Infectiologic differential diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease and so ...

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antibiosis is that the antibiotic is both intracellularly and extracellularly effective. This is the case for tetracyclines and macrolides. The infection data for Chlamydophila pneumoniae are summarized in Table 10. Table 10 Infection data for Chlamydophila pneumoniae Pathogen: - Chlamydophila pneumoniae Transmission: - Droplet infection - Person to person Reservoir: - Human beings Primary manifestations: - Pneumonia - Disorders of the nervous system - Reactive arthritis - Myocarditis Intracellular and extracellular localization 20
The primary disease manifestation of Chlamydophila pneumoniae is pneumonia. The incidence is 1% and predominantly affects people older than 65 years of age [132, 133]. The pneumonia is frequently accompanied by infections of the upper respiratory tract (pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis). Slight disease expression initially, extrapulmonary manifestations (see Tab. 11) and a normal leukocyte count indicate an atypical pneumonia and thus also pneumonia caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. In addition to pneumonia, Chlamydophila pneumoniae causes extrapulmonary manifestations [134] (cf. Table 11), which are significant with regard to the differential diagnosis of Lyme disease (LD) or Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Table 11 Extra pulmonary manifestations of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections Meningoencephalitis Guillain-Barré syndrome Reactive arthritis Myocarditis (The extra pulmonary manifestations have differential diagnostic reference to LD and LNB) The chronic course of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections is documented by studies [234 - 240]. A relationship to CP was also described for Alzheimer’s disease [241]. This is a finding that is also of importance with regard to chronic LNB, for which the same associations have been demonstrated [295 - 298]. The extrapulmonary manifestations frequently extend across a long period of time, i.e. across months and years. This also applies to the so-called reactive arthritis, whose differentiation from the arthritides in Lyme disease is sometimes difficult. Attention should also be paid to the Guillain-Barré syndrome which can last for months and presents in the same manner as in the Lyme disease. The association with a myocarditis is also similar, whereas meningoencephalitis occurs in the acute phase, i.e. practically simultaneously with pneumonia. 21
Page 1 and 2: Infectiologic differential diagnosi
Page 3 and 4: 3 Anamnistically, one has to consid
Page 5 and 6: Table 2 LD coinfections (not tick-b
Page 7 and 8: Table 5 Bartonellosis’ infection
Page 9 and 10: Table 6 Main disease manifestations
Page 11 and 12: 11 Fig. 1. Erythrocytes infected wi
Page 13 and 14: 13 Bartonellae are localized in ery
Page 15 and 16: ESR und CRP elevated Hypercalcemia
Page 18 and 19: Table 9 Antibiotic treatment of bar
Page 22 and 23: The laboratory diagnostics for Chla
Page 24 and 25: The arthritis occurs in 1% of the u
Page 26 and 27: In the differential diagnosis of Ly
Page 28 and 29: Late phase: - Reactive arthritis -
Page 30 and 31: the depiction of chronic yersiniosi
Page 32 and 33: In Yersinia-PCR-positive patients,
Page 34 and 35: - Incubation period 3 weeks - Atypi
Page 36 and 37: system, of the skin and other organ
Page 38 and 39: - Ehrlichia chaffeensis [1] - Anapl
Page 40 and 41: Since seroprevalence merely express
Page 42 and 43: B. microti is the predominant patho
Page 44 and 45: epresent a major health hazard and
Page 46 and 47: The decisive diagnostic information
Page 48 and 49: Probable: IFA IgG 1:1024 and one of
Page 50 and 51: The main manifestation of the Campy
Page 52 and 53: The term “reactive arthritis” i
Page 54 and 55: In the diagnosis of a “reactive a
Page 56 and 57: Table 27 Disease manifestations of
Page 58 and 59: addition, other pathogens discussed
Page 60 and 61: [8] Schouls LM, Van De Pol I, Rijpk
Page 62 and 63: [25] Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T, Skot
Page 64 and 65: [43] Bakken JS, Krueth JK, Lund T,
Page 66 and 67: [60] Fox LM, Wingerter S, Ahmed A e
Page 68 and 69: [80] Marra CM. Neurologic complicat
Page 70 and 71:
[100] Pulliainen AT, Dehio C. Barto
Page 72 and 73:
[118] Bass JW, Freitas BC, Freitas
Page 74 and 75:
[137] Gaydos CA, Roblin PM, Hammers
Page 76 and 77:
[155] Cover TL, Aber RC. Yersinia e
Page 78 and 79:
multi-organ donors for the presence
Page 80 and 81:
[190] Straubinger RK, Straubinger A
Page 82 and 83:
[208] Bitnun A, Ford-Jones E, Blase
Page 84 and 85:
patients with reactive and undiffer
Page 86 and 87:
[242] Appelbaum PC, Gillespie SH, B
Page 88 and 89:
pneumoniae infection associated wit
Page 90 and 91:
[276] Thomas NH, Collins JE, Robb S
Page 92 and 93:
[294] File TM Jr, Segreti J, Dunbar
Page 94 and 95:
[310] Sorvillo FJ, Lieb LE, Waterma
Page 96 and 97:
henselae Isolates Collected from Ca
Page 98 and 99:
[345] Raoult D, Levy PY, Harlé JR,
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