Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
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againsthumanandmaterialtargetscarriedoutbyanyindividual,subnationalgroup,transnationalorganization,orstatetoachieveapoliticalobjectiveinpursuitofitsperceivedself‐interests”(Dekmejian,20).Politicalmotives,violenceorthethreatofviolence,theignitionoffearininnocentbystandersandactsbeingdirectedataparticularaudienceareallcrucialcomponentsofTerrorism (Combs,10).SeveralIndianscholarshavealsoaddedtothedefinitionofterrorism.InthebookTerrorism in India, theeditorS.C.Tiwaridescribesterrorismas“generallyrecognizedasaspecialmethodofstruggletoobtainspecificpoliticalresultsandthatthereareatleastfivemajorparticipantsintheprocessofterror:‐(a)theperpetratorsofviolence;(b)theimmediatevictims;(c)thewidertargetgrouporsocietywhichtheterroristsseektointimidate;(d)‘theneutral’bystanderswithinthesocietyexperiencingterrorism;and(e)theinternationalpublicopinion,insofarasitisawareoftheseevents”(Tiwari,xi).Hespecificallygoesontomentionthatforanacttobelabeledterroristthereneedstobeaspecificthreatofviolenceandthreattoothers.Therulesofwardonotapplytotheact,andtheactmustbedonepublicallyinordertogainpublicity.Inotherwordsitmustbeapartofspecificstrategyinordertogainattentionfromagreateraudience(Tiwari,xi).AnothercontributerinTiwari’sbookisP.D.Sharmawhowritesthatallterrorists“Allterroristsprimarilyaimtoarousethemassofthepeopletoarealizationthatconstitutedauthorityisnolongersafelyentrenchedorunchallenged.Theactsmaybeconceivedasanadvancenoticeofwhatmaybeexpectedfrommassaction.Deathanddestructiontothemarenot‘merethreats’,butapartofprogrammeofaction(Sharma,50).Theybelievethateventuallyotherswilljointhemintheirobjectives.13
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