Rental Housing - UN-Habitat

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SlumSocial housingSpontaneoushousingSub-tenantTenantThika tenantPejorative term for poor quality housing, e.g., “a contiguoussettlement where the inhabitants are characterized as havinginadequate housing and basic services. A slum is often notrecognised and addressed by the public authorities as an integralor equal part of the city” (UN-HABITAT, 2002d: 6).A vague term increasingly reserved for housing that isdeveloped by non-profit making institutions, predominantlyfor the poor. The institutions involved may range fromeducational institutions, through charities, to housing associationsand cooperatives. However, sometimes the term isapplied to all formal housing built for poor people, andsometimes to all kinds of housing built by non-profit organizations.In Latin America, the term social-interest housing isoccasionally used meaning, formal housing built for poorpeople and often subsidized, but produced by private sectorcompanies. In this report, the term is confined to private nonprofitmaking institutions building housing for poor people.A synonym for informal or self-help housing.The tenant of a tenant.Households paying a prearranged rent for the exclusiveoccupation of all or part of a dwelling unit. This tenure alsoincludes both formal and informal situations. That is to say,the term renting embraces households who pay a regular sumof money to a landlord whether the landlord is a governmentinstitution, a cooperative or a private individual and irrespectiveof whether a formal contract has been issued. Alandlord in a self-help settlement who has established a verbalcontract with the tenant is still a landlord. So long as thetenant recognizes that there is a contractual relationship withanother individual who has ownership rights over the propertyand a regular payment is being made, the distinctionbetween owners and tenants is a real one.In nineteenth century metropolitan Calcutta, “a complexarrangement developed that eventually led to a unique threetiertenurial structure. A landlord would typically rent outvacant plots under his own ownership to members of hisretinue (‘intermediate agents’ who became known as thikatenants) who, in turn, would build a large number of smallhuts on the plot. Rooms within the huts were then rented outto labourers” (Ramaswamy and Charavarti, 1997: 64).xviRental housing
TugurioUNCHSUNCRDUNDPUNECEUNECLACUN-HABITATUNHRPUSAIDWHOSpanish American term for slum and for a rural hut or hovelUnited Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat),since 2002 known as the United Nations Human SettlementsProgramme (UN-HABITAT).United Nations Centre for Regional Development.United Nations Development Programme.United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.United Nations Economic Commission for Latin Americaand the Caribbean.United Nations Human Settlements Programme.United Nations Housing Rights Programme, launched in2002, as a joint initiative by UN-HABITAT and OHCHR.United States Agency for International Development.World Health Organization.Contentsxvii
Page 1: Rental HousingAn essential option f
Page 7 and 8: ContentsPreface ...................
Page 10 and 11: Table 7. Housing characteristics in
Page 12: ChonseiCOHREColoniaContingentvaluat
Page 18 and 19: xviiiRental housing
Page 20 and 21: The time of the large, exploitative
Page 22 and 23: of developing countries, it may eve
Page 24 and 25: ecognition and focus on rental hous
Page 26 and 27: to the land on which it is built. A
Page 29: In short, the report builds on the
Page 32: Table 2. Housing tenure for selecte
Page 40 and 41: ownership levels being roughly simi
Page 42 and 43: uying homes. Informally, and by far
Page 44 and 45: Notes1. UNCHS, 1989: 1.2. UNCHS, 19
Page 46 and 47: 24 Rental housing
Page 48 and 49: Table 6. The diversity of rental ho
Page 50 and 51: of this diversity, this section wil
Page 52 and 53: numbers of families wanting accommo
Page 54 and 55: “In Estonia, the public sector ho
Page 56 and 57: Box 1. Definitions of social housin
Page 58 and 59: Africa seems intent on developing a
Page 60 and 61: Boards and the All India Women’s
Page 62 and 63: “pension funds and life insurance
Page 64 and 65: Photograph 5: Rental housing in Maf
Page 66 and 67:
II.E. Informal renting of lotsMost
Page 68 and 69:
The situation in Chile and South Af
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 1. Distribution of non-owner
Page 72 and 73:
Notes1. Kumar, 2001: 97.2. UNCHS, 1
Page 74 and 75:
88. Wahab, 1984.89. Kalim, 1990: 18
Page 76 and 77:
pared with the vast amount of resea
Page 78 and 79:
“In Benin, customarily, the eldes
Page 80 and 81:
The following sections outline the
Page 82 and 83:
one with whom they can share accomm
Page 84 and 85:
Even tenant families are usually sm
Page 86 and 87:
But, the birth of children does not
Page 88 and 89:
drawn between internal and external
Page 90 and 91:
The incidence of sharing is also li
Page 92 and 93:
Many landlords would argue that the
Page 94 and 95:
Notes1. Barrows, 1983: 395.2. Barro
Page 96 and 97:
87. Chant, 1996a; 1996b.88. Turner,
Page 98 and 99:
76 Rental housing
Page 100 and 101:
Kingdom in the mid-1950s, they face
Page 102 and 103:
dation should be available in good
Page 104 and 105:
In Mexico, landlords in self-help s
Page 106 and 107:
More recent Kenyan evidence suggest
Page 108 and 109:
good, with each title-holder leavin
Page 110 and 111:
IV.D. Inner-city problemsIn many ci
Page 112 and 113:
South Africa: “informal landlord-
Page 114 and 115:
Whether or not evictions are common
Page 116 and 117:
threat and the Centre on Housing Ri
Page 118 and 119:
would have been of no advantage to
Page 120 and 121:
situation. If they can’t pay, I s
Page 122 and 123:
46. DETR, 2000: 2.47. Aika, 1990: 9
Page 124 and 125:
102 Rental housing
Page 126 and 127:
Yet, neither the United Kingdom nor
Page 128 and 129:
everyone’s little vision isn’t
Page 130 and 131:
In several cities in much poorer co
Page 132 and 133:
There are lots of reasons why peopl
Page 134 and 135:
Making capital gains are often a vi
Page 136 and 137:
feckless consumers through their su
Page 138 and 139:
“the peripheral location, the vas
Page 140 and 141:
the partial exception of a handful
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poorly constructed, badly maintaine
Page 145 and 146:
sending money ‘home’, remittanc
Page 147 and 148:
V.H. Myth 8: ‘Homeownership encou
Page 149 and 150:
Notes1. Rossi and Weber, 1996: 31.2
Page 151 and 152:
90. Almarza, 1997; Crespo and other
Page 153 and 154:
VI. Appropriate forms of public int
Page 155 and 156:
construction. Unfortunately, while
Page 157 and 158:
sidies to owner-occupiers through m
Page 159 and 160:
error of their ways and few are int
Page 161 and 162:
In Nigeria, there is little formal
Page 163 and 164:
“relatively low-income households
Page 165 and 166:
only 23,000 subsidies per annum bet
Page 167 and 168:
Kumar may argue that sites and serv
Page 169 and 170:
“the conversion of temporary hous
Page 171 and 172:
structures is considered to be a fi
Page 173 and 174:
metres. Some writers have even argu
Page 175 and 176:
led to the loss of large numbers of
Page 177 and 178:
Box 4. (continued).in 146 local aut
Page 179 and 180:
For such reasons, many landlords in
Page 181 and 182:
Rent control was supposed to help p
Page 183 and 184:
Box 5. Buy to let in the United Kin
Page 185 and 186:
“all units listed to voucher hold
Page 187 and 188:
determine the nature of each and ev
Page 189 and 190:
Notes1. For details, see UN-HABITAT
Page 191 and 192:
87. World Bank, 1991: 83.88. Kumar,
Page 193 and 194:
VII. Promoting rental housing: An i
Page 195 and 196:
• ‘Every household wants to own
Page 197 and 198:
discussion. There seem to be two pa
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nized that “improved security of
Page 201 and 202:
issues that individual governments
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Silence about rental housing is als
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• The impact of upgrading program
Page 207 and 208:
Notes1. Saunders, 1990: 4.2. UNCHS,
Page 209 and 210:
List of referencesAaron, H., (1966)
Page 211 and 212:
Bauer, J.R. and Bell, D.A. (eds.),
Page 213 and 214:
Crankshaw, O. and Gilbert, A.G., (1
Page 215 and 216:
——, —— (eds.), (2002), Hold
Page 217 and 218:
——, (1998), The Latin American
Page 219 and 220:
Harms, H., (1996), “Conclusiones
Page 221 and 222:
Kentridge, M., (1996), “The relat
Page 223 and 224:
—— and Tewari, V.K., (1990),
Page 225 and 226:
Pareja, M. and San Martín, I., (20
Page 227 and 228:
Rojas, E., (2001), “The long road
Page 229 and 230:
——, (1988), The history and pra
Page 231 and 232:
——, (2003b), Human Settlements
Page 233 and 234:
Wikan, U., (1990), “Changing hous
Page 235 and 236:
Appendices: Choice of case studiesT
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Appendix 1. South African rental ho
Page 239 and 240:
1999: 2). If there are problems wit
Page 241 and 242:
They argued that the financial arra
Page 243 and 244:
Unfortunately, the social housing i
Page 245 and 246:
“to households who are owners or
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix 2. Reviving private invest
Page 249 and 250:
However, because of the weak state
Page 251 and 252:
issued and then the tenant and the
Page 253 and 254:
Appendix 3. Leasing: The best of re
Page 255 and 256:
Unlike an ordinary mortgage, the lu
Page 257 and 258:
Appendix 4. The accelerated reposse
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix 5. The rental slums of Ken
Page 261 and 262:
welcome to the absentee landlords,
Page 263 and 264:
Appendix 6. The family dimension: S
Page 265 and 266:
Box 6. (continued).imam’s quarter
Page 267 and 268:
A second general implication of fam
Page 269 and 270:
Appendix 7. Is the “American Drea
Page 271 and 272:
Under such an onslaught it is not s
Page 273:
proportions of government subsidy p
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