Kuhn vs Popper - About James H. Collier

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was second only to his fellow Yankee Republican,MIT Vice-President Vannevar Bush, as an architectof US science policy. Whereas Bush was primarilyfocused on the future of scientific research (he wasthe mastermind behind the National ScienceFoundation), Conant planned for the education ofpotentially influential non-scientists in a periodwhen public expectations of science were beingexaggerated, both positively and negatively.It was in this context that Kuhn, a physicistdisillusioned by his experience in World War II,honed the ideas that became his second book,Structure. Indeed, Kuhn’s first academic post was asConant’s teaching assistant in one of his generaleducation courses. Although The Copernican Revolutiondealt with events that transpired 400 yearsearlier, Conant felt compelled in his foreword todraw attention to the Cold War, especially therelationship between scientific autonomy anddemocratic America. Five years later, when Kuhndedicated Structure to Conant, it became clear – atleast to Lakatos and his London colleagues – thatKuhn had been anointed the official philosopher ofscience of the emerging military-industrialcomplex. After all, in World War II, Conant hadhelped to rescue the logical positivists, who by thestart of the Cold War had become the philosophyestablishment in the United States. Moreover, it32
was Conant who recommended Kuhn to thepositivist editorial board that commissioned andpublished Structure as the final volume of their greatAmerican project, the International Encyclopediaof Unified Science.33
Page 1 and 2: Kuhn vsPopperThe Struggle for theSo
Page 3: CONTENTSIntroduction 1Chapter 1: In
Page 9 and 10: more than ever preoccupied with fac
Page 11 and 12: paradigmatic pedigree than by its p
Page 13 and 14: . CHAPTER 1 .IN SEARCH OF THE CAUSE
Page 15 and 16: second concerns how the debate mana
Page 17 and 18: Watkins, who relied on the student
Page 19 and 20: actual precursor but who are no les
Page 21 and 22: debate, especially as they bear on
Page 23 and 24: extended encyclopaedia entry, as th
Page 25 and 26: means by which people become scient
Page 27 and 28: happened to be an apt vehicle for a
Page 29 and 30: logic is for. For positivists, logi
Page 31 and 32: suppressed by the first great autho
Page 33 and 34: Russell and Popper shared an antipa
Page 35: theories. Kuhn’s reception was he
Page 39 and 40: Legend has it that while Popper lik
Page 41 and 42: new paradigm. For Kuhn, a paradigm
Page 43 and 44: matters of ‘tradition’, ‘trac
Page 45 and 46: studies practitioners is sufficient
Page 47 and 48: The series of exchanges alluded to
Page 49 and 50: already doing, not over whether the
Page 51 and 52: disciplines, can determine the best
Page 53 and 54: considerations to influence the cou
Page 55 and 56: associated with the civic republica
Page 57 and 58: own aversion to Hegel’s authorita
Page 59 and 60: digms relates to a public good conc
Page 61 and 62: looking standard, one based on enti
Page 63 and 64: the 19th-century roots of modern ma
Page 65 and 66: Lakatos believed he had improved on
Page 67 and 68: est track record, a kind of evoluti
Page 69 and 70: more than Kuhn himself - concluded
Page 71 and 72: the incommensurable theories are tr
Page 73 and 74: systematically misunderstood. Consi
Page 75 and 76: progress. However, Kuhn and Popper
Page 77 and 78: . CHAPTER 7 .WHY PHILOSOPHERS GET N
Page 79 and 80: Darwin’s theory of natural select
Page 81 and 82: But the complete alienation of phil
Page 83 and 84: having supped on the gruel of norma
Page 85 and 86: permits the survival of chance muta
Page 87 and 88:
iochemist Lawrence J. Henderson (18
Page 89 and 90:
. CHAPTER 8 .SO, WHY ARE PHILOSOPHE
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Cold War science policy - namely, t
Page 93 and 94:
pure inquiry. Exceptionally disappo
Page 95 and 96:
would seem to require the abandonme
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what an omnipotent deity friendly t
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the rather technical and tedious wo
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narrator considers herself at least
Page 103 and 104:
would now say) awaiting propitious
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were secular Jews who did not exhib
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‘conjectures and refutations’.
Page 109 and 110:
At various points in Western histor
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is how second-order colonialism fee
Page 113 and 114:
external grants, scientists have be
Page 115 and 116:
. CHAPTER 11 .DO WE BELIEVE BY EVID
Page 117 and 118:
case through acquaintance with chur
Page 119 and 120:
showed how Galileo had to resort to
Page 121 and 122:
grounds for what the Jesuits call t
Page 123 and 124:
is rather different. For him, a sci
Page 125 and 126:
Kuhn was that if design in nature i
Page 127 and 128:
except that the venue should provid
Page 129 and 130:
effectively preoccupied with the pr
Page 131 and 132:
whereby our liabilities simulate vi
Page 133 and 134:
Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), f
Page 135 and 136:
However, from its inception, the un
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the uncharted domain. This rather l
Page 139 and 140:
producers in their domains. Here it
Page 141 and 142:
original distinction between the tr
Page 143 and 144:
Indeed, what had made the natural s
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influence dissipated in the long te
Page 147 and 148:
philosophical disciplines?) that sh
Page 149 and 150:
Here we see an important difference
Page 151 and 152:
tendency of experimental psychology
Page 153 and 154:
that the Enlightenment has yet to b
Page 155 and 156:
people would need to come to regard
Page 157 and 158:
. CHAPTER 14 .POPPER AND ADORNO DIV
Page 159 and 160:
idealised understanding of scientif
Page 161 and 162:
new evidence), criticism must opera
Page 163 and 164:
oth of which were in evidence in th
Page 165 and 166:
translated into emancipatory action
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egan in the Weimar Republic as a by
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address their own. For the many soc
Page 171 and 172:
ment of their ideals. By failing to
Page 173 and 174:
. CHAPTER 15 .HOW TO BE RESPONSIBLE
Page 175 and 176:
sciences. (Back then, the philosoph
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a certain way would have increased
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over time. In other words, it is al
Page 181 and 182:
A good model for understanding the
Page 183 and 184:
. CHAPTER 16 .FAILING THE POPPERIAN
Page 185 and 186:
use ‘philosopher’ as the name o
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whenever someone infers the validit
Page 189 and 190:
The genetic fallacy is not designed
Page 191 and 192:
unwitting captives to that context
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Heidegger’s ideas from Heidegger
Page 195 and 196:
However, this question became diffi
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. CHAPTER 17 .IS THOMAS KUHN THEAME
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philosophers came to rely on Heideg
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alternative contemporaries - have c
Page 203 and 204:
say something similar in the case o
Page 205 and 206:
1960s - he did not believe that a p
Page 207 and 208:
world-historic spirit has played a
Page 209 and 210:
out what is now often called the
Page 211 and 212:
mention the analytic philosophy tha
Page 213 and 214:
physical sciences than Kuhn, but th
Page 215 and 216:
features from two or more historica
Page 217 and 218:
I have already raised the examples
Page 219 and 220:
self-serving over time, since we ar
Page 221 and 222:
1978). Kuhn’s historiographical e
Page 223 and 224:
Rather than listing many texts of v
Page 225 and 226:
‘received view’ in the philosop
Page 227 and 228:
Franklin, The Science of Conjecture
Page 229 and 230:
qualified defence of genomic-based
Page 231:
lishers, 1997). Kuhn’s views on h
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