SECURING FIBRE CHANNEL FABRICS - Brocade

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Chapter 5: Elementary CryptographySymmetric vs. Asymmetric CryptographyOne of the enduring problems in cryptography is the distribution ofkeys. How do you distribute a secret key and minimize or eliminate therisk of the key being compromised if it is intercepted? This problem iscompounded when the key used to encrypt the message is the sameas the one used to decrypt it. Before the electronic era, the only way toexchange keys was to meet in person or deliver them the old-fashionedway, and exchange the keys verbally or via printed copy.Symmetric KeysSymmetric cryptography uses the same key or a secret key to encryptand decrypt messages, such as the Cesar cipher. Since the same keyis used for both encryption and decryption, anyone in possession ofthe key can decrypt the message encoded using that key. Distributingthe keys to the authorized persons poses a particular challenge andextreme measures sometimes need to be taken for what is termed asecure key exchange. If the key is stolen or intercepted during thetransfer process, the code is broken and the encrypted message nolonger deemed secure. Examples of well-known symmetric key algorithmsare Data Encryption Standard (DES) 3DES (pronounced “tripleDEZ”), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).Asymmetric KeysAsymmetric cryptography has been developed to address the keyexchange problem. Exchanging keys in times of war on the battlefieldcertainly posed a challenge, but the Internet and e-commerce presenteven greater challenges. How can you conduct millions of transactionsper day at wire speeds across the world and make sure you authenticateeach transaction?Asymmetric cryptography is also referred to as public key cryptography,since it makes use of keys that are known publicly. A public keyexchange system works on the principle of encrypting a messageusing a combination of a known public key and a secret private key.Each party has their own public and private key pairs, which are differentbut mathematically related. Examples of familiar asymmetric keyalgorithms are used with Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and RSA (representsthe family names of the inventors: Rivest, Shamir, andAdelman).There are several ways of implementing public key exchanges. Below isa high-level example of how this works, without going into too manydetails of how it is actually accomplished.76 Securing Fibre Channel Fabrics
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric CryptographySay that Jim sends Maria a message that only Maria will be able toread. Both Jim and Maria have a private key but Jim does not knowMaria’s private key and Maria does not know Jim’s. They also have apublic key that is available on a public server containing the public keyrepository. Jim queries the repository to obtain Maria's public key anduses it with his own private key to encrypt the message. The messageis sent to Maria and she then retrieves Jim's public key. Using the combinationof Jim's public key and her private key, she can then decryptthe message and read it.Bob is a bad guy and he intercepts the message between Jim andMaria. Since Bob does not know either Maria or Jim’s private key, he isunable to decrypt the message even if he has Maria and Jim's publickeys. Figure 27 illustrates this example.InternetPublic keyrepositoryPublic KeysName: Key:Jim JhiGhr*7km893Maria %re84_)Kflg@Bob Di*fi$3Lkvl#?kdfVictoria M_c&ll$mvoMk!. . . . . .Message encryptedwith Maria’s public keyand Jim’s private keyMessage decryptedwith Jim’s public keyand Maria’s private keyJim’s private key:ii8re8*^mf
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SECURINGFIBRECHANNELFABRICSSECOND E
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SECURINGFIBRECHANNELFABRICSSECOND E
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© 2012 Brocade Communications Syst
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viSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
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viiiSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
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ContentsChapter 4: Security Basics
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ContentsIsolation and Separation ..
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ContentsxivSecuring Fibre Channel F
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Chapter 1: Introduction• The Euro
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Chapter 1: IntroductionThe SAN Secu
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Chapter 1: IntroductionInternet sta
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Chapter 1: Introductionoften, the s
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Chapter 2: SAN Security MythsSAN Se
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SAN Security Myth Number 5SAN Test
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SAN Security Myth Number 6To demons
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SAN Security Myth Number 7SAN Secur
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SAN Basics for SecurityProfessional
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Evolution of the FC ProtocolTable 1
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Fibre Channel BasicsTable 2. FC pro
Page 41 and 42: Fibre Channel BasicsFC FabricsFC fa
Page 43 and 44: Fibre Channel BasicsType Category N
Page 45 and 46: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAn F
Page 47 and 48: FC Fabric Features and Servicesing
Page 49 and 50: FC Fabric Features and ServicesWhen
Page 51 and 52: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAnd
Page 53 and 54: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 55 and 56: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAs c
Page 57 and 58: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 59 and 60: FC Fabric Features and Servicesothe
Page 61 and 62: Security Basics forStorage Professi
Page 63 and 64: Security Modelshave enacted such le
Page 65 and 66: Security Modelssures must be taken
Page 67 and 68: Types of ThreatsTypes of ThreatsA t
Page 69 and 70: Types of ThreatsOne significant thr
Page 71 and 72: Types of Threatsside attacks such t
Page 73 and 74: Types of Threatsences from previous
Page 75 and 76: AttacksAttacksAttackers have many o
Page 77 and 78: Attackstion between the two parties
Page 79 and 80: Identification and AuthenticationBi
Page 81 and 82: Physical SecurityOne challenge with
Page 83 and 84: Physical SecurityPhysical access co
Page 85 and 86: Information Disposal and Sanitizati
Page 87 and 88: Chapter SummaryAlgorithm Passes Des
Page 89 and 90: Elementary Cryptography5This chapte
Page 91: Common Cryptography TermsHere are s
Page 95 and 96: Cryptographic Algorithms• Range o
Page 97 and 98: Cryptographic AlgorithmsHashing alg
Page 99 and 100: Modes of Operationencryption proces
Page 101 and 102: Modes of OperationRSAAt around the
Page 103 and 104: Key ManagementSSL can be used with
Page 105 and 106: Key ManagementBrocade Encryption De
Page 107 and 108: FC Security Best Practices6In previ
Page 109 and 110: The Brocade SAN Security ModelThe m
Page 111 and 112: The Brocade SAN Security ModelStora
Page 113 and 114: The Brocade SAN Security ModelChann
Page 115 and 116: The Brocade SAN Security Modelrestr
Page 117 and 118: The Brocade SAN Security Modeltem a
Page 119 and 120: The Brocade SAN Security ModelPassw
Page 121 and 122: The Brocade SAN Security ModelData
Page 123 and 124: The Brocade SAN Security ModelWith
Page 125 and 126: Encrypting Data-in-FlightEncrypting
Page 127 and 128: Encrypting Data-at-RestEncrypting D
Page 129 and 130: Encrypting Data-at-Restand disk dev
Page 131 and 132: Encrypting Data-at-RestPhysical Sec
Page 133 and 134: Encrypting Data-at-RestTraining and
Page 135 and 136: Chapter SummaryChapter SummaryAltho
Page 137 and 138: Deploying SAN-AttachedDevices in a
Page 139 and 140: Securing the Servers in the DMZpoli
Page 141 and 142: Securing the Storage DevicesFor exa
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Securing the Storage DevicesInterne
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Auditing and Assessing the SANAudit
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Securing FOS-Based Fabrics8When it
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management InterfacesThe t
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Securing Management InterfacesFilte
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management Interfacesadmin
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FC-Specific SecurityFC-Specific Sec
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FC-Specific SecurityBrocade-support
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FC-Specific SecurityTo prevent this
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Fabric-Based Encryptionthe Brocade
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Fabric-Based Encryption3. (LDAP onl
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Chapter SummaryInsistent Domain IDI
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Compliance and Storage9Certainly, m
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Payment Card Industry Data Security
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Breach Disclosure LawsThe precedent
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)vides
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Federal Information Processing Stan
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Common Criteria (CC)allow different
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Defense Information Systems Agency
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Other SAN Security Topics10SAN secu
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The Future of Key ManagementThe Fut
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Brocade Data EncryptionProducts11Br
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption Features• Data
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe next
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesDEK clus
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Brocade Encryption Featuresthe DEK
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe foll
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Brocade Encryption InternalsFigure
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Brocade Encryption for Data-In-Flig
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Chapter SummarySite ACiphertextSite
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Fabric OS SecurityFeatures MatrixAL
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Standards Bodies andOther Organizat
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IETFSpecifically, the SNIA Security
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IndexNumerics3DES 4Aaccess control
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Indexhuman threat 9Iidentification
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