Program Book - 27th Fungal Genetics Conference

FULL POSTER SESSION ABSTRACTSThe Epichloë festucae genome contains thirteen known degenerate miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) families that make up almost1% of the genome. Recent sequencing of a range of epichloae and related Clavicipitaceae family genomes revealed that every MITE family was active earlyin the evolution of the epichloid lineage although none are found in other closely related genera. Analysis of MITE integration sites showed that theseelements have a target integration site preference for 5’ genic regions of the E. festucae genome and are particularly enriched within alkaloid gene clustersand within 10-kb of other NRPS and PKS genes. Very few individual insertion sites are apparently shared among different species although one ancestralinsertion - three adjacent EFT-3m/Toru elements in the ergot alkaloid synthesis cluster - has mediated recombination events that in one strain may haveabolished synthesis of this bioprotective alkaloid. Overall these results suggest a potential role for MITEs in the evolution of the epichloae and theirsymbiotic associations with plants.325. Exploring the biomass modifying enzymes of new filamentous fungal isolates from Vietnam, using secretome and transcriptome analyses. GeorgeE Anasontzis 1,3 , Thanh Dang Tat 2 , Thuy Nguyen Thanh 2 , Hang Dinh Thi My 2 , Thanh Vu Nguyen 2 , Lisbeth Olsson 1,3 . 1) Industrial Biotechnology, ChalmersUniversity of Technology, Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden; 2) Department of Microbiology, FIRI - Food Industries Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam;3) Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers, Gothenburg, Sweden.In the bio-based economy concept, the current hydrocarbon fuels and non-biodegradable plastics will be replaced by new products which will derivefrom natural and renewable resources. The synthesis of such biofuels and biochemicals is still challenged by the difficulties to cost efficiently degradelignocellulosic materials to fermentable sugars or to isolate the intact polymers. Biomass degrading and modifying enzymes play an integral role both inthe separation of the polymers from the wood network, as well as in subsequent modifications, prior to further product development. The type ofapplication usually defines the conditions where the reactions should take place. Thus, novel enzymes with variable combined properties, such as differentthermotolerance, pH range of activity, substrate specificity and solvent tolerance, still need to be discovered and developed to achieve the highestpossible efficiency in each occasion. We took advantage of the rapidly evolving and high biodiversity of the tropics and have been screening variousisolates for their cellulases and hemicellulases activities. Promising strains were then cultivated in bioreactors with different carbon sources, such as wheatbran, spruce and avicel and their biomass degrading capacity was analysed through cross species protein identification of their secretome with iTRAQ.Information on the genes involved in the different stages of the fermentation and the carbon source are being acquired with next generation sequencingof the total transcriptome. Interesting transcripts will then be used to heterologously clone and express the respective genes and identify their role in thedegradation process.326. Fusarium Comparative Transcriptomics and Transcriptional Regulatory Network Reconstruction. L. Guo 1 , G. Zhao 2 , X. Zhao 3 , W. Jonkers 4 , L. Gao 2 , J.Xu 3 , C.H. Kistler 4 , L. Ma 1 . 1) Comparative Fungal Genomics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; 2) Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; 3) Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, WestLafayette, IN; 4) USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St Paul, MN.Genus Fusarium contains pathogens that infect hundreds of crop plants as well as humans and thus threatens global food safety and human health. As inother cellular organisms, diseases caused by this group of organisms are dynamically controlled through their transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs).Reconstructing their TRNs will not only help us to comprehend the complexity of their cellular functions, but will also have broad implications for diseasemanagement and prevention. A robust searching algorithm using Bayesian networks model was developed based on nearly 200 gene expression datasetsof F. graminearum. The algorithm infers the relationship between candidate regulators (transcription factors and signaling proteins) and the target genesregulated by them. Preliminary validation of the inferred network using prior biological knowledge proofs the effectiveness of the program. Usingcomparative functional genomics approach, we have analyzed the microarray-based transcriptome data of F. graminearum (PH1), F. verticillioides (7600)and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (4287) in response to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) starvation. In agreement with previous studies, under C and Nstarvation, fungal cells adjust to extreme environments via modulating expression of core orthologous genes to enhance cellular transport of lipid, peptideand carbohydrates but shut down unnecessary energy consumption such as protein synthesis. This analysis helps us to reach the understanding offunctional conservation of the orthologs, judging by their expression under the same biological condition in different species. Even though there is notequal amount of expression data for other Fusarium spp., the conservation of the regulatory modules will enable us to transfer the network knowledgefrom one system to improve the prediction of the other. The comparative functional analysis will also highlight critical pathways that constitute to speciesspecificphenotypes, such as pathogenicity in each species.327. The mycorrhizal genome initiative (MGI): Identification of symbiosis-regulated genes by using RNA-Seq. A. Kohler 1 , E. Tisserant 1 , E. Morin 1 , C.Veneault-Fourrey 1 , S. Abba 2 , F. Buscot 3 , J. Doré 4 , G. Gay 4 , M. Girlanda 2 , S. Herrmann 3 , T. Johansson 5 , U. Lahrmann 6 , E. Martino 2 , S. Perotto 2 , M. Tarrka 3 , A.Tunlid 5 , A. Zuccaro 6 , I. Grigoriev 7 , F. Martin 1 . 1) Lab of Excellence ARBRE, Tree-Microbes Department, INRA-Nancy, Champenoux, France; 2) Dipartimento diScienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino,Torino, Italy; 3) Department Soil Ecology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-HalleLtd., Halle, Germany; 4) Ecologie Microbienne UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1193, Universite Claude-Bernard LYON 1, Villeurbanne, France; 5) MicrobialEcology, Lunds University, Lund, Sweden; 6) Max-Planck Insitute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany; 7) DOE Joint Genome Institute, WalnutCreek, California, USA.Genome and transcriptome analyses of Laccaria bicolor and Tuber melanosporum (Martin et al., 2008, 2010) revealed that the ectomycorrhizal symbiosisprobably developed several times during evolution by generating different ‘symbiosis molecular toolkits’. In L. bicolor a large set of small-secreted proteinsacts as putative effectors but not in T. melanosporum, while the up-regulation of transporter-coding genes seems to be a common feature of bothinteractions. To better understand the evolutionary origin of mycorrhizal symbiosis and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, a largesequencing project of species from different taxa, phylogenetic clades and symbiotic lifestyles (ectomycorrhizae, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizae) wasstarted in 2011 by the Joint Genome Institute and the mycorrhizal genome initiative. To identify and to compare symbiosis-regulated genes large scaleIllumina transcriptome sequencing of mycelium and mycorrhizal roots from Paxillus involutus, Piloderma croceum, Hebeloma cylindrosporum, Sebacinavermifera, Tulasnella calospora and Oidiodendron maius was performed. Small-secreted proteins, transporters, CAZymes but also many lineage specificproteins were among the highly up-regulated transcripts.Martin, F., Aerts, A., Ahrén, D., Brun, A., Duchaussoy, F., Kohler, A., et al. 2008. The genome sequence of the basidiomycete fungus Laccaria bicolorprovides insights inot the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature 452 :88-92Martin, F., Kohler, A., Murat, C., Balestrini, R., Coutinho, P.M., Jaillon, O., Montanini, B., et al. 2010. Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionaryorigins and mechanisms of symbiosis. Nature 464 :1033-1038.328. Transcriptome, secreted enzymes and systematics of the white rot basidiomycete Phlebia radiata. Jaana Kuuskeri 1 , Miia Mäkelä 1 , Kristiina Hildén 1 ,200