Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University

power,wellestablishedborders,arelativemoral,mentalandculturalunityofitsinhabitantswhoconsciouslyadheretothestateanditslaws”.Underthenation,subnationalidentitiesaredismissed.Pakistanontheotherhand,hasreliedheavilyonethnicityasasourceofderivedidentity.Therefore,“Pakistanappearstobeanunachievednationpreciselybecauseofthepersistenceofethnicidentities,whichmayevenbedescribedas‘nationalities’.The‘two‐nationtheory’gavethecountryanationalist ideology‐ithasevenbeendescribedasan‘ideologicalstate‐whichhasbeenformulatedagainst India,the‘othernation’.ButitdidnotendowPakistanwiththesociologicalqualitiesofanation”(Jaffrelot,7‐8).Eventhecommonalityofreligion,hascreatedtensionanderuptionsoffightingbetweenSunniandShiasMuslims(Jaffrelot,8).Nationalismagainsttheothernation,India,seemstohavehobbledtheformulationofanationalidentityinsteadofcreatingthenation,whichtheyhaddreamedof.MuhammedAliJinnah,thecreatoroftheideaofPakistanontheIndianSubcontinentanditsfirstleader,“wantedtobuildastrongstaterelyingonthethreefoldprinciple‘onenation,oneculture,onelanguage’”(Jaffrelot,8).HebelievedthatPakistanwastheonlywaytokeepsafeMuslimwelfareandinterests.HebelievedthatMusliminterestscouldnotcompetewiththenewlyemergingIndianstate.Histhreefoldprinciplewashisideal,comingfromtheMuslimprovincesofRaj,wherehefacedsocialdeclineandwasaminoritywithintheregion.Infact,theUnitedProvinces’MuslimleadershadbeenpreparingforthePakistanistateaftertheBritishpoliciesimplementedfollowingthe1857‘Revolt’.PropertieswereconfiscatedandtheMuslimelitewerediscriminatedagainstbygovernmental28