Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training ...

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2 Supplementary Appendix A Table 2: Trainees under VSTP, by Type of Program Total 2006 2007 2008 Total % Female Total % Female Total % Female Total % Female Commune-based 13,902 50 45,012 56 45,173 61 104,087 58 Enterprise-based 119 33 644 40 680 5 1,442 23 Center-based 276 29 987 37 979 33 2,262 34 Total 14,297 49 46,643 56 46,832 61 107,772 57 7. The data indicate that: � Significantly more women than men participated in the VSTP pilot overall (57%:43%), and in all years except the start-up year � Almost all of the training (98%) was commune-based � Women dominated im the commune-based training, but men dominated in the enterprise-based and center-based training—the longer and more structured training. 8. It is presumed that the preference of trainees, overall, for commune-based training was because it requires little capital and can increase income considerably after a short period. However, as trainees earn more and use some of this extra income for education and training, it is anticipated that the demand for other skills will grow and the demand for enterprise and center-based training will increase. 9. The poor participation of women in enterprise and center-based training was probably because these modes of training required trainees to live away from home and away from family domestic responsibilities. Families generally are concerned about the safety of women living away from their families, in this instance with a small business owner or in a dormitory. B. Evaluation Strategies 10. Two questionnaire surveys, the Commune Survey and the PTC Survey, were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the VSTP, its impact on the life of the participants, especially in terms of poverty alleviation and the impact of the program on the PTCs. 11. The Commune Survey, conducted on two occasions during 2008 and involving a sample of 4,676 trainees, was used to identify gaps in the VSTP and to clarify issues to support improvement in the program’s operation. 12. The PTC Survey, completed during 2008 by the Directors and implementation staff of the seven participating PTCs, was designed to ascertain the effectiveness of the PTCs in delivering community responsive TVET and to collect general data on the effectiveness of the VSTP.
C. Findings Supplementary Appendix A 1 13. The responses to the Commune Surveys showed the following employment rates for trainees1 i : � three months after training: Commune-based training 65% Enterprise-based training 72% Center-based training 62% � six months after training: Commune-based training 77% Enterprise-based training 76% Center-based training 77%. 14. An important anticipated outcome of the program was improved family income. Data collected showed the following changes in weighted average family income for program participants: Before training Riel 95,820 ($24.70) per month Three months after training Riel 151,192 ($37.80) per month Six months after training Riel 195,950 ($49.00) per month. � a 53% improvement in average family income three months after training compared with average income before training � a 98% improvement in average family income six months after training compared with income before training. 15. Other important findings from the Commune Survey included: � The requirement that trainees wishing to participate in commune-based training must have land meant that many of the trainees were senior persons in large households rather than out-of-work youth, who were initially the primary target of the VSTP. However, as with other similar projects, heads of households participating in the program ensured that the entire family and even the entire village shared in the benefits of the training. � Some training courses were considered to be too short and very basic, with no provision for advanced levels. Some were offered during the planting season which meant that many trainees were unable to continue their participation. Training was often very theoretical as there was a lack of basic materials, such as seeds and fertilizer. Sometimes it tended to be only practical because the trainers lacked understanding of the theoretical context � Most of the trainees were not able to start applying their learning at the conclusion of the program because of their inability to raise capital, despite its apparent local availability. 1 The interpretation of this data is limited because no baseline study was undertaken on selected participants. A baseline study of participants should be undertaken for the expanded VSTP, within the first three months of implementation.
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