Mould growth on building materials - Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut

Table of Contents
Preface _________________________________________________________________ v
Author's preface ________________________________________________________ vii
Abstract _______________________________________________________________ viii
Resume_________________________________________________________________ ix
Abbreviations and terms___________________________________________________ x
Papers prepared in connection with this thesis_______________________________ xii
1 Introduction _________________________________________________________ 1
2 <strong>Mould</strong>s in buildings ___________________________________________________ 3
2.1.1 The building associated funga _____________________________________________ 3
2.2 Growth of moulds on building materials ________________________________ 5
2.2.1 "Water - the key factor" 11 _________________________________________________ 5
2.2.2 The impact of the material on the mould <strong>growth</strong> _______________________________ 8
2.2.3 Modelling mould <strong>growth</strong> on materials ________________________________________ 8
2.3 Health problems associated with airborne moulds _______________________ 9
2.3.1 In vivo and in vitro effect of fungal spores ____________________________________ 9
2.3.2 Epidemiologically studies ________________________________________________ 10
2.4 Biologically active metabolites from moulds ___________________________ 12
2.4.1 Stachybotrys __________________________________________________________ 13
2.4.2 Aspergillus ___________________________________________________________ 17
2.4.3 Penicillium____________________________________________________________ 20
2.4.4 Trichoderma __________________________________________________________ 22
2.4.5 Memnoniella __________________________________________________________ 22
2.4.6 Alternaria ____________________________________________________________ 22
2.4.7 Chaetomium __________________________________________________________ 23
2.4.8 Cladosporium _________________________________________________________ 23
2.4.9 Ulocladium ___________________________________________________________ 23
2.4.10 Paecilomyces _________________________________________________________ 24
2.5 Biomarkers of mould <strong>growth</strong> ________________________________________ 24
2.5.1 Ergosterol ____________________________________________________________ 24
2.6 Detection of fungal metabolites ______________________________________ 25
2.6.1 Chromatographic methods for detection of mycotoxins _________________________ 25
2.6.2 Sample preparation ____________________________________________________ 28
2.6.3 Detection of mycotoxins in air and settled dust _______________________________ 28
3 Overview of experimental work ________________________________________ 30
4 Results and discussion_______________________________________________ 31
4.1 The building associated funga _______________________________________ 31
4.1.1 Penicillium and Aspergillus cultures received from Finland ______________________ 31
4.2 Fungal <strong>growth</strong> on materials _________________________________________ 32
4.2.1 Methods for testing the susceptibility of materials _____________________________ 33
4.2.2 Growth assesment _____________________________________________________ 34
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