Mould growth on building materials - Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut

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Spore Reproductive structure of fungi/moulds and certain bacteria ST Sterigmatocystin 5ST 5-methoxysterigmatocystin T-2 T-2 toxin, a type a trichothecene TA Type A trichothecene TB Type B trichothecene TFA Trifluoroacetic acid TLC Thin layer chromatography TMS Trimethylsilyl, derivative group, -Si(CH3)3 TNFα Tumor necrosis factor α, a cytokine TR Trichothecene V8 V8 juice agar VB Verrucarin B, a macrocyclic trichothecene VJ Verrucarin J, a macrocyclic trichothecene Water-damaged Floating water present, aw ≈ 1 WP Wallpaper YES Yeast extract sucrose agar Page xi
PAPERS PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS THESIS 1. Nielsen KF, Hansen MØ, Larsen TO, Thrane U. 1998. Production of trichothecene mycotoxins on water damaged gypsum boards in Danish buildings. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 42:1-7. 2. Nielsen KF, Thrane U, Larsen TO, Nielsen PA, Gravesen S. 1998. Production of mycotoxins on artificially inoculated building materials. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 42:8-17. 3. Nielsen, KF, Gravesen S, Nielsen PA, Andersen B, Thrane, Frisvad JC. 1999. Production of mycotoxins on artificially and naturally infested building materials. Mycopathologia 145:43-56. 4. Gravesen S, Nielsen PA, Iversen R, Nielsen KF. 1999. Microfungal contamination of damp buildings - examples of risk constructions and risk materials. Environmental Health Perspectives 107, Supplement 3:505-508. 5. Nielsen, KF, Madsen JØ. 2000. Determination of ergosterol on mouldy building materials using isotope dilution and gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 898: 227-234. 6. Andersen B, Nielsen, KF, Jarvis BB. Characterization of Stachybotrys from waterdamaged buildings based on morphology, <strong>growth</strong> and metabolite production. Mycologia (Accepted for publication). 7. Peltola J, Niessen L, Nielsen KF, Jarvis BB, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Möller E. Genetic diversity of Stachybotrys chartarum and relatedness to toxicity (submitted). 8. Nielsen KF, Huttunen K, Andersen B, Jarvis BB, Hyvärinen A, Hirvonen M-R. Relationship between metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys isolates from water-damaged buildings and their induction of inflammatory mediators and cytotoxicity in macrophages (submitted). 9. Nielsen KF, Huttunen K, Andersen B, Jarvis BB, Hyvärinen A, Hirvonen M-R. 2002. Relationship between metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys isolates from water-damaged buildings and their induction of inflammatory mediators and cytotoxicity in macrophages. Mycopathologia (in press). 10. Nielsen, KF, Nielsen PA, Holm G, Uttrup LP. <strong>Mould</strong> <strong>growth</strong> and metabolism on building materials under different humidities and temperatures (Submitted). 11. Wilkins KC, Nielsen KF, Din SL. 2002. Patterns of volatile metabolites and trichothecenes produced by Stachybotrys and other trichothecene producing molds. Environmental Science & Pollution Research (in press). 12. Reelsev M, Miller M, Nielsen, KF. Quantifying mold biomass on building materials: A comparison of ergosterol and MycoMeter-test (submitted). 13. van der Wel GK, Nielsen KF, Adan O. <strong>Mould</strong> <strong>growth</strong> and metabolism on building materials under constant and transient humidities. (in prep, crude draft) Page xii
Page 1 and 2: Ph.D. thesis Mould
Page 3 and 4: Title Mould <stron
Page 5 and 6: 4.3 Growth and metabolite productio
Page 7 and 8: Mould grow
Page 9 and 10: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was
Page 11: ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS Aflatoxin B
Page 16 and 17: 1 INTRODUCTION During the last 10 y
Page 18 and 19: 2 MOULDS IN BUILDINGS Viable mould
Page 20 and 21: of Penicillium and Aspergillus vers
Page 22 and 23: 2.2.1.1 Humidity - some definitions
Page 24 and 25: current PC programs which can model
Page 26 and 27: the scope of this work, and only ca
Page 28 and 29: It should be considered that on nat
Page 30 and 31: Europe produced MTR. This is signif
Page 32 and 33: een Japanese patents and patent app
Page 34 and 35: 2.4.2.2 A. ustus Aspergillus ustus
Page 36 and 37: 2.4.3.2 P. brevicompactum Penicilli
Page 38 and 39: and the altertoxins are about 1000
Page 40 and 41: Erg is partially bound as different
Page 42 and 43: ionisation (APCI) have greatly expa
Page 44 and 45: genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Al
Page 46 and 47: 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The reason
Page 48 and 49: inorganic concrete materials partly
Page 50 and 51: guish A. versicolor, often seen as
Page 52 and 53: These findings are in accordance wi
Page 54 and 55: To study the ratio between trichode
Page 56 and 57: When growing on PSA agar, S. charta
Page 58 and 59: These quantities correspond to abou
Page 60 and 61: Two different growth</stron
Page 62 and 63:
mAU 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 mAU 1
Page 64 and 65:
4.3.2.4 A. flavus In paper 10, A. f
Page 66 and 67:
4.3.3.3 P. polonicum Only two indoo
Page 68 and 69:
4.3.7 Chaetomium globosum Being an
Page 70 and 71:
4.3.11 Eurotium In study 10, Euroti
Page 72 and 73:
makes screening impossible, as it p
Page 74 and 75:
5°C. Pure mineral based materials
Page 76 and 77:
REFERENCES 1. Platt,SD, Martin,CJ,
Page 78 and 79:
44. Jarvis,BB, Sorenson,WG, Hintikk
Page 80 and 81:
87. Nevalainen,A, Pasanen,A-L, Niin
Page 82 and 83:
135. Jakubowski,J. 1971. The prewea
Page 84 and 85:
176. Ueno,Y. 1985. Toxicology of My
Page 86 and 87:
223. Kaneto,R, Dobashi,K, Kojima,I,
Page 88 and 89:
264. Land,CJ, Hult,K , Fuchs,R, Hag
Page 90 and 91:
307. Shier,WT, Abbas,H, Mirocha,CJ.
Page 92 and 93:
353. D'agostino,PA, Provost,LR, Dro
Page 94 and 95:
392. Hack,R, Märtlbauer,E, Terplan
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APPENDIX A Conference proceedings a
Page 98 and 99:
Table 2 Non-trichothecene secondary
Page 100 and 101:
Table 3 Secondary metabolites and m
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Table 10 Secondary metabolites and
Page 110 and 111:
Table 14 Secondary metabolites and
Page 112 and 113:
Reference List 1. Anonymous1991. At
Page 114 and 115:
69. Hamaski, T, Hatsuda, Y, Terashi
Page 116 and 117:
137. Ghosal, S, Biswas, K, Chakraba
Page 118 and 119:
205. Castillo, M-A, Moya, P, Couill
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269. Brückner, H, König, WA, Grei
Page 122:
Mould grow
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