SECURING FIBRE CHANNEL FABRICS - Brocade

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Chapter 3: SAN Basics for Security ProfessionalsThe FC switched fabric protocol itself has also evolved through severalgenerations. Its first implementation offered 1 Gigabit per second(Gbps) speeds using a removable transceiver-type device in the switchport, called a gigabit interface converter (GBIC). Subsequent generations,starting with 2 Gbps implementations, used a smallertransceiver called a small form factor pluggable (SFP) device and thelatest 16 Gbps technology uses SFP+ transceivers. The successivegenerations doubled the previous generation's bandwidth to - 2 Gbps,4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, and now 16 Gbps speeds; 10 Gbps FC is alsosupported.Fibre Channel BasicsFC FramesA switched FC network is called a fabric and the packets transportedthrough the fabric are called frames. An FC frame begins with a startof-frame(SOF) delimiter and ends with an end-of-frame (EOF) delimiter.Just before the EOF is a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) forintegrity checking. The frame header, located immediately after theSOF, provides other information, including the source and destinationaddress. The actual payload can vary in size from 0 to 2,112 bytes fora maximum frame size of 2,148 bytes. Figure 9 illustrates the simplifiedFC frame format. There are also optional headers used for specialcases but these are not discussed in any detail here.36 - 2,148 bytes(4) (24) (0 - 2,112)(4) (4)SOFFRAME HEADER DATA FIELD/PAYLOAD CRC EOFFigure 2. FC frame formatFC Protocol LayersSimilar to TCP/IP, Fibre Channel is a multi-layer protocol with fivedefined layers as described in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 10. Ifyou are familiar with the TCP/IP protocol you may notice some similarities,particularly at the lower layers. This is not surprising, since theGigabit Ethernet standard actually “borrowed” its lower layers from FC.However, many of the functions found in the TCP/IP model are performedin different layers in the FC model and some layers do not existat all (routing, for example).22 Securing Fibre Channel Fabrics
Fibre Channel BasicsTable 2. FC protocol layersFC-4FC-3FC-2FC-1FC Layer Name DescriptionNon-networkedmodelShared networkwith arbitrationprotocolFully switchednetworked model8b/10b encoding64b/66b encodingMaps the different upper-levelprotocols (ULP), such as SCSI andIP, to the lower-level protocolsIncludes hunt groups, nameserver, multicast, alias server,clock synchronization, futureservicesIncludes class of service, frameformat, sequencing, exchangemanagement, addressassignment, multicastmanagementPerforms 8b/10b or 64b/66b(for 10 and 16 Gbps FC) serialencoding and decodingFC-0 Physical Defines the physical links in thesystem: connectors, electrical/optical parameters, data ratesAudio/Video Channels NetworksFC-4FC-3FC-2Fast filetransferStreams IPI SCSI HIPPI SBCCS 802.2 TCP/IPCommon Fabric ServicesFraming Protocol/Flow ControlFC1Encode/Decode (8b/10b or 64b/66b)FC-PHFC0133Mbaud266Mbaud531Mbaud1Gbps2Gbps3Gbps4Gbps8Gbps10Gbps16GbpsObsolete data ratesMediaOptical: Laser, LEDCopper: Coax, twisted pairFigure 3. FC protocol layersSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics 23
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Page 6 and 7: © 2012 Brocade Communications Syst
Page 8 and 9: viSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
Page 10 and 11: viiiSecuring Fibre Channel Fabrics
Page 12 and 13: ContentsChapter 4: Security Basics
Page 14 and 15: ContentsIsolation and Separation ..
Page 16 and 17: ContentsxivSecuring Fibre Channel F
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1: Introduction• The Euro
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1: IntroductionThe SAN Secu
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1: IntroductionInternet sta
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1: Introductionoften, the s
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2: SAN Security MythsSAN Se
Page 29 and 30: SAN Security Myth Number 5SAN Test
Page 31 and 32: SAN Security Myth Number 6To demons
Page 33 and 34: SAN Security Myth Number 7SAN Secur
Page 35 and 36: SAN Basics for SecurityProfessional
Page 37: Evolution of the FC ProtocolTable 1
Page 41 and 42: Fibre Channel BasicsFC FabricsFC fa
Page 43 and 44: Fibre Channel BasicsType Category N
Page 45 and 46: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAn F
Page 47 and 48: FC Fabric Features and Servicesing
Page 49 and 50: FC Fabric Features and ServicesWhen
Page 51 and 52: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAnd
Page 53 and 54: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 55 and 56: FC Fabric Features and ServicesAs c
Page 57 and 58: FC Fabric Features and ServicesSwit
Page 59 and 60: FC Fabric Features and Servicesothe
Page 61 and 62: Security Basics forStorage Professi
Page 63 and 64: Security Modelshave enacted such le
Page 65 and 66: Security Modelssures must be taken
Page 67 and 68: Types of ThreatsTypes of ThreatsA t
Page 69 and 70: Types of ThreatsOne significant thr
Page 71 and 72: Types of Threatsside attacks such t
Page 73 and 74: Types of Threatsences from previous
Page 75 and 76: AttacksAttacksAttackers have many o
Page 77 and 78: Attackstion between the two parties
Page 79 and 80: Identification and AuthenticationBi
Page 81 and 82: Physical SecurityOne challenge with
Page 83 and 84: Physical SecurityPhysical access co
Page 85 and 86: Information Disposal and Sanitizati
Page 87 and 88: Chapter SummaryAlgorithm Passes Des
Page 89 and 90:
Elementary Cryptography5This chapte
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Common Cryptography TermsHere are s
Page 93 and 94:
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Cryptograp
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Cryptographic Algorithms• Range o
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Cryptographic AlgorithmsHashing alg
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Modes of Operationencryption proces
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Modes of OperationRSAAt around the
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Key ManagementSSL can be used with
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Key ManagementBrocade Encryption De
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FC Security Best Practices6In previ
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelThe m
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelStora
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelChann
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The Brocade SAN Security Modelrestr
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The Brocade SAN Security Modeltem a
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelPassw
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelData
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The Brocade SAN Security ModelWith
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Encrypting Data-in-FlightEncrypting
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Encrypting Data-at-RestEncrypting D
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Encrypting Data-at-Restand disk dev
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Encrypting Data-at-RestPhysical Sec
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Encrypting Data-at-RestTraining and
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Chapter SummaryChapter SummaryAltho
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Deploying SAN-AttachedDevices in a
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Securing the Servers in the DMZpoli
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Securing the Storage DevicesFor exa
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Securing the Storage DevicesInterne
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Auditing and Assessing the SANAudit
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Securing FOS-Based Fabrics8When it
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management InterfacesThe t
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Securing Management InterfacesFilte
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Securing Management InterfacesThe f
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Securing Management Interfacesadmin
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FC-Specific SecurityFC-Specific Sec
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FC-Specific SecurityBrocade-support
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FC-Specific SecurityTo prevent this
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Fabric-Based Encryptionthe Brocade
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Fabric-Based Encryption3. (LDAP onl
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Chapter SummaryInsistent Domain IDI
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Compliance and Storage9Certainly, m
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Payment Card Industry Data Security
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Breach Disclosure LawsThe precedent
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)vides
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Federal Information Processing Stan
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Common Criteria (CC)allow different
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Defense Information Systems Agency
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Other SAN Security Topics10SAN secu
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The Future of Key ManagementThe Fut
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Brocade Data EncryptionProducts11Br
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption for Data-At-Rest
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Brocade Encryption Features• Data
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe next
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesDEK clus
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Brocade Encryption Featuresthe DEK
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Brocade Encryption FeaturesThe foll
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Brocade Encryption InternalsFigure
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Design and Implementation Best Prac
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Brocade Encryption for Data-In-Flig
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Chapter SummarySite ACiphertextSite
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Fabric OS SecurityFeatures MatrixAL
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Security FeatureFOS2.xFOS3.xFOS4.x+
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Standards Bodies andOther Organizat
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IETFSpecifically, the SNIA Security
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IndexNumerics3DES 4Aaccess control
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Indexhuman threat 9Iidentification
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