you work22 SIMPSON GRIERSONHow would proposed changes to theConstruction Contracts Act affect you?2525 SUPER RUGBY25 SKILLSMAINTENANCEHurricanes offer free labour for a winningcommunity projectRecord your LBP skills maintenance– you’ve earned it!ISSUE 18 > APRIL 2013> PUBLISHER > DCL Corporate Publishing > ENQUIRIES > editor@pmunderconstruction.co.nz; (04) 384 5618DCL Corporate Publishing reserves the right to accept or reject all editorial or advertising material. No part of Under Construction magazine may be published without the expresspermission of the publisher. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed or imagery in Under Construction magazine are not necessarily those of PlaceMakers or the publisher. No responsibilityis accepted for the suggestions of the contributors or conclusions that may be drawn from them. Although the publisher has made every effort to ensure accuracy, the reader remainsresponsible for the correct use and selection of any tools, materials and systems followed, as well as the following of any laws or codes or standards that may apply.1

BUILDERS’ BUSINESSWe want your input –send us your tips and you’ll be in to win!Builders’ Business is a column by builders for builders. Its objective is to provide a forum, particularlyfor small business operators, in which to share knowledge, experience, tips and ideasAquestion will be printed in Builders’ Business each month,with the most useful and relevant responses publishedin the next issue. All responses will be read and reflectedin a ‘Business Trends’ graphic, as a guide to common practices.If you have an opinion, solution or process you want to share,put it in an email with your full name, contact phone number,company name, number of full-time staff and the town or cityin which you’re based to editor@pmunderconstruction.co.nz.All responses must be submitted by 25 April.Also, if you want to ask a question about any aspect ofrunning a business, feel free to email it to us for consideration.Questions will generally be selected based on demand.We look forward to hearing from you!June’s question – submit your answer fora chance to win a PlaceMakers’ prize pack!Clients can make or break a building job. While it’s noteasy to turn away work, do you have any stipulations aboutthe type of clients you will work for and those you won’t?The answers to this question will be published in Under Construction June.April’s question: Bringing on new staff isa time-consuming but necessary part of owning a business.What do you do to induct new employees into yourbusiness and bring them up to speed?Firm: Ross McEwan BuildersPrincipal: Ross McEwanLocation: Te AnauStaff: 2 buildersWe build new homes and light commercialpremises but it’s a fairly small business – justme and two builders – and my staff are fairlylong term, so I haven’t had to hire anybodyfor a while.My newest recruit was a former apprentice, soI didn’t really have to induct him when he cameback, which was great. I did a fair amount ofwork training him when he was an apprentice.Hiring someone after their apprenticeship is agreat way to ensure you get someone who isfamiliar with the ins and outs of the business.It’s a two-way street, though – no surprises foryou or them, as you both know what to expect.I took on my other builder five years ago andhe was also a former apprentice.While I don’t have a specific induction process,I always make sure the first thing I do isshow them around the workshop, go throughthe equipment in there and make sure theyunderstand what they can and can’t use withoutsupervision. But mostly, it’s pretty informal.Since we’re such a small team, it’s pretty easyfor me to teach them as we go along. I’m alwayson site, so if they have a question, they just ask.Firm: Ludlow Builders LtdPrincipal: Brian LudlowLocation: WellingtonStaff: 3 contractorsEven though my staff have worked with mefor years, they’re all contractors, which savesme a heck of a lot of time because they lookafter their own taxes and holiday pay – all Ineed to worry about is actually paying them,and ensuring they do the work up to mystandards – which they always do.Despite the fact they’re contractors, it’simportant that they represent what LudlowBuilders is known for. For example, we’reknown for keeping sites very tidy, respecting theowners and keeping everything clean and safe.It’s just a matter of keeping your head screwedon and reacting properly to situations on site.This sort of stuff isn’t written in a contract, it’sjust something we work our way through. Wehave heaps of site meetings, so I’m seeingthe guys every day and we go over the joband have a look at where we’re going next,what we need to do and how that’s going toaffect the client. We also always make sureto accommodate them, especially if they’reliving in the house, as having work going onis a huge intrusion. It’s very important that thecontractors are in line with what my businessrepresents, as they’re the ones on site.Firm: Pope Homes LtdPrincipal: Erin PopeLocation: RotoruaStaff: 3 builders, 1 adminIn my case, it’s not so much a process as anyoneI hire needs to adhere to our motto, which is‘Building with Integrity’. We’ve worked hard overthe years to build a good reputation in Rotoruaand it’s essential that my staff reflect that.That means respecting health and safetyregulations at all times, following theappropriate dress code and building a client’shome as though it were their own. We holdour clients in very high regard and I makesure new staff understand and have the samerespect for the home owners.I’m usually on site with the guys, so it’s a matterof showing them how things are done as wego along. If they have any questions, or I noticethem doing something that’s not in line with ourmotto, I’m right there to discuss. At the same time,it’s my responsibility to lead by example andI make sure I act the way I’ve told my staff to.For me, it’s important that staff understandrespect is essential in every aspect of thebusiness, whether it’s driving the companyvehicle or speaking to home owners. I alsoexpect the same of my subbies and make thatclear when I hire them.3

OFFCUTSWhat’s on your back doorstep?After several months’ hiatus, Wanaka has come forward with a heavyweight entry to PlaceMakers’‘What’s on your back doorstep?’ competition – more than 100kg worth, in fact!Wanaka builder GraemeVallance may have to buya bigger barbecue to cook upthe two 50kg-plus Bluenose beastshe pulled up – on the same line.Graeme shows off one of his 50kg-plus Bluenose warehouThe loyal PlaceMakers customerwas keen to show the North Islandwhat the Mainland has to offerand, with this catch, you couldcall him an overachiever.“I pulled two of them up from 300 m,”says Graeme. “I was pretty wellshagged by the time I got them upbut it was well worth the effort –they were the biggest fish I’ve evercaught!”Graeme started fishing when hewas just a kid and says years ofexperience have taught him wherethe best spots are – knowledge he’skeeping to himself, for now.So the challenge has been launchedIf there was an amateur division, four-and-a-half-year-old JonathanKing would be the winner. The son of PlaceMakers Wanaka rep GregKing proved he could be a back doorstep contender in a few years bylanding a 2 kg rainbow trout after 20 minutes!once again. What can you bring fromyour back doorstep?Send submissions to twilliams@placemakers.co.nz for the chance tohave your finest hour published inPlaceMakers’ next Under Construction.Porirua tradies shelter from the stormTradies will no longer be at the mercy of the elements when collecting suppliesat PlaceMakers Porirua – its new store is fully undercover and twice the size!At 8,250 m 2 , the new site at theformer Todd Park Mitsubishicar assembly park is doublethe footprint of the Semple Streetstore, which faithfully served thelocal industry for 20 years.Now customers are enjoyingthe expanded offering – especiallythe undercover drive-thru andloading area.PlaceMakers Porirua joint ventureoperator Boyd Kenna says he’sblown away by the feedback he’shad from customers.“We’re committed to the local trade,so it’s been great to have their sealof approval,” says Boyd.“They tell me they enjoy the centrallocation and ease of knowingthey can get all their buildingmaterials and supplies right here,under one roof – and all withoutgetting wet!”He says the new site also providesPlaceMakers Porirua with a platformfor future growth as building industrymomentum continues.Another great new feature is an in-storeWattyl Trade Centre for all paintingneeds.Customers are enjoying the new central locationPlaceMakers Porirua tradies enjoy stocking up undercover4The new 8250 m 2 PlaceMakers Porirua store at Todd Park is twice the size of the old Semple Street site

They work hard, play harder down SouthAntigua Street staff tackle the toughest challengesDan Horwell navigates Goat PassShane Madsen pedals hard to be crowned theinaugural Speight’s Coast to Coast ‘Last Cycle’ winnerThe ‘know-how, can-do’ attitudeof PlaceMakers Antigua Streetstaff – which local tradieshave come to rely on more thanever during the Canterbury rebuild– has been taken to new heightsbeyond the workplace.Those heights surpassed 1000 mfor Steve Brown, Dan Horwell andLisa Barber, who took on the gruelling33 km Goat Pass Mountain Run sectionof the Speight’s Coast to Coast inFebruary.Steve, Dan and Lisa braved freezing,alpine-fed rivers, steep rocky tracksand twisting forest trails to completethe challenge and have since inspiredsome of their colleagues to take itLisa Barber crosses one of many ice-cold rivers duringthe ‘Mountain Run’If pushing your bodyto the limit at the weekendappeals to you, getin touch at the store!on next year. They’re also hopingto get customers involved too. Ifpushing your body to the limit atthe weekend appeals to you, getin touch at the store!ON YOUR BIKEMeanwhile, staff member ShaneMadsen made history by takingpart in the Coast to Coast’s firstever70 km ‘Last Cycle’ section fromWaimakariri Gorge Bridge to Sumner– and winning!Now nicknamed ‘Miguel Indurain’– after the five-time Tour de Francewinner – by his co-workers, Shanehopes to defend his title next yearand maybe even improve on hisinaugral winning time.MARATHON MAN (AND WOMAN)Further up the coast, Mark Hardingand Alice Watson took part in theBuller Gorge Marathon – Markconquered the half marathon andAlice competed in the team event,finishing her 10.5 km leg.Back in the store, all six staff arenow focused on going the extramile for their customers!5

FEATURESMBIE – BUILDING & HOUSINGDirecting house repairs and rebuildsGuidance for rebuilding and repairing houses in the Canterbury green zone hasbeen updated and brought together in one folder, making it easier to navigateTechnical guidance was originallycreated in 2011 to support theCanterbury rebuild and reflect thescale and effects of liquefaction. Itgives technical advice on foundationsfor houses in the Canterbury greenzone; structural repairs; assessingearthquake damage to hillsideproperties and retaining walls;and guidelines for subdivisions.Properties in the flat areas of theCanterbury green zone were dividedinto three Technical Categories (TCs),according to the level of investigationand the appropriate foundationsrequired for each site. This helpeddirect scarce engineering resourcesto areas of greatest need.For the benefit of readers fromoutside of Canterbury, the TCs werebased on area-wide land damageand house damage assessmentsduring the earthquake sequenceand known sub-surface geotechnicalconditions.The TC categories are:TC1: Liquefaction damage is unlikelyin future large earthquakes. Standardresidential foundation assessmentand construction is appropriate.TC2: Liquefaction damage is possiblein future large earthquakes. Standardenhanced foundation repair and rebuildoptions, outlined in the MBIE guidance,are suitable.TC3: Liquefaction damage is possiblein future large earthquakes. Individualengineering assessment is neededto select the appropriate foundationrepair or rebuild option.The December 2012 updates focuson repairs to damaged foundations,new foundation options, superstructurerepairs and subdivisions.There is now updated guidance on repairing and replacing wall bracing elements and significant wall damageFOUNDATION OPTIONSSome guidance on TC1 and TC2foundation options has been clarifiedand there are new options for TC3.Guidance on deep pile foundationshas been updated, and revised pilehead details for deep timber, concreteand steel piles are included. Theguidance lists the criteria that need tobe met when using a deep piled raft.ASSESSING DAMAGE TOFOUNDATIONSThe first task for a building professionalor engineer is to assess the extentof damage to foundations damagedby earthquakes and consider whetherfoundations can be re-leveled andrepaired, or must be rebuilt.MBIE’s guidance says there are threeaspects to consider:• Whether the building has settled bydifferent amounts over its floor, and/or is tilting.• Whether the foundations have been‘stretched’.• Damage to specific parts of thefoundations.These aspects must be consideredin relation to each other. Re-levels orrebuilds are triggered by excessivedifferential settlements or floor stretches.If the building has settled excessively, thefoundations may need to be rebuilt, evenif damage to the piles or the slab doesnot exceed certain limits. If there are cracksin the perimeter wall of the foundations,but the building hasn’t settled, it may bepossible to repair the foundations.If the slope of the floor between two pointsmore than 2 m apart is more than 0.5%(10 mm over 2 m), or the variation in levelover the floor plan is more than 50 mm, itindicates the floor or foundation probablyneeds to be re-leveled or possibly rebuiltdepending on the degree of tilt.Cracks in ceramic floor tiles and distressin vinyl floor coverings and carpet areother indicators. Even if these limits arenot exceeded, floor and superstructurerepairs may be required.6www.mbie.govt.nz

REPAIRING CRACKS INSLAB AND FOUNDATION WALLSThe guidance suggests that any crackscaused or exacerbated by earthquakesshould be repaired but distinguishesbetween cracks requiring structuralrepair and cracks that can be repairedwithout involving an engineer.Cracks in foundations can be causedby factors other than earthquakes –for example, as a result of shrinkageor foundation settlement. The guidancealso includes updated advice onsealing cracks in perimeter foundationwalls.REPAIRS TO THE SUPERSTRUCTUREThere is now updated guidanceon repairing and replacing wallbracing elements and significantwall damage.There is a new section on repairinglathe and plaster interior wall linings.A new table brings together claddingand roofing weight limits for variousfoundation systems. Light construction(roof, walls and floors) significantlyreduces the imposed load on thesubsoils and therefore the potentialfor liquefaction-induced settlement.Revised information on chimneyrepairs includes requirement diagramsand information about ventilation,damage repair and new EnvironmentCanterbury rules.The December 2012 updates focus on repairsto damaged foundations, new foundation options,superstructure repairs and subdivisionsNEW FORMAT MAKESUPDATES EASIERThe guidance is a living document,which will continue to be updatedas new information and new optionscome to light. Updates are clearlymarked in the new document andit is designed to be filed in a ringbound folder. This will make it easy todownload and replace updated pages.NOTE: A report from EnvironmentCanterbury was released at the sametime, complementing the MBIE guidancerelease. The Environment Canterburyreport includes information gatheredover 20 years. The Review of liquefactionhazard information in eastern Canterbury,including Christchurch City, parts ofSelwyn, Waimakariri and HurunuiDistricts, is intended to assist in theassessment of sites outside the TC areasin the Green Zone.The report helps territorial authorities andcommunities in the greater Christchurcharea to identify where geotechnicalinvestigation and engineering assessmentin liquefaction is required. Aimed atgreenfield sites, it targets areas where notmuch data is available, and future landperformance is less certain, as is the casewith TC3 areas. Environment Canterburyrecognised the need to know moreabout these areas and to make surethat the information gets collected tosupport decision making when it comesto plan changes, subdivision consents,and building consents.You can download an information sheet or the full updatedguidance from the MBIE website. Go to www.dbh.govt.nz/canterbury-rebuild-info-sheets for the information sheetand www.dbh.govt.nz/guidance-on-repairs-after-earthquakefor the full guidance.WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!1) a b c2) a b c3) a b cWhat is the first task for a buildingprofessional after assessing earthquakedamage to foundations?a) Take a coffee break.b) Order the materials necessary forthe rebuild.c) Consider whether they can be re-leveledand repaired or must be rebuilt.What do floor stretches indicate?a) A re-level or rebuild is required.b) Your team is warmed up and readyfor work!c) It’s a TC3.How does MBIE guidance distinguishbetween cracks?a) Those requiring structural repairand those that can be repaired withoutan engineer.b) Cracks in walls and cracks in floors.c) There’s good crack and there’s bad crack.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.7

FEATURESMBIE – BUILDING & HOUSINGAvoiding leaky home perilsWeathertight work isn’t the place for risk takers – make sure you protect yourself and your work!You can protect yourself against liability to the current owners by inserting special clauses in your building contract, which clearly define your scope of workThe main risk you face in undertakingleaky home repairs is that, iffurther leaks develop later ondown the track, the homeowner willfile a claim against you. This fifth articlein the series based on the workshoprun by the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment – Buildingand Housing group looks at how youcan effectively manage this risk.Leaky home projects, where the ownerwants a cheap patch-up job done withouta building consent, are high risk andyou should stay well clear of them. Youwant to undertake low-risk projects, wherea reputable building surveyor has donea thorough investigation and prepareda report on the causes of the leaks;an architect has prepared plans andspecifications for the repair work; anda building consent has been obtained.Leaky home projects, where the owner wants a cheappatch-up job done without a building consent,are high risk and you should stay well clear of themAlthough the risk of future leaks ismuch lower in these projects, there willinevitably be occasions where evena consented repair job won’t turn out tobe watertight in the long run. It thereforemakes good sense to protect yourself.There are five main ways of doing that.LIMITATION PERIODSThe law imposes time limits withinwhich people must commence legalproceedings. For claims based onsomething that happened on or before31 December 2010, if a claimant isgoing to bring a claim based on analleged breach of contract, he hassix years from the date when he saysthe relevant term of the contract wasbreached.For claims based on negligence(ie carelessness, which caused someoneloss that was reasonably foreseeable),the claimant has six years from thedate on which the loss or defect becamereasonably discoverable.For claims based on acts or omissionsafter 31 December 2010, where theclaimant is seeking a payment of money,the limitation period is six years from the8www.mbie.govt.nz

elevant act or omission. But even afterthe six years have expired, if the claimantdiscovers (or should have discovered)that he has a claim, he has a furtherthree years from then to file his claim.However, where the claim relates tobuilding work, no claim can be broughtmore than ten years after the act oromission upon which the claim is based.BUILDING CONTRACTYou can protect yourself againstliability to the current owners byinserting special clauses in your buildingcontract, which clearly define yourscope of work. The special clausesshould provide that you are only hiredto do the work shown in the plans andspecifications, not to comment on them,nor to point out any potential defectseither in the repair work or in the rest of thehouse that is not affected by the repairs.INSURANCE POLICYHave an insurance policy thatcovers you against the risk andconsequences of your own mistakes.The first relevant insurance policyis known as a guarantee (or surety)that is offered, for example, by membersof the Certified Builders Associationand Registered Master BuildersFederation. These products protectthe owner rather than the builder andmost do not cover weathertightnesswork; a ‘WaterTight Warranty’ is,however, now available.The second relevant insurance policyis known as Errors & Omissions (E&O)cover or ‘professional indemnity’.WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?Unlike the surety products, this protectsthe builder rather than the owner. Itcovers you where you or your employees,contractors, subcontractors or suppliershave made a mistake, or put faultycomponents or materials into the building.LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIESThe fourth way of protecting yourselfis by way of limited liability companiesand trusts. The whole idea of a limitedliability company is to protect yourpersonal assets from business risks.However, you cannot abuse the privilegeof limited liability; you cannot, forexample, keep liquidating your companyand replacing it with a new one foreach leaky home job you undertake.Secondly, a limited liability companyoffers no protection against claimsbrought against you personally, ifyou had ‘hands-on’ involvement inthe remediation work (ie.: you workedon-site or issued instructions abouthow to do the remedial work).AND TRUSTSThe necessary safeguard in such asituation (which is typical in smallowner-operator businesses) can beprovided by a trust. When you put anasset (such as your house) into trustand you become a trustee, you holdthat particular asset as a custodian orguardian for the people who really ownit, namely the beneficiaries. For thatreason, your own creditors can’t touchthat asset, unless they can prove yourtrust is a sham, or you put your assetsinto trust for the purpose of defeatingTEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!your creditors. So your trust has tobe genuine and it obviously pays tocreate your trust when everything isrosy, rather than when the creditorsare breathing down your neck.YOUR WORKThe fifth and possibly the cheapestand most effective way to avoid futureliability for leaks, is to be thoroughin your work rather than economical.These are the types of projectswhere overkill is more appropriatethan economising. Hopefully, youwill be able to factor that degree ofthoroughness into your pricing.NOTE: This article is not intended to berelied upon as legal advice. Please notethat the views and opinions expressed inthis article are those of Madison Hardyand do not necessarily reflect the opinionor position of the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment – Buildingand Housing group.Next monthThe next article will discusshealth and safety in the contextof remediation projects.This article was provided byGeoff Hardy and Gagan Tangriof Madison Hardy, a commerciallaw firm specialising in constructionlaw. It is not intended as legaladvice. For further informationplease phone (09) 970 9569 ore-mail info@madisonhardy.com.4) a b c5) a b c6) a b cWhat special clause should you includein your building contract?a) That you are only hired to do the workshown in the plans.b) That you are responsible for pointingout potential defects.c) That Target presenters are not allowedwithin 100km of you.What is the idea behind a limited liabilitycompany?a) A very cunning one.b) It allows you tax exemptions.c) It helps protect your personal assetsfrom business risks.When is the best time to establisha trust?a) When business is rosy.b) When creditors are breathing downyour neck.c) When you take a trophy wife.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.9

FEATURESMBIE – HEALTH & SAFETYMaking safety a priorityWhile a substantial number of New Zealand construction companies have made it a priorityto work safely at height, inspectors have also uncovered – and penalised – those that aren’tWhile several construction companies are taking positive action to ensure the safety of their workers, more than 60% of the workplaces assessed in 2012 were performing work at height unsafelyConstruction companies aretaking positive action to ensurethe safety of their workers;however, the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment (MBIE)will continue to target sites whichoperate unsafely.During 2012, health and safety inspectors conductedmore than 1,600 workplace assessments and issuedover 1,000 notices and written warnings to constructioncompanies performing work at height unsafely“It has been very positive to seeconstruction companies usinginnovative solutions to ensure theirstaff are safe while working at height,”says MBIE southern division generalmanager Francois Barton.“Inspectors have seen companiesusing adaptive scaffolding systems,mobile stair systems instead ofladders and soft landing systems tostop workers getting hurt from fallingoff the top plate.”He says many of these solutionsare also increasing productivity byimproving access for builders andtradespeople – these safer systemsallow more people to use them at onceand make it much easier to bring moretools up with them.Companies now using scaffolding andedge protection as standard practiceare helping to level the playing fieldin construction and ensuring that theirworkers come home safely at the endof the day.10www.mbie.govt.nz

At the same time, though, inspectorsare also uncovering a large numberof construction companies that continueto work unsafely at height.During 2012, health and safetyinspectors conducted more than1,600 workplace assessments andissued over 1,000 notices andwritten warnings to constructioncompanies performing work atheight unsafely. Half of the sitesvisited required unsafe work atheight practices to be stoppedand remedied.“We want to see enforcementfigures improving in 2013 as safework at height becomes standardpractice in the industry. To reducethe death and injury toll, we willcontinue to target sites that carryout work at height unsafely andthose companies that put theirworkers at risk,” Mr Barton says.The Ministry will continue itsPreventing Falls from Height projectin 2013 and urges constructioncompanies and workers to make safetya priority. The second enforcementphase began in February and healthand safety inspectors are visitingworksites to target enforcementwhere there is significant visiblenon-compliance.More injuries happen on residentialbuilding sites than any other workplacein the construction sector. Builders,WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?The Ministry will continue its Preventing Falls fromHeight project in 2013 and urges construction companiesand workers to make safety a priorityroofers, electrical workers, paintersand decorators are the most likely tofall from height and get seriously hurtwhile they are working.Slips, trip and falls from height arethe most common cause of seriousharm injuries reported to the Ministry.More than half of falls from heightin construction are from lower thanthree metres, mainly off roofs andfrom ladders.If there’s a chance of a fall – fromany height – precautions have tobe taken. Inspectors will challengeany workplace that supports a viewthat no height hazard exists belowthree metres. Work at height mustTEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!Quick statsbe actively managed, so that peopleare not harmed or killed as a result.“Hundreds of construction workersare injured on building sites every yearand the impacts of some of these arelife changing. These accidents canbe prevented. Safety must be a priorityfor everyone on the job.”“Health and safety is the responsibilityof everyone on the site. We all havea role to play in improving workplacesafety – doing nothing is not an option,”Mr Barton says.More information on the PreventingFalls from Height project is availableat www.dol.govt.nz/prevent-falls/index.asp.Latest figures from the Ministry show that in 2012:• Eight people died working in construction.• 706 construction workers were seriously injured.• 63 people were seriously injured from a fall from height.• Six prosecutions involving a fall from height were completed and eight are pending.• 1,656 workplace assessments were undertaken by inspectors.• 1,057 notices or warnings were issued for unsafe work at height.• 796 construction sites had work stopped for unsafe work at height.7) a b c8) a b c9) a b cConstruction companies musttake all practicable steps to ensuresafety for:a) Their employees.b) Their employees and the public.c) People who pay them protectionmoney.What should all construction workerswear on site?a) Bright and highly visible PPE.b) Clothes they feel comfortable in.c) Whatever’s most likely to attractfemale admirers.What function must signs fulfil forpedestrians and motorists?a) Make them take notice of the greatjob you’re doing.b) Make them aware of hazardsthat exist.c) Give them something to moan about.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.11

INDUSTRY NEWSHousing consents continue positive trendJanuary growth driven by residential building in the North IslandJanuary 2013 saw anothermonth of growth as new housingconsents (excluding apartments)increased 9.6% on the previousJanuary. The seasonally adjustedgrowth figures continue a 22-monthtrend that has seen housing consentnumbers rise 50% since March 2011.January growth was all driven fromthe North Island, led by Auckland,Wellington and the Bay of Plenty.The regions with the largest consentvolumes were again Auckland, with372 consents in January, up 140 onJanuary 2012, and Christchurch, with378 consents, down one. Wellingtonconsents were up 31 (51%) to 92 andBay of Plenty was up 26 (42%) to 88.Overall, there were 1,312 newdwellings consented in January 2013(including apartments), an increaseof 19% on January 2012. Excludingapartments, the unadjusted numberof housing consents was up 39% to1,254 and apartment consents weredown 70% from 198 to 58.The value of residential consentsfor January was $517 million, 34%higher than the same month in 2012.The value of non-residential buildingsin January 2013 was $223 million,down 1.4% on January 2012. Consentsfor six of the eleven building typesincreased in January. Overall, thebiggest movers were storage buildings,up $16 million, and shops, restaurantsand taverns, down $29 million. Thethree largest contributors to nonresidentialbuilding consents wereeducation buildings (20%), offices andadministration buildings (19%) andstorage buildings (12%).In Canterbury, earthquake-relatedconsents were $60 million in January2013, including $14 million for nonresidentialbuildings, $28 million forresidential buildings and $18 millionfor the Ferrymead bridge. Canterburyconsent values in recent months hadranged from $45 million to $59 million.Overall, the consent value for allbuildings in January 2013 was$740 million, up 21% on January2012 with all the growth comingfrom residential buildings. The trendfor the value of all buildings overthe last three months has decreasedslightly after a year of moderategrowth.For the year to January 2013, thevalue of consents for all buildingswas up $1,563 million (18%) to$10,203 million.Kiwi builders first choice for rebuildCanterbury Skills and Employment Hub will connect employers with qualified Kiwis first12Anew visa rule, which cameinto effect on 29 January, aimsto ensure New Zealanders arefirst in line for job vacancies createdas part of the Christchurch rebuild,according to immigration ministerNathan Guy.“The new rule means visa applicationsto fill most jobs in Canterbury won’tbe processed until a check has beendone to ensure there are no suitableNew Zealanders to fill the vacancy,”he said.Employers are now required to registervacancies for trades, clerical and manualoccupations in Canterbury with theCanterbury Skills and Employment Hubbefore they support a visa applicationfor a migrant to fill the vacancy.If there are New Zealandersdeemed suitable todo the job, the Skills Hubwill help put the employerin touch with themIf there are New Zealanders deemedsuitable to do the job, the Skills Hubwill help put the employer in touch withthem. If not, a letter will be sentto Immigration New Zealand confirmingas much. Only then will the migrantbe considered to fill the vacancy.The rule change covers most jobs inthe Canterbury region, including trade,clerical and manual jobs. It does notinclude highly skilled occupationsor those on the Canterbury SkillsShortage List.Employers can register their vacanciesonline at opportunitycanterbury.org.nz.New visa application rules support Kiwis first

Consented building work picks up in ChchRecent analysis by BRANZ of building activity in Christchurch showsthat work requiring a building consent is only now ramping upWhile plenty of minor repairshave been carried out sincethe initial September 2010earthquake in Darfield, consentedrebuilding work is only now gettingunder way.Only about $100 million worth (3.3%)of alterations and additions consented workhas been done in the last 12 monthsNEW HOME CONSENTSAn estimated 10,000 new dwellingsare needed to replace badly damagedhomes and Christchurch City leads inthe number of new house consents, butWaimakariri and Selwyn also have asignificant amount of new construction,most of it in new subdivisions.REPAIR WORK SLOWThe amount of repairable damageto housing is approximately$9 million, of which BRANZ estimatesabout $3 billion requires consents.Only about $100 million worth(3.3%) of alterations and additionsconsented work has been done in thelast 12 months.The other $6 billion is attributed toland claims, contents damage andminor building repairs. These repairscan be done under an exemption tothe Building Act, which applies if theChristchurch City Council has goodreason to believe the work can bedone properly without a buildingconsent.EQC and insurance companiesare spending about $100 millionper month on smaller-sized housingwork that is not being consented.As the jobs over $100,000 start topick up, BRANZ expects averageconsented values to also increasesignificantly.Repairs in the non-residential sectorstarted earlier than for housing,but BRANZ expects to see a risein consented residential activityfrom now onwards.WIN SUPER RUGBY SKILLS FOR YOUR CLUB OR SCHOOL TEAM!SUPER FOOTYMONTH5TRAININGSESSIONS WONTO BESUPER CHARGE YOUR LOCAL CLUB OR SCHOOL RUGBYSEASON WITH SUPER RUGBY SKILLS TRAINING!How does a boot around with the Blues, a chuck-around with the Chiefs, a blast with theHurricanes, a kick-around with the Crusaders or a hit-out with the Highlanders sound?Awesome right? 5 lucky winners will win three Investec Super Rugby players, spendingtime with their local school or club rugby team – it could be yours!RUGBYSESSIONPER REGIONUP FORGRABS!SIMPLY SPEND $20 ATYOUR LOCAL PLACEMAKERSSTORE DURING APRIL ANDGO IN THE DRAW TO WIN*!*Terms & conditions apply, see entry form or www.placemakers.co.nz for details.PlaceMakers - The OfficialCommunity Partner of

FEATURESBRANZEarthquake performanceBRANZ research shows that houses built to the current Building Code and standards generally stood upwell to the Canterbury earthquakes. However, more complex, specifically designed houses often had issuesThe earthquakes that have struckCanterbury since 4 September2010 have provided anopportunity for engineers to comparethe actual performance of a widerange of structures against theoreticalexpectations.This has been particularly true forBRANZ structural engineers, whohave been closely involved from theinitial event, first in the emergencyresponses to the main earthquakes of4 September 2010, 22 February 2011and 13 June 2011, and then in therecovery operations centred on theregion’s housing stock.HOUSE AND GROUNDPERFORMANCEFollowing the June 2011 earthquake,BRANZ conducted a comprehensiverandom survey of over 300 housesin Christchurch to gain a betterappreciation of the performance ofthe range of house types, includingthe effects of ground conditions.Houses on the flat had either beenaffected by ground failure resultingfrom the earthquakes (liquefaction)or by earthquake shaking. Whilepredominantly affected by shaking,some hillside houses were also affectedby ground instability such as rock fall,rock roll, and slope and cliff failure.To varying degrees, liquefactionaffected a large proportion of houseson the flat. Of the properties surveyedon the flat, 30% experienced liquefactionof the site, with half of these havingliquefaction in all three major earthquakeevents before the survey.CHRISTCHURCH FOUNDATION STYLESThe survey sample confirmed there havebeen two predominant foundation stylesin Christchurch over the history of thecity. Houses built in the early and middle20th century generally have floors onpiles with perimeter concrete foundationwalls, while most houses built since 1980have concrete slab-on-ground foundations.When the ground liquefied, neitherfoundation style was sufficiently robust,leaving many houses uninhabitable.Many of the perimeter concrete foundationwalls supported heavy brick or blockcladdings and heavy concrete or clay tileroofs. When the liquefaction was severe,these walls settled into the ground at agreater rate than the more lightly loadedpiles, resulting in a badly distorted house.The slab-on-ground floors were also hithard by the soil liquefaction. Many ofthe slabs were unreinforced (acceptablein NZS 3604 construction before theearthquakes), and those that were hadbrittle reinforcing mesh fractured as theslab distorted. The then DBH issued anamendment to its citation of NZS 3604,requiring all new floors in New Zealandbe reinforced with ductile reinforcing.NEED FOR STRONGER FOUNDATIONSThe Engineering Advisory Group(EAG) has developed a range ofmore robust foundation systems fornew houses on properties wherethere is a likelihood of liquefaction infuture earthquakes. Some foundationsare expected to accommodate theassociated ground distortions withminimal distortion of the house –stiff rafts – while others have beendesigned so re-levelling is a relativelyeasy process – suspended timber floors.Other solutions involve treating theground before the house is built tocontain the liquefying soils and providea stiff soil platform for the foundation.Repairs would still be required in manyinstances, but these would be minor andthe disruption to occupants is expectedto be low.Now, Christchurch probably has thebest database of subsoil informationof any territorial authority (TA) in thecountry, allowing a more informedselection of appropriate foundationsystem for the conditions.Other TAs with known areas ofliquefiable soils, particularly where thereis also potentially high seismicity, shouldconsider what house foundations orground treatments are most appropriateto ensure resilient performance.14www.branz.co.nzThis house was effectively destroyed because of damage to foundations resulting from liquefaction

GEOTECHNICAL STUDY FORNEW SUBDIVISIONSThe greatest opportunity comes withnew subdivisions, where global treatmentcan be undertaken to improve the soilcharacteristics of the whole area beforenew houses are built, if required. The EAGhas developed guidance for geotechnicalassessments of proposed new subdivisionsin the Canterbury earthquake regionthat are also likely to be applicable inother areas of the country.BEST STRUCTURAL PERFORMERSThe performance of light timber-framedand steel-framed houses generallyconfirmed predictions that these structuresare resilient to violent shaking. Theauthors are not aware of any of thesestructures – which generally fit withinthe constraints of NZS 3604 – collapsingin any of the earthquakes.Undeniably, damage was sustained,but these houses had sufficient energydissipation capability to resist theearthquakes and remain standing,allowing occupants to escape injury ordeath – the primary performance objectiveof the New Zealand Building Code.BRACING STOOD UPModern, framed houses rely heavilyon plasterboard linings to providethe primary bracing resistance, whileolder houses have diagonal timberbraces fitted into the wall framingbehind the linings.Both methods of bracing providedadequate resistance to lateralWHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?When the ground liquefied, neither foundationstyle was sufficiently robust, leaving manyhouses uninhabitableloads, although the stiffness of theplasterboard sheet linings is greaterthan the diagonal braces, which meantlinings were damaged before or asthe diagonal braces took up load.Where liquefaction was notexperienced, there was little observedmajor damage to the sheet bracingsystems, suggesting that no changeswere required to NZS 3604:2011.STIFFNESS ISSUES IN COMPLEX HOUSESGreater levels of damage wereobserved in more complex specificallydesigned houses that fell outside thescope of NZS 3604. This tended to becaused by discontinuities in floor plates– split level styles and irregularity, bothin plan and vertically. It was also clearthat, while houses with uneven stiffnessdistribution did not collapse, there wasoften significant non-structural damage.An area of specific design requiringgreater consideration is the need toTEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!Attention!check the likely response of structuraldesigns with stiffness irregularities– often the case when houses havebeen built with large windowopenings. These designs needappropriate measures to eithermitigate the stiffness incompatibilityor ensure windows and other nonstructuralitems can accommodatethe expected deflections.CODES AND STANDARDS PASSEDTHE TESTOverall, the performance of the housesof Christchurch and Canterbury wasvery encouraging from the life safetyviewpoint. While there was a lot ofcostly damage and loss of amenity,this sequence of events producedlevels of shaking significantly abovethe design values.The overriding lesson for our industryis a better application of existing Codesand standards rather than wholesalechanges on a countrywide basis.Are you a building contractor who pays levy fees through a consent authority?If so, then you are entitled to a free subscription of BUILD magazine from BRANZ.Simply email publicationsales@branz.co.nz to check that you meet therequired criteria and get your subscription.10) a b c11) a b c12) a b cWhat structures were generally resilientto violent shaking in Christchurch?a) Light timber-framed and steel-framedhouses.b) Houses built of Lego.c) More complex specifically designedhouses.During ground liquefaction, whichfoundation style was sufficiently robust?a) Perimeter concrete foundation walls.b) Concrete slab-on-groundfoundations.c) Neither.Greater levels of damage to housesin Christchurch tended to be caused by:a) Discontinuities in floor plates.b) Godzilla.c) Small window openings.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.15

FEATURESBRANZRemoving mould-contaminated materialsRecommended steps to reduce biocontaminant exposure when fixing leaky buildingsRecent BRANZ research hasshown that, where leaky buildingsare being repaired, workersare exposed to a cloud of allergenic(causing an allergic reaction),carcinogenic (cancer-causing) andtoxic biocontaminants as they strip thecladding and remove mouldy materials.Especially concerning is the dangerouslyhigh concentrations of the very toxicmould Stachybotrys in the cloudgenerated during deconstruction ordemolition. The most dangerous periodof contamination is during removal ofmouldy materials, but workers must bealert throughout the whole process.To reduce exposure to thesebiocontaminants, contractors must befamiliar and vigilant with health and safetyprocedures. After consultation with leakybuilding remediation specialists Prendos andAlexander and Co, BRANZ recommends thefollowing steps where mould contaminationhas been identified or is expected:• Contamination, decontamination andsafe zones should be established.• Where possible, internal linings andexternal joinery should remain inplace until mould decontaminationis completed, by working from theoutside, removing cladding and thencontaminated material.• If this is not possible, internal airbarriers with depressurisation of internalcontaminated zones is required tomaintain other internal safe zones.• Personal protective equipment (PPE),including overalls, safety boots,gloves, helmets, eye protection andWHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?respirators, must be worn by all thosein contaminated zones during claddingand mould removal.• Mould should be removed before it isable to dry.• Spores and mycotoxins are likelyto stick to workers’ hair and theunprotected areas of their faces. Aclean decontamination area is requiredfor removal of PPE and washing. Onsitebasins are a minimum requirementto provide for washing before leavingthis zone and entering safe zones orleaving the site.To reduce exposureto biocontaminants,contractors must be familiarand vigilant with healthand safety procedures• On highly contaminated sites, specialistadvice must be sought, and on-siteshowers may have to be provided.• Good practices of overall removal,glove removal and hand washingmust be in place during breaks andafter work. Hands and faces mustbe washed before eating.• Disposable overalls should bedisposed of on site after use or atthe end of each day.• Disposable gloves are to be usedand disposed of after each use.• Safety boots are to remain on siteat the end of the day to minimiseTEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!spore and mycotoxin transfer tovehicles and homes. Alternatively,boots should be thoroughly cleanedbefore removing them from the site.• Helmets, respirators and eye protectionmust be cleaned after each use withparticular care to wipe the inside ofrespirators and eye protection withdisposable wet wipes.• Breaks, especially meal breaks, mustbe taken within safe zones and mustnot be taken within the building wherecladding is being removed or adjacentto stored or transported contaminatedmaterials (such as the skip).• Clean site sheds or separate approvedareas such as a garage must be provided.• Material contaminated with mouldmust be bagged before being placedin skips. Do not break these bags ordisturb contaminated waste by dumpingheavy waste on top!• Truck drivers and others tasked withremoving skip bins full of contaminatedmaterials should also wear protectiveclothing or respirators when loadingand unloading.Indoor concentrations of biocontaminantsmay remain high once the repair iscomplete, so before handing the buildingback to its occupants, it should bethoroughly cleaned to eliminate dustand debris. It should then be tested fornon-viable spore counts and be recleanedif necessary before reoccupation.These recommendations reflect currentindustry best practice and may bemodified once wider research andconsultation has been carried out.13) a b c14) a b c15) a b cWhat is Stachybotrys?a) A non-toxic mould found in leakybuildings.b) A very toxic mould found in leakybuildings.c) It’s hard to say.16www.branz.co.nzWhat is cited as the most hazardousperiod when repairing leaky buildings?a) When removing mould-contaminatedmaterials.b) When telling the homeowner that morework is required than was first thought.c) When working at height.What should you do before handingthe building back to its occupants?a) Give them the number of a localcleaning service.b) Thoroughly clean it to eliminatedust and debris.c) Throw a party.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views oropinions of the contributing organisation.

BUILTIN NZFEATURESWhat PLI doesn’t cover (Part 2)Public liability insurance (PLI) is one of the most important policies a tradesman shouldhave. It’s intended to protect you from the cost of damaging other people’s property and,in some cases, causing them injury – but it’s important you know what it doesn’t coverLike any insurance policy, thereare exclusions to make clear thethings not covered. Last month,we started off with the more genericand obvious ones that have becomestandard in most insurance policies.This month, we delve more into somethat are more likely to affect buildersand tradespeople.BUILDING DEFECTS, MOULD, ROT,GRADUAL DETERIORATION ANDWATER PENETRATIONAs a result of the leaky homes crisis, manypolicies from general insurers now excludecover from the effects of water penetratinga building envelope. As the multi-billiondollar cost of the crisis became clear,insurers decided that the cost of futureleaky building claims was too high forthem to bear and amended their policiesto exclude it. Separate policies that protectbuilders from claims of financial lossrelated to leaky homes, such as Builtin’sE&O Indemnity, are available. Leaksfrom internal pipes and water systems arestill covered by public liability insurance.ERRORS IN PROFESSIONAL ADVICEYou are generally not covered fordamage that results from bad advice,or where you haven’t given advice thatyou should have, if you’ve chargedfor it. As an expert, your clients areentitled to rely on what you say; ifyou get it wrong, they can hold youliable or the cost of this mistake. Ifyou gave the advice for free thenyou may still be covered. In somepolicies, you can add this cover backfor a modest additional premium.WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?DEFECTIVE DESIGNCosts arising from a defective design orspecification are excluded from cover.You should be wary of doing any design,whether that’s architectural, engineering,the whole house or a specific detail, unlessyou have separate professional indemnityinsurance that specifically covers this.YOUR PRODUCTS, MATERIALS ANDTHE PROPERTY YOU’RE WORKING ONProducts that you own, supply, install orconstruct are excluded under most policies.This becomes tricky for tradespeoplebecause of the way insurers define what‘your products’* are. Along with the obvious,‘your product’ may also include any propertythat you have been, or are, working on.When it comes to claims from builders, thehouse you’re building has been interpretedas ‘your product’ and therefore is notcovered because of this exclusion. However,some policies make it clear that buildings,or separate components of a property, willstill be covered. As a builder, these are thepolicies you want.*The definition of ‘your products’ is oneof the most important aspects of yourpolicy and we strongly recommendthat you switch to a policy with a morebuilder-friendly definition.Next month we look at exclusions forliability you’ve contracted into, loss of use,defamation, defective workmanship andproperty you’ve hired or are looking after.NOTE: This article is intended to clarifysome of the exclusions contained withinmost general/public liability policiesavailable from major insurers inTEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!The multi-billion dollar cost of the leaky home crisis resultedin many policies from general insurers excluding cover fromthe effects of water penetrating a building envelopeNew Zealand. Some exclusions can beremoved by purchasing an extension toyour policy, so it’s important that you check.The specific wording from different insurerswill vary and you should seek the adviceof a professional if necessary. This articleis not comprehensive and should notbe relied upon as legal advice. Insurerswill interpret and apply their own policywording depending on the specificcircumstances of each individual claim.About BuiltinBuiltin New Zealand is a specialistin construction liability insurance, withpolicies tailored to meet the needsof builders & tradespeople. For moreinformation visit www.builtin.co.nz/Insurance or email Ben Rickardat ben@builtin.co.nz or call him on(07) 579 6259 or 0275 212 014.16) a b c17) a b c18) a b cWhen might you be covered for damagethat results from your advice?a) When you’re sure you’re right.b) When you gave the advice for free.c) When your advice was meant asa joke.What leaks are covered by publicliability insurance?a) Those from internal pipes and water systems.b) Those caused by water penetratinga building envelope.c) Those caused after a heavy night of drinking.What do insurers usually include underthe term ‘your products’?a) Anything you own, supply, install orconstruct.b) Your kids.c) Your sperm bank deposits.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation. 17

FEATURESCCANZPaving the way – Design (Part 1)Driveways, paths and patios are among the key finishing touches that complete a home.This second article in CCANZ’s series on residential concrete focuses on designThe basic function of residentialpavements such as driveways,paths and patios is to providesafe, easy access onto or arounda property. Concrete is typicallyused to not only provide a durablepaving surface sloped to providesurface water run-off, but one whichcan also incorporate a wide rangeof decorative finishes to complementthe design and landscaping of theresidence.While providing a concrete pavement onthe ground is relatively straightforward,there are many aspects of design andconstruction that need to be consideredin order to produce a finished productthat will satisfy both the functional andaesthetic requirements demanded byhomeowners.CONCRETE STRENGTHConcrete with a specified compressivestrength of 20 MPa compliant withNZS 3104 is recommended forresidential pavements. A higherstrength may be required in certainsituations, such as:• Heavier loads. If the pavement isbeing used by vehicles between 3 and10 tonne gross mass, and infrequentlyby heavier vehicles that do not exceedthe statutory limits for tyre, wheeland axle loads, a specified strength of25 MPa or 30 MPa is recommended.Such pavements also need to bethicker (see Table 1).• Abrasion resistance. This is the abilityof the concrete surface toresist wear; it is directly related tothe strength of concrete and thequality of the surface finish. A 20 MPaconcrete is satisfactory for mostresidential paving applications, includingtypical driveways. The higher strengthrecommended for heavier loadswill also produce a higher abrasionresistance provided the surface finishand curing are carried out correctly.• Freezing and thawing.A 25 MPa concrete should be usedif the pavement is subjected tooccasional freezing. Where morethan 50 freezing cycles occur eachyear, a 30 MPa concrete should beused. Also, an air-entraining agentshould be used in the concrete mixtargeting a 5% air content.The constructionof driveway pavementswithout reinforcing meshis not recommendedTHICKNESSTable 1 shows recommended thicknessalong with concrete compressivestrength. The load the slab can carry isalso dependent on the adequacy of thesubgrade to support the loaded slab.OTHER PROPERTIESIf properties in addition to strength arerequired, ‘Special Concrete’ shouldbe specified and the means by whichcompliance is established. For colouredand decorative pavement finishes,some of the properties (apart from thestrength) that may be required include:• Colour pigments. Supplier, colourand percentage by weight of cementto be used.Pavement UsePaths & Patios(Foot traffic only)Typical DrivewayVehicle use < 3 t grossPavement with vehicles3 t to 10 tTable 1: Pavement thickness and specified concrete compressive strength• Aggregates. For exposedaggregates, any information necessaryto identify the stone required – size,type, texture, colour (eg nominal10 mm aggregate consisting of 90%brown rounded river gravel and10% crushed white quartz).• Cement colour. Normal grey,off-white or white. Note that theavailability of these should be checkedprior to specifying. An alternative toachieve a lighter colour is the use ofa titanium white colour pigment.PERMEABLE PAVEMENTSPermeable (or pervious) pavementsare being specified in areas whererun-off from existing hard surfacesdue to extreme rainfall events causesoverloading of the stormwater systems.Permeable concrete is similar tono-fines concrete and has continuousvoids, which allow water to infiltratethrough the pavement. Alternatively,permeable pavers can be used.The water is held in storage under thepavement, which effectively reducesthe peak run-off entering the sub-gradeor the stormwater system. Informationon permeable pavements is found atwww.concretenetwork.com/pervious.SEGMENTAL PAVEMENTSConcrete segmental pavers rangingfrom small brick-sized units to thelarger flag pavers are availablein a variety of colours, finishes andPavementThicknessPavement ConcreteSpecified Strength75 mm 20 MPa100 mm 20 MPa150 mm 25 or 30 MPa18www.ccanz.org.nz

textures. Information on segmentalpavers including permeable paversis available from the New ZealandConcrete Masonry Association websitewww.nzcma.org.nz.DRIVEWAY WIDTHThe typical driveway width is 3 m,although 2.7 m is acceptable whereroom is tight. However, accommodatinglarger vehicles may be difficult. A3.6 m driveway allows a comfortableamount of room for passengers exitinga car. Double car driveways needto be between 6 m and 7.3 m wide.Next month’s article will look atreinforcement, crack control and surfacetolerances.If properties in additionto strength are required,‘Special Concrete’should be specified andthe meansby whichcompliance is establishedFig 1: Typical joint layout for a 100 mm thick driveway with 665 meshAbout CCANZThis article contains information from CCANZ’s Information Bulletin 80 Residential Concrete Driveways and Paths, whichprovides guidance on the planning, design, construction, maintenance and specification aspects that need to be consideredto ensure a successful concrete paving project. Content from New Zealand Standards in this bulletin has been reproducedby CCANZ with permission from Standards New Zealand under licence 000997. Any New Zealand Standard referred to inthis bulletin can be purchased from Standards New Zealand by telephoning 0800 782 632 or visiting www.standards.co.nzCCANZ would also like to thank Cement Concrete Aggregates Australia (CCAA) for their assistance in producing thebulletin. To download the full Bulletin visit the CCANZ website – www.ccanz.org.nzWHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!19) a b c20) a b c21) a b cAccording to the text, heavier loadsrequire:a) Two seats on aeroplane flights.b) Concrete with a specified strengthof 25 MPa or 30 MPa.c) Concrete with a specified strengthof 20 MPa.When should ‘Special Concrete’ bespecified?a) When properties in addition to strengthare required.b) When you want to show off yourkung fu skills.c) When you require extra strength.What is abrasion resistance related to?a) The strength of concrete and thequality of the surface finish.b) A thick skin.c) The number of freezing cycleseach year.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.19

FEATURESSITE SAFEKeeping the public safeConstruction sites can pose a variety of hazards to the public, somake sure you take the necessary precautions to keep them safeUnder The Health and Safetyin Employment Act 1992(HSE) construction companiesmust take all practicable steps toensure safety for not only theiremployees but the public as well,including children and other localresidents attracted to constructionactivities.Construction companies and workersall have a part to play in ensuringthe public are not endangered byconstruction work.The most common potentialhazards on a site that can affectthe public include:OBJECTS / EQUIPMENT AT HEIGHTObjects including concrete debris,chisels, bolts, timber off-cuts, scaffoldplanks and steel beams have thepotential to fall from buildings,suspended scaffolding and workplatforms. Bundles and trays of buildingmaterials swung above people’s headsalso provide a hazard for the public.THOROUGHFARE / WALKWAYSConstruction sites that extend outinto public access ways and forcepedestrians to walk on the roadwayor negotiate scaffolding can bevery dangerous. Vehicles crossingfootpaths or emerging suddenly fromenclosed sites are hazardous also.UNEVEN SURFACESBroken and uneven footpaths, holesnot filled in, surfaces covered inmud and water, or open excavationswhere people can fall are a majorhazard for the public.VISITORS ON SITEPeople visiting the site are generally muchless aware of hazards and the necessaryprecautions on construction sites.Ensure that proper signs are used to make the public aware of hazards that may existConstruction companies and workers allhave a part to play in ensuring the public arenot endangered by construction work20www.sitesafe.org.nz

CHEMICALS AND NOISEChemicals, paint or concrete canbe hazardous in the hands of thepublic or to their property. Site noise,dust and welding flashes requiresuitable screens and warning signsas they are a risk.MACHINERYMachinery that is left unattendedor not locked away can encouragevandalism, theft or misuse byunauthorised persons.Where practicable, the publicshould be prevented from enteringthe construction site or approachingconstruction activities. Precautionsmust be taken within the constructionsite to ensure any potential risk tothe public is minimised. Creatinga public safety checklist for all jobsites is a good step for constructioncompanies to implement.Some public safety controlmeasures are:BARRICADESPublic areas that will be affectedby a construction job should bebarricaded. Barricades should beorange or yellow and have reflectivetape for night visibility. Detours mustbe clearly defined and protect peoplefrom potential dangers of road traffic,suspended loads, elevated workingplatforms and suspended scaffolds.Excavations should be coveredand securely fenced to prevent publicaccess. Keep the site tidy: neatlystack material, immobilise plant,and remove or lower ladders.Public areasthat will be affectedby a construction jobshould be barricadedWORKER VISIBILITYAll construction workers shouldbe in bright and highly visible PPEfor both motorists and pedestriansto see.Supervise vehicles across footpathsto remove the risk of danger to thepublic. Adequate security of the siteshould also be provided during nonworkinghours.EQUIPMENT AND TRAININGFOR VISITORSClearly mark and pad scaffoldintruding onto public access ways.Pneumatic tools should have silencersor other systems of noise abatementfitted such as timber or neoprene pilingdollies to keep noise to acceptablelevels. Induct all site visitors (not justworkers) so that everyone on site isaware of hazardsSIGNSEnsure that proper signs are usedto make pedestrians and motoristsaware of hazards that may exist.Walk past your job site and checkthat all signs are visible, not coveredup by traffic signs, trees, barricadesor other objects such as mail boxesor rubbish bins.WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!About Site SafeSite Safe NZ Inc is a not-for-profit, industry-led organisation that promotesa culture of safety in New Zealand construction and related industries.For more information about Site Safe NZ Inc, our products and services,or to speak to a Safety Advisor, contact us on 0800 SITE SAFE or visit ourwebsite at www.sitesafe.org.nz.22) a b c23) a b c24) a b cConstruction companies musttake all practicable steps to ensuresafety for:a) Their employees.b) Their employees and the public.c) The staff they consider worthprotecting.What should all construction workerswear on site?a) Loose, comfortable clothing.b) Bright and highly visible PPE.c) Whatever attracts the most femaleattention.What function must signs fulfilfor pedestrians and motorists?a) Advertise your business.b) Raise awareness of hazards.c) Give them something to else tomoan about.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.21

FEATURESLEGALGetting your hands on your money (Part 3)Details on proposed changes to the Construction Contracts Act and how it could affect you and your businessIn the previous two editions ofUnder Construction, we lookedat the Construction ContractsAct 2002 (Act), focusing on:a) How the Act may prove useful inhelping you get paid.b) The options available to youunder the Act to enforce paymentsdue to you, including the suspensionof work.In this month’s edition we look atthe proposed changes to the Act, thereasons for them and what it mightmean for you in your business.BACKGROUNDWhen the Act originally came intoforce in April 2003, it reformed thelaw relating to construction contractsand changed the face of disputeresolution in the New Zealandconstruction industry. Following itsintroduction, the Act generally appliedto every construction contract enteredinto after 1 April 2003, whether ornot governed by NZ law and whetherthe construction contract was written,oral, or partly written and partly oral.The Act also introduced provisionsreforming the law relating to constructioncontracts. In particular, it aimed to:a) Facilitate regular and timelypayments between the parties toconstruction contracts.b) Provide for the speedy resolution ofdisputes arising under a constructioncontract.c) Provide remedies for the recoveryof payments under a constructioncontract.However, a number of practicalissues have since arisen with theAct and the way it operates, or isapplied, on a day-to-day basis.22In particular, there have beencomplaints around:a) The distinction drawn in the Actbetween residential and commercialwww.simpsongrierson.comwww.bcito.org.nzThe proposed changes to the Act would clarify and shorten the timeframes that will apply once the dispute resolutionprocess starts, meaning less time wastedconstruction contracts (The Act setsout different procedures dependingon whether the construction contractis a residential or a commercialconstruction contract).b) Difficulties in enforcing determinationsunder the Act due to time and costbarriers.c) The fact that the Act only applies tophysical construction work, therebypotentially excluding professionalservice providers, such as architectsand engineers, from its disputeresolution processes.CHANGES PROPOSEDThe Government is currently proposingto amend the Act (via the introductionof a Construction Contracts AmendmentBill) in order to:a) Improve the application of the Actto everyday situations.Publication delayedPublication of the revised NZS3910 Conditions of Contract forbuilding and engineering is nowexpected in mid-2013 due to alarge amount of public feedbackduring the comment period.Standards New Zealand issueda draft edition of the revised NZS3910 in September 2012, andinvited public comment for a periodof two months, during which morethan 1000 comments were received.Based on the feedback from thesector, three standards will bepublished in place of one. Separatestandards will relate to construction,design and construction and termmaintenance.More information is available atstandards.co.nzN

) Create a uniform regime betweenresidential and commercialconstruction contracts.c) Provide more cost-effective andefficient options for people withdisputes.In addition to a number of minorand technical changes proposed,the key changes proposed are:a) Removing the differentiationbetween residential and commercialconstruction contracts in mostcircumstances. This will mean thatall payment claims – and not justthose relating to residential contracts– will need to be accompanied bya notice, which outlines the processfor responding to the paymentclaim and an explanation of theconsequences of not respondingor not paying the claimed amounton time.b) Clarifying and shortening thetimeframes that will apply oncethe dispute resolution process starts.This will mean that, in an adjudicationprocess, once a party applies tohave a determination enforced,the responding party will only havefive working days to respond, insteadof the current 15 working days(unless the adjudication is particularlycomplex in which case the adjudicatormay allow additional time).c) Extending the application ofthe range of work covered by theAct to include design, engineeringand quantity surveying work.WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR ME?The changes to the Act outlined aboveare only proposed changes at thisstage; there is still an opportunity tomake submissions, as it is anticipatedthey will not be passed into lawuntil later this year. If the changesare implemented in their current form,it will mean that:a) Contractors, who work solely ormostly on commercial contracts,will need to send a notice withevery payment claim outliningthe process for responding to thepayment claim and an explanationof the consequences of notresponding or not paying theclaimed amount on time. Unlessthis notice is sent, any paymentclaim will be considered invalid.b) Professionals carrying out design,engineering and quantity surveyingwork will fall within the ambit ofthe Act and will need to be familiarwith the requirements imposed bythe Act (in particular the paymentnotice requirement) along withthe disputes resolution process.c) If you are involved in a disputeresolution process under the Act,you will need to be aware of thechanges to the timeframes and keepon top of any applicable deadlines.This includes checking whetherthe respondent has been givenmore time.If you are involved in a dispute resolution processunder the Act, you will need to be aware ofthe changes to the timeframes and keep on topof any applicable deadlinesAbout Simpson GriersonThis article was prepared by Jo-Anne Knight, a Senior Associate ofSimpson Grierson. Jo-Anne specialises in the Construction Contracts Actand construction-related disputes. If you have any questions relating to thisarticle or the Construction Contracts Act, please contract Jo-Anne Knighton (09) 977 5340 or at jo-anne.knight@simpsongrierson.comThe information in this article is intended as a general guide only and isnot intended to be legal advice. Detailed advice should be obtained tocover a specific situation.WHAT’S THAT ALL ABOUT THEN?TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!25) a b c26) a b c27) a b cWhat is NOT a stated aim of amending How might the changes provideWhat would the range of work coveredthe Act?more cost-effective and efficient dispute by the Act extend to include?a) To improve the application of the Act resolution?a) Design, engineering and quantityto everyday situations.a) By clarifying and shortening timeframes. surveying.b) To provide more cost-effective andb) By following Queensbury rules.b) Range work.efficient options for people with disputes. c) By employing more mediators.c) Painting and interior decorating.c) To encourage more customers to takeup disputes with builders.B: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.NB: The questions and answers in this section have been produced by the publisher and do not necessarily reflect views or opinions of the contributing organisation.23

© Copyright 2011 MiTek Holdings, Inc.All rights reserved.PRODUCT NEWSIncreased bond strengthNew trade mortar ideal for laying re-used bricksJust add water – Trade Mortar TX is strong, smoothand easy to useDricon’s new Trade MortarExtra (TX) is designed for useon recycled bricks, schist andstonework where there is inconsistentsurface quality.Endorsed by the industry, TX containsa special additive that gives the mix ahigher than normal bond between brickand mortar. This stronger bond is essentialwhen recycled bricks are to be used;NZS 4210 states that mortar shall not beless than 200kPa for structural compliancewith NZS 3604 and NZS 4229.Normal mortars generally do not providea high-enough bond. Dricon tests showTX contains a specialadditive that gives the mixa higher than normal bondbetween brick and mortarthat the need for job-specific engineeringto confirm compliance should not benecessary with TX; however, a free bondtestingservice is available upon request.For further peace of mind, the requiredstandard 12.5MPa compressive strengthis maintained with TX.Lock in the strengthDon’t let accommodating necessary services weaken your timber!The LUMBERLOK Top Plate Stiffener(TPS) has been developed to retainthe structural strength of timberwall frame top plates, which havebeen drilled to accommodate servicesinto the wall frame cavity.Originally developed for use with internalvacuum systems in mind, the TPS can alsobe used to allow plumbing or other servicesto be installed where access through timbertop plates is desirable and complies withclause 8.7.5 in NZS 3604:2011.When using the TPS in this instance,a maximum hole size of 60mm canbe drilled. The TPS is then fitted to theunderside of the top plate using thespecific screws included. It must befitted adjacent to a timber stud.The U-shape profile of the TPS provides thevertical stiffness lost from drilling the holeand allows both faces of the wall frame tobe unobstructed for lining or other purposes.The TPS is manufactured from Z275galvanised material to satisfy B2 durabilityrequirements (enclosed environment).They are packaged eight per carton andavailable at your local PlaceMakers.TOP PLATE STIFFENERFor internal vacuum systems ductingReinforces the top plate back to FULL STRENGTH!Alternative solution to Figure 8.20 NZS 3604:2011NZ Reg. DesignApp. 408133 © 2006MiTek New Zealand Ltd.The U-shape profile of the TPS provides the vertical stiffness lost from drilling the hole and allows both facesof the wall frame to be unobstructed for lining or other purposes08/201124

SPORT REPORTHurricanes get a kick from lending a handCommunity projects to benefit from second ‘Hurricanes Lend a Helping Hand’ campaignHurricane Andre Taylor sits with children of Rangikura Primary School, winners of the ‘Hurricanes Lend a Helping Hand’ 2012 initiativeWhile the Canes get stuckinto the hunt for the 2013Investec Super Rugby playoffs,off-field they’ve got their eyes fixedon a different goal – helping thelocal community, with support fromPlaceMakers.This is the second year the competitionhas run since being initiated by theWellington-based franchise in 2012; it givesschool groups, charities, fundraisers andother groups the chance to win valuablemanpower to help complete a specialproject – 30-strong manpower, to beprecise, courtesy of the Canes themselves.Whether your kindergarten needs helpwith its garden, or your local communitycentre needs a fence painting, this is thechance to get 30 able-bodied helpersto make it that bit easier. PlaceMakerswill also help out by contributing somematerials to the project.In 2012, the team helped givePorirua’s Rangikura Primary Schoolgoal posts for its rugby field after oneclass wrote to the team asking for help.Senior lock Jason Eaton thinks theHurricanes’ Helping Hand Project is afantastic initiative and is glad it continuingthis year with the assistance of the team’sofficial community partner, PlaceMakers.“Last year we had a brilliant morning atRangikura Primary School. The kids wereso excited to get goal posts and to makethat happen was just as much of a boostfor the team as it was the kids,” he said.“We are really looking forward toseeing the entries this year so we canroll up our sleeves and get to work fora deserving community group.”Only one special project can bepicked, so make yours a winning pitch.For more information on the competitionand for terms and conditions visit www.hurricanes.co.nz/fans/community-eventsMeanwhile, the Hurricanes are puttingin plenty of hard work on the field tomeet the challenge of another toughseason. With 24 players returning from2012 and eight new recruits, includingAll Blacks Ben Franks and young gunArdie Savea, the team is looking tobuild on the foundations set over thelast 12 months and make the play-offs.LBP SKILLS MAINTENANCE, ONE HOUR OF LEARNINGAPRIL 2013IF YOU’VE READ THIS ISSUE OF UNDER CONSTRUCTIONFROM COVER TO COVER, PLEASE CUT OUT THISVOUCHER AND FILE IT TO RECORD YOUR LEARNING25✃

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