jari at age 19 - Philip M. Fearnside - Inpa

More documents

Recommendations

Info

to improve the mix so that stronger celluloseis produced.An additional supplementto wood supply comes from uplandforest management experiments beingconducted at Jari by the Brazilian Enterprisefor Agriculture and CattleRanching Research (EMBRAPA). A selectivefelling experiment has established 48plots of 0.25 ha each at J ari (12 ha total).However, much larger areas aremanaged for other purposes under theJari/EMBRAPA agreement: 400 ha weredesignated in 1981 for firewood management;a 400-ha pulp-management areawas established in 1981, and a 400-hamixed-management area was establishedin 1982. In 1985 the first measurementswere made in the management areas andin a 300-ha control plot in uncut nativeforest. An additional 933 ha of forestis directed to cellulose productionthrough selective felling, with measurementparcels established within the tract.The EMBRAPA selectivefelling experiments provide a significantsupplement of wood for the pulp milland power plant without the expenses ofeither planting silvicultural species incleared areas or replacing the harvestedtrees in the forest areas. In Novemberand December 1985, for example, 500 hawere selectively harvested among thethree treatments, yielding 18,000 m 3 ofwood. The harvesting scheme results in amaximum amount of wood being cut:of the 500 ha, 404 ha ( 81 % ) were cutat the highest level of intensity (removalof 35% of the average 166 m 3 /ha total,or an average of 61 m 3 I ha). The experimentitself was limited to 3 blocks of48 ha each (144 ha total), with harvestingintensities of 15, 25 and 35%. All ofthe remainder of the 500-ha tract washarvested at the highest (35%) intensitylevel. EMBRAP A has also experimentedwith clearfelling: an area was cut in thedry season of 1985, logs were removedand branches left on the site, which wasnot burned. A secondary forest regrowingon the site is to be monitored toassess the utility of the species.Since over 90% of Jari'supland forests are still intact, theseforests are a major potential resource forthe company. A tree species survey isunderway beginning with areas that aretopographically appropriat~ for futureplantations. Jari maps indicate roads tothree plateaus where no plantations havebeen installed. Forest inventories arebeing done on all such plateaus. ByApril 1986 Jari's research departmenthad surveyed 4416 ha of forest in strips50JARI 1 SPLANTATIONS0 40 70+-080060 J:+- ...,'+- 30 50 0~0~ 4020 0Cll30 ....0
TABLE VIPROJECTED WOOD AVAILABILITY AT JARIEucalyptusYear Gmelina camaldureadyItem to (from seed & Pinus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus lensis & Native Experi-harvest coppices) caribaea deglupta urophylla urograndis pellita species mental TotalArea 1986 1,197 1,393 9,664 166 0(ha) 1987 6,998 4,595 4,807 2,757 01988 3,105 4,824 0 7,392 1421989 5,927 732 0 3,127 849Wood from 1986 55,119 74,534 601,409 9,728 0plantations 1987 265,924 96,495 281,210 161,560 0(m tons) 1988 117,990 227,934 0 433,171 8,3211989 225,226 34,587 0 183,242 49,751Wood from 1986 2,901 0 400,940 2,431 0native 1987 13,996 0 187,479 40,390 0forest 1988 6,210 0 0 108,292 2,080(m tons) 1989 11,854 0 0 45,810 12,438Total 1986 58,020 74,534 1,002,349 12,159 0pulpwood 1987 279,920 96,495 468,689 201,950 0(m tons) 1988 124,200 227,934 0 541,464 10,4011989 237,080 34,587 0 229,053 69,1892 0 146 12,56864 27 49 19,2970 130 19 15,6120 0 63 10,698117 0 27,115 767,9273,750 1,582 6,461 937,6010 7,618 2,505 797,5400 0 8,306 501,11329 0 6,754 413,075938 396 1,615 244,8160 1,904 626 119,1140 0 2,076 72,179146 0 33,768 1,180,9974,688 1,978 8,076 1,182,4170 9,522 3,131 916,6530 0 10,383 572,292shortfallproductionor quantity as percentsurplus (m tons) of need (a)Wood 1986 surplus: 40,247 104%availabiliy 1987 surplus: 41,667 104%1988 shortfall: 224,097 80%1989 shortfall: 567,458 50%(a) Mill need = 1,140,750 metric tons dry weight of pulpwood chips per year,bring water to the paddies from theAmazon River. Previous experiments hadshown the advantages of using this nutrient-richwater source instead of thepresent water from the Ariaolos River.Rice production cost perton is US$205 (direct costs only), plusUS$133 per ton in indirect costs (administration,etc.), giving a total productioncost of US$338/m ton. The pricereceived in Belem is US$350/ m ton, butthe additional expenses of freight toBelem, taxes and comissions reduce thenet amount received by J ari to US$305/m ton. The loss of US$33/m tonimplies a financial drain of US$990,000for the 30,000 m tons of rice producedin 1985.All of the rice is soldwithin Brazil, at prices frozen under thecountry's "Plano Cruzado" economicpackage. Since international rice pricesare higher than domestic prices, thecompany has lost money due to the requirementto sell the rice productiondomestically. Pulp prices, by contrast,are relatively low on the internationalmarketplace, giving J ari an advantage onthe portion of the pulp production soldwithin Brazil.The research activitiesat the rice plantation are now carried outunder a cooperative agreement withEMBRAPA. This is an essential element inassuring the ability of the operation tocounter new biological problems in thefuture. Research at the rice project hadbeen discontinued completely in the finaltwo years of Ludwig's tenure.Kaolin mmmg: Jari'skaolin (china-clay) mine has increasedits output by expanding the number ofsettling ponds for separating the kaolinfrom the slurry that is piped from theminesite at Felipe (Amapa) to the processingplant at Munguba (Para). Themining company (CAD AM) has increasedthe pace of digging into Jari's open-pitmine and modified the procedures used atthe processing plant in order to recovera higher percentage of the material.Sawmill: J ari's sawmillcontinues to saw lumber from the valuabletree species encountered as land iscleared for plantations. The sawmill remainsa relatively minor part of the enterprise.Water Buffalo: The herdof 6800 water buffalo at Jari in 1983increased to 9300 by 1986, spread over50,000 of the 70,000 ha of natural floodedgrasslands at Jari. Jari plans totriple the buffalo herd to 30,000 head,which would occupy all of Jari's floodedgrassland area with the exception of thepart planned for expansion of the riceproject. Water buffalo will occupy theentire length of the Amazon Riverfrontage of J ari, from the mouth of theParu River to the mouth of the CajariRiver, in addition to the estate's islandsin the Amazon River (see Figure 1).The water buffalo raisingscheme includes a milk and cheeseproduction program established in late1984, which is currently producing 1000liters of milk per day (including butterand cheese). The cheese-making facilitieshave been moved to the Camanduiisland in the Amazon river. The newsystem has a decentralized network of20JAN- FEB 1988, VOL. 13 Nil 1 IR7fR[IfRWI
Page 1 and 2: INI'ERCIEN::IA 13 (.1) : 12-24 (.19
Page 3 and 4: TABLE IPLANTATION AREAS AT 1ARI lal
Page 5 and 6: B) Experimental Plantation SpeciesJ
Page 7: Although the plantationswere begun
Page 11: enough wood to supply its pulp mill

jari at age 19 - Philip M. Fearnside - Inpa

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?