,".'.d(P: - Higher Education Commission

l3.a copp.r (cu)
Copp.r is a lulriliomlly csdtial elhdi lt is t djnor cotutiln nl ofmtudl qateE bur
the con@ lation of copp.i in the wat€r dblribudon svsten nav €xceed due to fi€
corcsion of coppq piFs. Intate of dritking water wi1h.l.vat d copFi conc'nrations
@ induc. cpieatic pdin. MUse4 vonidng ed dish.a lPizrre 't il' l99l
Epidemiologic sdies havc nol foud my Fhtior ben*en coPps exposw dd c&cer'
rJ.5 Iron (Fe)
k6 is a vnd .bndt it hum trutrition Cst ioq slel ard galv&iad ion PiPe e
th€ princip.l so@6 of imn i. dinking ward diributid svst ms. Iron in drinling slEr
promotcs lhe gov"Ih of ircn bactqia dd sulfatc_Edrcing b&lena. Concetuation of ircn
in exc.ss of 0,2-0.3 ng L L my caue nuience, althousn tu Prc*nce do6 not affecr the
try3iflic quatiry of mrer lM.ri.ri
13.6zitrc(z!)
.t rL, 2ll09l
zinc is also & esential cl.nent involved io nerabolic tunctions in hm&s ln nannal
sufe. w|e! n is foud in lace mous bul lhe concenlralio. ofzinc in tap Mter hay
inc@s baase ot the l.4hing of tnc loh pipiry ad finings Zinc hd ben fomd b
have low toxicny to mm but prolohced cotsuFPlion of lrge doses of zn cau's fstisue
dizjnc$, dd !.ntroFnis IAbd hni et .1.' 2008i Atofolu .t .l ' 20051
Lead conc.lt61ion in oaiural sud&e wats is gencrallv snall bul lhe conc.ntBtion @t
inclles ar ln€ consm4\ lap Th* de nMber of fadore rcsFonsible lor the incresed
oMtrario. of l€ad in raP war.r ituludiDa lachrng of lead ion PvC piFs wh@ il is
e-it s st bilid or lttough the co@sion of Plmbing
haienals ontaining lead
ll-evin .t .1., 200S1. Lead loxicit hd a .ffcct on th€ henalologic. leEl md neuologic
systems. Chrcnic, lo*-l.vel l*d expdue plodues glon'ruldr ad obuloi eulit'al
chans* dat leads ro Clycosuio, ptureinuia, hvFiension 'nd
chrcnic enal lailue The
rmroxic .ffrc6 of lead e pelhtp6 itE h.si lnon dd studi.d lsatrbon d 'l ' 2002,'