History of British animals - University of Guam Marine Laboratory

•Phallusia. MOLLUSCA. TUNICATA. 469tubular, with divided margins, and intermediate scarlet spots ; the anal orificeis a little below, with six spots, the upper branchial one with eight—Itis not uncommon in the Zetland seas.Gen. CXLVIII. PHALLUSIA.—Branchial sac extendingred.beyond the viscera into a pouch of the tunic ; stomach restingon the viscera.590. P. mentida.— Oval, compressed, hairy,the inner tunicAscidia ment. Mull. Zool. Don. t. viii. f. 1-4. Mont. Test. Brit. 542.Stewart's Elem. i. 391—Adheres to rocks.Length 2 or 3 inches ; brown ;rough, often with adhering fragments ofcorals and shells ; apertures distant, reddish.591. P. rustica.— Subcylindrical, rough, the apertures approximate.Ascidia rust. Linn. Syst.i. 1087- Mull. Zool. Dan. t. xv. f. 1-5. Stew,art's El. i. 391 Adheres to stones, shells, and fuci.Length about two inches outer tunic ; yellowish ; rough and obtuse whenold, red and hemispherical when young, whitish inside ;inner tunic reddish.Gen. CXLIX. POLYZONA.— Body polymorphous, withmany systems arranged subcircularly.592. P. variolosa.—" Crustaceous and leathery, with scatteredpapillae,and two subdentated mouths.'"Alcyonium ascidioides, Stew-art's El. ii. 432. Turt. Brit. Fauna, 208—Adhering to the fucus palmatus on the coast of Cornwall.This species, which was first observed by Gaertner, and communicated byhim to Pallas (Spicil. Zool. fasc. x. t. iv. f. 7-) is thus described byits discoverer": Crusta, coriacea, tenax, crassiuscula, subtus plana, supra verruciscrebris, variaeque magnitudinis conspersa, coloris vel dilute rubicundi vel excroceo albicantis. Verrucae seu tubercula maximam partem ovalia et excroceo rubra sunt :singulum autem duplici perforatum est orificio minimococcineo, quod turgidulus margo ejusdem coloris atque sex distinctus radiis,quasi in tot discessus fuerit dentes, cingit."— Sav. Mem. 38.Gen. CL. SYDNEUM.— Body inverselyconical ;anal orificesimple and tubular.593. S. turbinatum.— Pale red, gelatinous, and transparent.Sav. Mem. 238—On rocks.Length about half an inch above the common base, which spreads on therocks ; narrow below, and gradually becoming thicker towards the top, thesummit of which is slightly concave ; mouths prominent, freckled with yellow,with short blunt conical tentacula ; stomach surrounded with glands ;