Measurement Science Roadmap for Net-Zero Energy Buildings

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in achieving this goal. Studies have found that, by using currently availabletechnologies, it is possible to reduce a building’s energy consumption by 30 % to 50% (Anderson et al. 2006; Griffith et al. 2007; Levine et al. 2007; USGBC 2007).Existing technologies by themselves, however, will not be adequate to achievedramatic energy reduction goals for the buildings sector.Buildings are complex systems with many interacting elements. Pastimprovements in the energy performance of integrated and interacting materials,components, and systems within buildings have not produced the expectedreductions in overall energy use. An integrated portfolio of advanced technologiesis needed that not only supports performance improvements in the design andmanufacturing of individual components, but also captures the systemcomplexities and interactions seen in real buildings. Additional reductions offrom 20 % to 40 % can be realized by using advanced technologies integratedholistically with the building design (Griffith et al. 2007). Additional energyrequirements, after current and advanced energy saving technologies are in place,must be met through the use of renewable energy systems.The environment in which technologies are deployed must be addressed as well.Challenges include a complex industry and regulatory structure, imperfectinformation, high first costs, technical and market risks, and lack of a trained andexperienced workforce. Technology advances, combined with new policies thataddress or eliminate some of these challenges, will be needed to achieve dramaticimprovements in building energy efficiency.B. Scope and ObjectivesIn 2008, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) issued the FederalResearch and Development Agenda for Net-Zero Energy, High-Performance GreenBuildings (NSTC 2008). This landmark report lays out goals for achieving dramaticimprovements in building performance and sustainability. Advances inmeasurement science are cited by the NSTC report as being critical to achievingthe future promise of net-zero energy buildings.In response to the NSTC report and the need to ensure that measurement sciencekeeps pace with the needed technology innovations, the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST) sponsored the Measurement Science for Net-ZeroEnergy Buildings Workshop on October 29, 2009 in Gaithersburg, Maryland.Experts from industry, government, national laboratories, and academia (AppendixB) came together to provide insights on the characteristics of the future builtenvironment, the critical technologies and system approaches that would beneeded, and the technical challenges and measurement issues related to net-zeroenergy buildings. Five technical topics were explored, covering both existing andnew buildings:• Onsite Energy Production⎯Stand-alone and building-integrated alternativeenergy systems• Intelligent Buildings⎯Integrated, intelligent measurement and controltechnologies to improve building environment and functionality• Whole Building Integrated Energy Performance⎯Assessment and projectionof whole building energy performance2 Measurement Science for Net-Zero Energy Buildings
• Building Envelope Energy Reduction⎯Design, construction, and inspectionmethods for building envelopes, and• Building Equipment Energy Reduction⎯Advanced and optimized buildingsystem components and equipment such as heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC), water heating, lighting, and othersA wide spectrum of measurement science was covered in eachtopical area (see Figure 2), many of which are critical toachieving net-zero energy buildings. For example, technicalguidelines and methods of test form the basis for standards,codes, and best practices. Reference materials, data,measurement methods, and other tools enable thedevelopment and validation of the performance of newtechnologies.Workshop Process and ResultsParticipants were asked to provide input on thecharacteristics of the future built environment; criticaltechnologies needed to enable net-zero energy buildings;broad technical and non-technical challenges to technologydevelopment and implementation; and critical measurementbarriers. To determine priorities for measurement science,participants were given five votes and asked to assign theseFigure 2. Measurement Science IsBroadly Defined to Include:votes to the measurement barriers they considered to be most important in termsof meeting future goals for net-zero energy buildings. Those barriers receiving themost votes then formed the foundation for detailed measurement priorities in eachtopical area.The remainder of this report summarizes the results of the workshop and providesa perspective on measurement science challenges in both the near and long term.Each chapter provides the set of priority measurement topics that emerged as themost important challenges in moving toward net-zero energy buildings.‣ Reference Data‣ Reference Materials‣ Measurement Methods‣ Methods of Test‣ Test beds‣ Predictive Tools‣ Performance Metrics‣ Comparison Studies‣ Assessment of Technologies‣ Information Models‣ Protocols‣ Technical GuidelinesThe report will serve to guide NIST in pursuing a portfolio of programs that arefocused on providing the measurement science needed to enable net-zero energybuildings. It can also be used by both the public and private sectors to guide policy,R&D, and other decision making relevant to this important area.Measurement Science for Net-Zero Energy Buildings 3
Page 1: NIST Technical Note 1660Measurement
Page 4 and 5: Certain commercial entities, equipm
Page 7 and 8: PREFACEThis report summarizes the r
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBuildings account
Page 11: I. INTRODUCTIONA. Background and Im
Page 15 and 16: advances in technology and knowledg
Page 17 and 18: Table III‐1. Onsite Energy Produc
Page 19 and 20: needs to be resolved for urban buil
Page 21 and 22: Table III‐2. Onsite Energy Genera
Page 23 and 24: Exhibit III.1. On-Site Energy Produ
Page 33 and 34: IV. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGSIntelligen
Page 35 and 36: Near Term: Systems that provide inf
Page 37 and 38: Table IV‐2. Intelligent Buildings
Page 39 and 40: E. Priorities for Measurement Scien
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit IV.2. Intelligent Buildings
Page 47 and 48: B. Critical TechnologiesA wide vari
Page 49 and 50: difficult to efficiently integrate
Page 51 and 52: Sensors (continued)LowerPriorityBui
Page 53 and 54: Exhibit V.1. Whole Buildings Measur
Page 59 and 60: VI. BUILDING ENVELOPEBuilding energ
Page 61 and 62: Long Term: Energy efficiency rating
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Sensors (continued)LowerPriorityBui
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Exhibit VI.1. Building Envelope Mea
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B. Critical TechnologiesMore energy
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optimize and recalibrate when neces
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Table VII‐2. Building Equipment -
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Exhibit VII.1. Building Equipment M
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Exhibit VII.3. Building Equipment M
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APPENDICESMeasurement Science for N
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Whole BuildingsBill Bahnfleth Penns
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APPENDIX C: ACRONYMSANSI:ASHRAE:AST
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Measurement Science Roadmap for Net-Zero Energy Buildings

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