How Cells make ATP: Energy-Releasing Pathways - University City ...
How Cells make ATP: Energy-Releasing Pathways - University City ...
How Cells make ATP: Energy-Releasing Pathways - University City ...
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Learning Objective 5• Define chemiosmosis• <strong>How</strong> is a gradient of protons establishedacross the inner mitochondrial membrane?Chemiosmosis• <strong>Energy</strong> of electrons in ETC• pumps H + across inner mitochondrialmembrane• into intermembrane space• Protons (H + ) accumulate in intermembranespace• lowering pH<strong>ATP</strong> SynthaseOuter mitochondrialmembraneCytosolInner mitochondrialmembrane• Enzyme <strong>ATP</strong> synthase• forms channels through inner mitochondrialmembrane• Diffusion of protons through channelsprovides energy to synthesize <strong>ATP</strong>Intermembranespace — low pHMatrix — higher pHFig. 8-9, p. 183CytosolOutermitochondrialmembraneIntermembranespaceKEY CONCEPTSInnermitochondrialmembraneMatrix ofmitochondrionNADHComplex INAD +ComplexIIFADH 2ComplexIII12ComplexIVComplex V:<strong>ATP</strong>synthase• Nutrients other than glucose, includingmany carbohydrates, lipids, and aminoacids, can be oxidized by aerobicrespirationADP P i<strong>ATP</strong>Fig. 8-10a, p. 184
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