FDI Dropsfor Six MonthsBy Yang WeiChart: China’s FDI growth from March 2011 to April 201240%30%32.90%20%18.57%10%0%Mar, 2011 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan, 2012 Feb Mar Apr-10%-20%-12.73%-6.10%Data Source: Ministry of Commerce, PRCThe FDI statistics issued by the Ministry ofCommerce on May 15 show that in Aprilthe paid-in foreign investment in Chinaaccounted for 8.401 billion USD, down by0.74% year-on-year. So far the FDI index has suffereda negative growth for 6 consecutive months.Experts say that the gloomy economies of the Europeancountries and the U.S., increasing costs andslower economic growth of China, and also competitionsfrom other developing counties will exertcontinuing pressures on China’s FDI condition. Itwill be a long trend that the inflow of investment willslow down.According to Ministry of Commerce, 7016foreign-invested companies have been founded fromJanuary to April, down by 13.94% on a year-on-yearbasis; the paid-in foreign investment reaches 37.881billion USD, down by 2.38% year-on-year. As of theend of this April, 745,000 foreign-invested companieshave been approved to establish, with paid-inforeign investment totaling 1.2 trillion USD.Meanwhile, the distribution of foreign investmentin China has been undergoing subtle changes.On the one hand, manufacturers with low profitmargin and higher costs have chosen to exit theChinese market; on the other hand, more and moreforeign companies have established R&D or marketingcenters in China to grab new opportunities in theemerging industries. Special Report of this issue willexplore more on what behind the falling FDI.8
Domestic reasons“Two factors have contributed to the continuousnegative growth of FDI”, said Shen Danyang,spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, at aroutine press conference on May 15. One the onehand, the growth of the world economy has becomesluggish, exerting heavy impacts on the global FDI.According to a report issued by the trade and developmentcouncil of the UN, the scale of Greenfieldinvestment and transnational M&A have becomedropped during the first quarter this year, loweringglobal expectations about the FDI prospects. On theother hand, the U.S. and European countries haveencouraged the return of industries and some developingcountries have adopted more favorable investmentinviting policies, increasing the FDI competitions.If we explore further by industry, the manufacturingindustry in absorbing FDI in April experiencedthe largest drop, down by 4.4%, according toMinistry of Commerce. Also, the FDI of service industryand agricultural, forest, husbandry and fishingindustry have dropped by 3.1% and 0.9% respectively.If we look at the data by region, the FDI of China’swest region and east region have dropped by 15.2%and 2.5% respectively.To compound the situation, the rising of factorcosts of China have weakened its advantages inoperational costs. Bai Ming, deputy director of theinternational market research department of theMinistry of Commerce, said that “besides the Europeandebt crisis and other negative external factors,the Chinese economic adjustment has also loweredthe investment willingness.” According to up-to-datedata provided by the National Bureau of Statistics,the PPI (Producer Price Index) has dropped by0.7% on a year-on-year basis, showing the economicslump to the bottom.Also, the structure and quality of FDI, ratherthan its pure scale, have been given more and moreattention. “In many regions it is not about invitingforeign investment, but selecting the right investment,which may also impact the scale of foreigninvestments,” Shen said.Li Zhongzhou, a WTO expert, remarked thatbesides the above-mentioned reasons, the controland management of domestic real estate market haveconstitute another important reason for the shrinkingFDI. Data shows that the real estate industry hasaccounted for 25% in terms of paid-in foreign investment,while the control of the real estate market haslowered the paid-investment of real estate market forthe first quarter by 6.3%.Teng Tai, chief economist of Minsheng Securities,said that the quality has replaced scale as themost calculated factor in attracting FDI. The Chinesepeople have paid more attention to the productionand management technology when inviting theforeign investment, while some foreign companiesare unwilling to see the technological transfer, whichwill lower the amount of investment. Also, the competitiveadvantage in labor costs, less favorable FDIpolicies, and a more intense focus on environmentalprotection in China have pushed the adjustment offoreign investment structure, during which the FDIscale will naturally.External reasonsAccording to Xinhuanet.com, the re-Why FDI Falling Down?By Alice Yang9