Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
Final Draft Thesis Paper.pdf - Brandeis University
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KashmiriMuslimgroupsHarakat Al AnsarcontinuedtodetonateterroristattacksinIndia’smajorcities,includingNewDelhi(Laquer,151).ProblemsinKashmirbegantogrowduringthe1980s,duetoconflictwiththecentralgovernmentinNewDelhiandlocalpoliticswithinKashmir.In1987,theUnitedMuslimFront,apoliticalpart,losttheelectionanditswakesparkeddebateonwhethertheelectionhadbeentamperedwith.Asaresultviolenceeruptedthefollowingyear:“InJuly1988,theJammuandKashmirLiberationFront(JKLF)bombedtwositesinSrinagar,followedbykidnappingsinexchangeformilitantsheldinIndianJails”(Dekmejian,114).ThisterrorismwassponsoredbyPakistan.Inthe1980s,KashmirwasjustaseparatistgroupwithinIndia.Inthe1990s,theseparatistgrouptookonaradicalIslamistface(Dekmejian,108).Pakistan,aweakerandsmallercountrythanIndia,cameupwithseveralstrategiesinordertoconfrontitsenemyinordertoannexIndian‐controlledKashmir.ItfirstlycreatedseveralimportantmilitaryallianceswiththeUnitedStatesandChina.ThisallowedPakistanprotectionfromtheUnitedStatesandaid.FromChinaitwasabletogainnuclearcapabilities.Next,PakistanadoptedaradicalIslamistideologyandidentity.Infact,“Pakistanidecision‐makers,sensinganIndianwindowofvulnerabilityinKashmir,havesoughttoexploitanotionofMuslimconfraternitytosupporttheinsurgents.Ontheotherhand,IslamhasalsobeenusedasavehicletomobilizeadisaffectedpopulationandchallengethewritoftheIndianStateinKashmir”(Ganguly,179).ThisenabledPakistantomobilizeitscitizensalongwiththeMuslimsinKashmirtocarryoutholywarinIndia,creatingseveral42
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