Measurement Science Roadmap for Net-Zero Energy Buildings

More documents

Recommendations

Info

TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface ....................................................................................................... iExecutive Summary ................................................................................ iiiI. Introduction ..................................................................................... 1A. Background and Importance of Net-Zero Energy Buildings .. 1B. Scope and Objectives ................................................................ 2II. Broad Challenges for Net-Zero Energy Buildings ......................... 4III. Onsite Energy Production ............................................................... 6A. Characteristics of the Future Built Environment .................. 6B. Critical Technologies ................................................................ 7C. Broad Challenges ...................................................................... 8D. Measurement Barriers ........................................................... 10E. Priorities for Measurement Science ....................................... 11IV. Intelligent Buildings ...................................................................... 23A. Characteristics of the Future Built Environment ................ 23B. Critical Technologies .............................................................. 24C. Broad Challenges .................................................................... 25D. Measurement Barriers ........................................................... 26E. Priorities for Measurement Science ....................................... 29V. Whole Buildings ............................................................................. 36A. Characteristics of the Future Built Environment ................ 36B. Critical Technologies .............................................................. 37C. Broad Challenges .................................................................... 38D. Measurement Barriers ........................................................... 40E. Priorities for Measurement Science ....................................... 41VI. Building Envelope .......................................................................... 49A. Characteristics of the Future Built Environment ................ 49B. Critical Technologies .............................................................. 50C. Broad Challenges .................................................................... 51D. Measurement Barriers ........................................................... 52E. Priorities for Measurement Science ....................................... 54VII. Building Equipment ...................................................................... 60A. Characteristics of the Future Built Environment ................ 60B. Critical Technologies .............................................................. 61C. Broad Challenges .................................................................... 63D. Measurement Barriers ........................................................... 64E. Priorities for Measurement Science ....................................... 65Appendices .............................................................................................. 71Appendix A: List of Contributors ............................................... 72Appendix B: References .............................................................. 74Appendix C: Acronyms ................................................................ 75iiMeasurement Science for Net-Zero Energy Buildings
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBuildings account for nearly a third of the world’s energy use today, and this shareis expected to rise along with population growth and levels of prosperity. In theUnited States, residential and commercial buildings consumed about 40 % ofprimary energy use, or about 38.7 quadrillion BTUs (40.8 exajoules) in 2008.Buildings today account for about 73 % of electricity and 55 % of natural gasconsumption in the United States. In 2006, residential and commercial buildingswere responsible for 58 % and 42 %, respectively, of the $392 billion U.S. buildingenergy expenditures. (DOE 2009, DOE 2009a).Net-zero energy buildings (NZEB) ⎯buildings that produce as much energy asthey consume over a defined period⎯offer the potential to substantially decreasebuilding energy use and enable buildings to become energy self-sufficient.Achieving the vision of net-zero energy buildings will require the pursuit ofmultiple strategies, including development of new, cost-effective technologies andpractices, integration of renewable energy into building designs, and adoption ofinnovative strategies for using energy and resources. A national goal has been setto achieve net-zero energy in 50 % of U.S. commercial buildings by 2050 (DOE2010).In 2008, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) issued the FederalResearch and Development Agenda for Net-Zero Energy, High-Performance GreenBuildings (NSTC 2008). Advances in measurement science are cited by the NSTCreport as being critical to achieving the future promise of net-zero energybuildings.In response to the NSTC report and to ensurethat measurement science keeps pace withneeded innovations, the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST) sponsored theMeasurement Science for Net-Zero EnergyBuildings Workshop on October 29, 2009 inGaithersburg, Maryland. Experts from industry,government, national laboratories, andacademia came together to provide insights oncritical technologies, major challenges, andrelated measurement issues for five major topics(see Figure E.1).This report summarizes the workshop resultsand will serve to guide NIST in pursuing aportfolio of programs that are focused onproviding the measurement science needed toenable net-zero energy buildings. It can also beFigure E.1 Workshop Topics• Onsite Energy Production⎯Stand‐alone andbuilding‐integrated alternative energy systems• Intelligent Buildings⎯Integrated, intelligentmeasurement and control technologies to improvebuilding environment and functionality• Whole Building Integrated EnergyPerformance⎯Assessment and projection of wholebuilding energy performance• Building Envelope Energy Reduction⎯Design,construction, and inspection methods for buildingenvelopes, and• Building Equipment Energy Reduction⎯Advancedand optimized building system components andequipment such as heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC), water heating, lighting, andothersused by both the public and private sectors to guide policy, R&D, and otherdecision making relevant to this important area. Highlights from the workshop aresummarized in Figure E.2.Measurement Science for Net-Zero Energy Buildingsiii
Page 1: NIST Technical Note 1660Measurement
Page 4 and 5: Certain commercial entities, equipm
Page 7: PREFACEThis report summarizes the r
Page 11 and 12: I. INTRODUCTIONA. Background and Im
Page 13 and 14: • Building Envelope Energy Reduct
Page 15 and 16: advances in technology and knowledg
Page 17 and 18: Table III‐1. Onsite Energy Produc
Page 19 and 20: needs to be resolved for urban buil
Page 21 and 22: Table III‐2. Onsite Energy Genera
Page 23 and 24: Exhibit III.1. On-Site Energy Produ
Page 33 and 34: IV. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGSIntelligen
Page 35 and 36: Near Term: Systems that provide inf
Page 37 and 38: Table IV‐2. Intelligent Buildings
Page 39 and 40: E. Priorities for Measurement Scien
Page 41 and 42: Exhibit IV.2. Intelligent Buildings
Page 47 and 48: B. Critical TechnologiesA wide vari
Page 49 and 50: difficult to efficiently integrate
Page 51 and 52: Sensors (continued)LowerPriorityBui
Page 53 and 54: Exhibit V.1. Whole Buildings Measur
Page 59 and 60:
VI. BUILDING ENVELOPEBuilding energ
Page 61 and 62:
Long Term: Energy efficiency rating
Page 63 and 64:
Sensors (continued)LowerPriorityBui
Page 65 and 66:
Exhibit VI.1. Building Envelope Mea
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
B. Critical TechnologiesMore energy
Page 73 and 74:
optimize and recalibrate when neces
Page 75 and 76:
Table VII‐2. Building Equipment -
Page 77 and 78:
Exhibit VII.1. Building Equipment M
Page 79 and 80:
Exhibit VII.3. Building Equipment M
Page 81 and 82:
APPENDICESMeasurement Science for N
Page 83 and 84:
Whole BuildingsBill Bahnfleth Penns
Page 85 and 86:
APPENDIX C: ACRONYMSANSI:ASHRAE:AST
show all

Measurement Science Roadmap for Net-Zero Energy Buildings

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?