Annual Diving Report - Divers Alert Network

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4. DIVE FATALITIES were classified as drowning for divers who ran out of air in a cave, were entrapped, or sank to the bottom due to overweight or inability to inflate their BCs. Even if drowning was the COD, the disabling injury was classified as unknown if another disabling injury could not be excluded. AGE (20 cases). AGE was identified as the disabling injury in 23 percent of cases, double that indicated by COD. Trauma (5 cases). Two divers were struck by a boat, two were injured in rough seas near shore, and one was crushed under a boat in shallow water. Intoxication due to unsuitable breathing gas (3 cases). ● One diver lost consciousness at depth and drowned after breathing gas that was contaminated with carbon monoxide. ● One diver using a rebreather was reportedly seen seizing at the bottom. ● One diver using a full face mask and breathing trimix was found unresponsive on the bottom. He appeared to have switched to oxygen while at depth. Loss of consciousness due to unknown causes (2 cases). ● A 55-year-old experienced female diver made a dive to 296 fsw (90 msw) and lost consciousness at 107 fsw (33 msw) during an apparently normal ascent. Her body was retrieved an hour later. The autopsy was inconclusive. ● A diver at 110 fsw (34 msw) on a wreck in a cold lake signaled his buddies that he wanted to ascend and started toward the ascent line but lost consciousness and drowned before his companions were able to get him to the surface. Autopsy results were not available. 4.4.4 Disabling agent Figure 4.4.4-1 shows disabling agents. Emergency ascent, entrapment or natural diseases were the disabling agents in 50 percent of all fatalities. Percent of Fatalities 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Emergency ascent Entrapment Natural Disease Trauma Buoyancy Insufficient gas Wrong gas Figure 4.4.4-1 Disabling agents (n=88). Aspiration Unknown Annual Diving Report: 2006 Edition 55
4. DIVE FATALITIES Emergency ascent (22 cases). Autopsies were done in 16 cases and reports available for 13. ● Eight divers had autopsy reports with objective findings of AGE (gas in brain circulation) or likelihood of pulmonary barotrauma such as subcutaneous emphysema, extra-alveolar air, or gas in the circulation). ● One diver had made many brief excursions (yo-yo diving). 4.4.5 Initial triggering event Figure 4.4.5-1 shows the initial triggering event that began the sequence ultimately leading to death. The most frequent initial event was insufficient gas (14 percent) followed by rough seas and strong current (10 percent), natural disease (9 percent), entrapment (9 percent), and equipment problems (8 percent). The triggering event could not be established for 20 percent of the cases. Percent of Fatalities 20 15 10 5 0 Insufficient gas Rough seas Natural Disease Entrapment Equipment problems Buoyancy Other Lost/Separated Wrong gas Trauma Figure 4.4.5-1 Initial triggering event (n = 88). Emergency ascent Unknown Insufficient gas (12 cases). ● Three divers ran out of air in a cave and drowned. ● Five divers ran out of gas or became low on gas at the bottom. ● Three divers made unsuccessful emergency ascents and two drowned at the bottom. ● An older diver with a history of heart disease completed a safety stop and surfaced in rough seas, but without enough gas to inflate his BC, he drowned. ● Three divers were reported to be out-of-air by witnesses or were assumed to have run out of air by the investigator without supporting evidence. Rough seas, surf or strong current (9 cases). Six divers, either alone or in small groups, entered rough water from the shore. Three divers dived from boats. Natural disease in favorable diving conditions (8 cases). ● Six divers were in their fifties and sixties. ● A 37-year-old male diver lost consciousness at the bottom which the medical examiner ascribed to an abnormally enlarged heart. 56 Annual Diving Report: 2006 Edition
Page 1 and 2:
ANNUAL DIVING REPORT 2006 EDITION F
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgments Data for the 2006 R
Page 5 and 6: International DAN Offices DAN Ameri
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION PDE is a prospectiv
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Annual Diving Injury and Fatali
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION 48 years from 1989
Page 13 and 14: 2. PROJECT DIVE EXPLORATION The Sca
Page 15 and 16: 2. PROJECT DIVE EXPLORATION Table 2
Page 17 and 18: 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2. PROJECT D
Page 19 and 20: 2.4 Dive Profiles 2. PROJECT DIVE E
Page 21 and 22: Percentage of Dives Percent of Dive
Page 23 and 24: Percentage of Dives 80 60 40 20 0 C
Page 25 and 26: 2. PROJECT DIVE EXPLORATION Ambiguo
Page 27 and 28: 2.5.2 Non-DCI Injury or Symptoms 2.
Page 29 and 30: 0 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 2
Page 31 and 32: Case #3. Mild neurological DCS (DCS
Page 33 and 34: 3. DIVE INJURIES 3. DIVE INJURIES T
Page 35 and 36: 3. DIVE INJURIES treat fewer than 1
Page 37 and 38: 3. DIVE INJURIES The frequency of d
Page 39 and 40: Dizziness/Vertigo Skin Pulmonary He
Page 41 and 42: 3. DIVE INJURIES Figure 3.4-5 indic
Page 43 and 44: Percent of Cases 50 40 30 20 10 0 C
Page 45 and 46: 4. DIVE FATALITIES Table 4.1-1 Numb
Page 47 and 48: Percent of Fatalities 45 40 35 30 2
Page 49 and 50: 4. DIVE FATALITIES Figure 4.2-5 sho
Page 51 and 52: 4. DIVE FATALITIES Figure 4.3-3 sho
Page 53 and 54: 50 40 30 20 10 0 Surface pre-dive D
Page 55: Percent of Fatalities 30 20 10 70 6
Page 59 and 60: 4. DIVE FATALITIES The number of di
Page 61 and 62: 5. BREATH-HOLD DIVING Details on th
Page 63 and 64: Number of Cases of Cases 10 8 6 4 2
Page 65 and 66: APPENDIX A. DIVE INJURY CASE REPORT
Page 71 and 72: APPENDIX B. DIVE FATALITY CASE REPO
Page 93 and 94: APPENDIX C. BREATH-HOLD INCIDENT CA
Page 95 and 96: 2004 Publications Refereed Articles
Page 97 and 98: computers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004
Page 99 and 100: Vann RD, Wachholz CJ, Nord DA, Deno
Page 101 and 102: NOTES 100 Annual Diving Report: 200
Page 103: www.DiversAlertNetwork.org
show all

Annual Diving Report - Divers Alert Network

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?