EPID 766: Analysis of Longitudinal Data from ... - NCSU Statistics

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CHAPTER 1 Epid 766, D. Zhang 2. Prospective cohort study (follow-up study): • A cohort with known exposure status (X) is followed over time to obtain their disease status (Y ). • A single observation of (Y ) may be observed (e.g., survival study) or multiple observations of (Y ) may be observed (longitudinal study). • Stronger evidence for causal inference. Causal inference can be made if X is assigned randomly (if X is a treatment indicator in the case of clinical trials). • When single binary (0/1) Y is obtained, we have D D E n11 n10 n1+ E n01 n00 n0+ Here, n1+ and n0+ are fixed (sample sizes for exposure and nonexposure groups). Graduate Summer Session in Epidemiology Slide 8
CHAPTER 1 Epid 766, D. Zhang 3. Retrospective (case-control) study: • A sample with known disease status (D) is drawn and their exposure history (E) is ascertained. Data can be summarized as D D E n11 n10 E n01 n00 n+1 n+0 where the margins n+1 and n+0 are fixed numbers. • Assuming no bias in obtaining history information on E, association between E and D can be estimated. n11 ∼ Bin(n+1, P[E|D]), n10 ∼ Bin(n+0, P[E|D]). Odds ratio: estimate from this study �θ = n11n00 n10n01 Graduate Summer Session in Epidemiology Slide 9
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