Shark -new motor design concept for energy saving- applied to - VBN

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12 Chapter 1 Introduction o Maytag, washing machine o Smallfry, food processor o Air conditioning system for passenger train o Picanol, weaving machine o Ametek, Infin-A-Tek, vacuum cleaning system o NORDIC door ab, unit for high speed role door • EMOTRON [42]has developed the EMS-VVX SRM drive for ventilation systems • RADIO-ENERGIE [39] has developed low voltage SRM drives with power in the range 0.7-2 kW at 3000 rpm for forklifts trucks and light electric vehicles. • LG Electronics [43] has developed vacuum cleaner and air conditioner with SRM technology. 1.6 Objectives of the study In this section, some ideas related to the Shark principle and its fundaments are briefly reviewed, in order to define the objective of this work As it was previously explained, the Shark principle provides a solution for further improvement of the efficiency of an electric motor. It is a design solution, that extends the conventional approach based on the radial cross-section of the motor. The Shark principle improves the magnetic circuit of a given motor by the modification of the longitudinal cross-section. In Fig.1.5, it was shown that the cylindrical air gap machine could be modified by the addition of a longitudinal geometric pattern (Shark tooth) of various shapes. The resulting structure has a larger energy conversion area in the air gap of an electric machine, without the addition of more material. It acts by simply redistributing the existing material within the machine. Very few publications [1], [2], [3] claim, that the Shark profile provides magnetic benefits, hence the value of a detailed study of the Shark principle. Based on these considerations one objective of this study is: To analyse the Shark concept and to study whether it is a valid solution for improvement of the efficiency in electrical machines. It is also of interest to find out how a motor with Shark air gap, compares to other motor types in use. Therefore, it was decided to include a comparison of various motors, including also the motor types, including the motor with Shark air gap. This provides a useful basis on which to compare the efficiency of various types of energy conversion. So the second objective is: To compare various types of electric motors: Induction Motor, Switched Reluctance Motor with cylindrical air gap, Switched Reluctance Motor with Shark air gap and Brushless DC at similar working conditions
Chapter 1 Introduction Based on these two objectives the methodology used was as follows. To facilitate the comparative analysis, all motors were designed to be built in the same frame, for the same rated output power, achievable at similar working points defined by the (torque-speed) pair. From this point of view the initial data of the motors built and tested in this project are: Grundfos frame MG 71, output power P=0.55[kW], rated speed =2800 [rpm] and rated torque T=1.92 [Nm]. To achieve the first objective, the SRM was selected as demonstration machine, due to its simple construction. A cylindrical air gap SRM was first designed and manufactured. Then Shark SRM was manufactured based on the geometry of the CSRM, by modifying the shape of the air gap. In this way, the magnetic circuits of the two machines differ only in the shape of their air gaps. The Shark structure adopted in the Shark SRM was obtained after optimisation with Finite Element Analysis. In order to ease the analysis for other ranges of Shark SRM an analytical method was also developed. The list of the task to be achieved during this work is as following: 1.6.1 Parametric analysis The first step of the study was to make a parametric analysis of the Shark profile. The method was to analyse different Shark profiles and obtain a family of characteristics that may facilitate optimisation of the structure. The air gap length of the Shark SRM was maintained constant along the air gap region. The method included a theoretical approach followed by FEA. The FEA provides information about the field distribution, which helps in understanding the manner in which the Shark structures behaves. This step was to avoid a study of different Shark configurations using different prototypes, which was too expensive and time consuming. 1.6.2 Analytical tool development The next step was to develop an analytical tool, able to model the behaviour of a Shark structure quickly. This proved to be difficult, as the non-linearity of the machine with cylindrical air gap is emphasised by the presence of the Shark profile. The data provided by the FEA, where different configurations may be investigated, were used to verify the results of the analytical work. 1.6.3 Validation of the Shark principle Of course, any theory or simulation has to be validated by measurements on a demonstration machine. Therefore, the manufacture of a demonstration machine was a necessary part of this project. In order to prove the theory, the Shark SRM performances were compared with those of the cylindrical SRM. 1.6.4 Comparison with other existing motors (IM, BLDCM) Once the Shark SRM was analysed and compared with the CSRM, the question of its performance in relation to the IM and BDCM arose. Therefore, four motors of different types, with the same power rating (IM, CSRM, Shark SRM and BLDCM) were tested at defined working points. 13
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Page 6 and 7: Abstract The aim of this thesis is
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Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Linear analysis
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flux linkage [Wb] Chapter 3 Finite
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Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Analytical mode
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Chapter 4 Analytical modelling of t
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where where λ ( , θ ) 102 Chapter
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104 energy gain Chapter 4 Analytica
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106 Chapter 4 Analytical modelling
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112 radial force [N] 1900 1800 1700
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114 radial force [N] Chapter 4 Anal
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120 Chapter 5 Measurement and compa
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turn on angle [deg] 128 10 8 6 4 2
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140 copper loss [W] Chapter 5 Measu
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142 d. Power factor Chapter 5 Measu
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144 f. Specific torque Chapter 5 Me
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148 Chapter 6 Manufacturing conside
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158 Chapter 7 Summary and Conclusio
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Appendix A Design data of Induction
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170 Appendix B Definition of the ai
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178 air gap flux density [T] Append
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Appendix C 180 Appendix C Analytica
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A A A w1 w2 w3 182 = w ⋅ v = w =
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Appendix C.4 184 Appendix C Analyti
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Appendix C.5 Permeance ratio 186 Ap
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Appendix D Appendix D.1 188 Appendi
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190 References [16] T.J.E. Miller,
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192 References Conference, , 27 Jul
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194 Volume: 2 , 1996 , Page(s): 715
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196 References [96] F. Abrahamsen,
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188 References
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Shark -new motor design concept for energy saving- applied to - VBN

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