SECURING FIBRE CHANNEL FABRICS - Brocade

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Chapter 3: SAN Basics for Security ProfessionalsThe purpose of the SAN is to provide a means of transporting datathrough a network between a server and any storage devices itrequires. The SCSI protocol is still the foundation for the SAN, in whichSCSI commands can be transported via a network protocol instead ofvia directly attached SCSI cables. Although a SAN can be implementedusing different network protocols, most SANs have been implementedusing the Fibre Channel protocol. (There are other protocols used suchas iSCSI and now FCoE, currently under development.)Note that the spelling of the word “Fibre” is in fact correct here andwas written this way intentionally to distinguish it from the word “fiber,”which usually implies fiber-optic cable. This difference appears subtle,but is important. Although the FC protocol is often implemented usingfiber-optic cable, it can also be implemented using copper cabling.Since Fibre Channel is the predominant protocol in the SAN market, forthe remainder of the book, this will be assumed.Evolution of the FC ProtocolThe FC protocol has evolved through three generations as described inTable 1 and illustrated in Figure 8. The first generation, point-to-point,was a simple non-networked, direct-attached protocol that connecteda server directly to a disk or tape device.The second generation, arbitrated loop, allowed servers and storagedevices to communicate in a network with a ring topology (similar totoken ring), but any change to the network generated a loop initializationprocess (LIP), which suspended all communications in thenetwork. This was particularly annoying for backup applications,which, following a LIP interruption, would force the restart of a backupfrom the beginning. Although the second generation FC allowed formultiple devices to share resources, theoretically it supported a maximumof 127 devices in the entire network and, practically, it did notscale to half that number.The third generation, switched fabric (FC-SW), allowed for even greaterdistances, speed, and scalability with a possibility of 2 24 addressabledevices. Although there is a theoretical possibility of addressing over16 million devices, the modern <strong>Brocade</strong> fabric, for example, can supportapproximately 6,000 devices. As a practical matter, if more than afew thousand devices are required, network address translation (NAT)routers are used to interconnect multiple fabrics. A switched fabric createsdedicated connections between two devices as opposed tosharing the connections between all devices as with FC-AL.20 Securing Fibre Channel Fabrics
Evolution of the FC ProtocolTable 1. FC protocol generationsFC Generation Description CharacteristicsPoint-to-point(FC-P2P)Arbitrated loop(FC-AL)Switched fabric(FC-SW)Non-networkedmodelShared networkwith arbitrationprotocolFully switchednetworkedmodelDirect-attach between server and astorage device• Implemented using FC-AL hubs• Uses ALPA for addressing• Requires arbitration to initiateconversations• Uses LIP for change notification• Up to 127 addressable devices• Implemented using FC switches/directors/backbones• Uses WWN for addressing• Uses RSCN for change notification•Up to 2 24 addressable devices• Can scale higher using NAT routersPoint-to-PointServerDiskArbitrated LoopFC hubServerFC-ALtape driveFC-ALServerFC switchFC switchSwitched FabricDisk arrayFC directorTape libraryFigure 1. FC protocol generationsSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics 21
Page 1 and 2: SECURINGFIBRECHANNELFABRICSSECOND E
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Page 6 and 7: © 2012 Brocade Communications Syst
Page 8 and 9: viSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
Page 10 and 11: viiiSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
Page 12 and 13: ContentsChapter 4: Security Basics
Page 14 and 15: ContentsIsolation and Separation ..
Page 16 and 17: ContentsxivSecuring Fibre Channel F
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1: Introduction• The Euro
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1: IntroductionThe SAN Secu
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1: IntroductionInternet sta
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1: Introductionoften, the s
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2: SAN Security MythsSAN Se
Page 29 and 30: SAN Security Myth Number 5SAN Test
Page 31 and 32: SAN Security Myth Number 6To demons
Page 33 and 34: SAN Security Myth Number 7SAN Secur
Page 35: SAN Basics for SecurityProfessional
Page 39 and 40: Fibre Channel BasicsTable 2. FC pro
Page 41 and 42: Fibre Channel BasicsFC FabricsFC fa
Page 43 and 44: Fibre Channel BasicsType Category N
Page 45 and 46: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAn F
Page 47 and 48: FC Fabric Features and Servicesing
Page 49 and 50: FC Fabric Features and ServicesWhen
Page 51 and 52: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAnd
Page 53 and 54: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 55 and 56: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAs c
Page 57 and 58: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 59 and 60: FC Fabric Features and Servicesothe
Page 61 and 62: Security Basics forStorage Professi
Page 63 and 64: Security Modelshave enacted such le
Page 65 and 66: Security Modelssures must be taken
Page 67 and 68: Types of ThreatsTypes of ThreatsA t
Page 69 and 70: Types of ThreatsOne significant thr
Page 71 and 72: Types of Threatsside attacks such t
Page 73 and 74: Types of Threatsences from previous
Page 75 and 76: AttacksAttacksAttackers have many o
Page 77 and 78: Attackstion between the two parties
Page 79 and 80: Identification and AuthenticationBi
Page 81 and 82: Physical SecurityOne challenge with
Page 83 and 84: Physical SecurityPhysical access co
Page 85 and 86: Information Disposal and Sanitizati
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Chapter SummaryAlgorithm Passes Des
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Elementary Cryptography5This chapte
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Common Cryptography TermsHere are s
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Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Cryptograp
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Cryptographic Algorithms• Range o
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Cryptographic AlgorithmsHashing alg
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Modes of Operationencryption proces
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Modes of OperationRSAAt around the
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Key ManagementSSL can be used with
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Key ManagementBrocade Encryption De
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FC Security Best Practices6In previ
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelThe m
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelStora
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelChann
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The Brocade SAN Security Modelrestr
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The Brocade SAN Security Modeltem a
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelPassw
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelData
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelWith
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Encrypting Data-in-FlightEncrypting
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Encrypting Data-at-RestEncrypting D
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Encrypting Data-at-Restand disk dev
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Encrypting Data-at-RestPhysical Sec
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Encrypting Data-at-RestTraining and
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Chapter SummaryChapter SummaryAltho
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Deploying SAN-AttachedDevices in a
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Securing the Servers in the DMZpoli
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Securing the Storage DevicesFor exa
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Securing the Storage DevicesInterne
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Auditing and Assessing the SANAudit
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Securing FOS-Based Fabrics8When it
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management InterfacesThe t
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Securing Management InterfacesFilte
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management Interfacesadmin
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FC-Specific SecurityFC-Specific Sec
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FC-Specific SecurityBrocade-support
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FC-Specific SecurityTo prevent this
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Fabric-Based Encryptionthe Brocade
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Fabric-Based Encryption3. (LDAP onl
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Chapter SummaryInsistent Domain IDI
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Compliance and Storage9Certainly, m
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Payment Card Industry Data Security
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Breach Disclosure LawsThe precedent
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)vides
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Federal Information Processing Stan
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Common Criteria (CC)allow different
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Defense Information Systems Agency
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Other SAN Security Topics10SAN secu
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The Future of Key ManagementThe Fut
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Brocade Data EncryptionProducts11Br
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption Features• Data
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe next
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesDEK clus
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Brocade Encryption Featuresthe DEK
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe foll
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Brocade Encryption InternalsFigure
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Brocade Encryption for Data-In-Flig
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Chapter SummarySite ACiphertextSite
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Fabric OS SecurityFeatures MatrixAL
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Standards Bodies andOther Organizat
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IETFSpecifically, the SNIA Security
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IndexNumerics3DES 4Aaccess control
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Indexhuman threat 9Iidentification
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SECURING FIBRE CHANNEL FABRICS - Brocade

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